Erechthias externella

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Erechthias externella
Erechthias externella 55614762.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Tineidae
Genus: Erechthias
Species:
E. externella
Binomial name
Erechthias externella
(Walker, 1864) [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • Glyphipterix externella Walker, 1864
  • Decadarchis monastraMeyrick, 1891
  • Erechthias erebistisMeyrick, 1892
  • Tinea bisignellaWalker, 1864

Erechthias externella is a species of moth in the family Tineidae. [3] It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. This species is endemic to New Zealand and is found in the North and South Islands. This species inhabits native scrub. The larvae likely feed on either deceased plant detritus or tough leaves of plants such as palms or flax. Adults are sun-lovers and appear on the wing in October. They actively fly in the afternoon when their movements are rapid and can be hard to follow. They have also been trapped using blacklight.

Contents

Taxonomy

This species was first described by Francis Walker in 1864 and named Glyphipterix externella. [4] [2] Also in 1864 Walker, thinking he was describing a new species, named this moth Tinea bisignella. [5] In 1891 Edward Meyrick, also thinking he was describing a new species, named this moth Decadarchis monastra. [6] In 1892 Meyrick again described this species thinking it was new and named it Erechthias erebistis. [7] In 1915 Meyrick placed Glyphipterix externella in the genus Erechthias and synonymised E. erebistis. [8] In 1919 Meyrick synonymised Decadarchis monastra with E. externella. [9] In 1927 Alfred Philpott studied and illustrated the male genitalia of this species. [10] George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species in his 1928 book The butterflies and moths of New Zealand under the name Erechthias externella. [11] In 1988 John S. Dugdale confirmed the placement of this species in the genus Erechthias and synonymised Tinea bisignella with this species. [2] Walker's assertion that the collector of the type specimen was Colonel Bolton was regarded by Dugdale as erroneous. [2] The male holotype specimen was collected by Thomas R. Oxley in Nelson and is held at the Natural History Museum, London. [2]

Description

Male Fig 14 MA I437897 TePapa Plate-XXXVI-The-butterflies full (cropped).jpg
Male
Female Fig 13 MA I437897 TePapa Plate-XXXVI-The-butterflies full (cropped).jpg
Female

Hudson described this species as follows:

The expansion of the wings is slightly under 1⁄2 inch. The fore-wings are elongate-oblong with the costa slightly arched and the tornus rounded; very deep purplish-black with coppery reflections; there are two indistinct darker transverse bands; a coppery crescentic mark near the apex, enclosing a paler, black-centred, eye-like spot which occupies the whole of the apical lappet; the entire wing is also irregularly strewn with bluish-white scales. The hind-wings are warm. brown, thickly speckled with black and with a black spot on the pointed apex. In the female the general colour of the fore-wings is considerably paler and browner; there is a very conspicuous ochreous-whitish patch on the costa beyond the middle and a smaller patch of the same colour near the dorsum at about 1⁄4. [11]

Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand. [1] This species has been observed in the North and South Islands. [12]

Habitat and hosts

This species frequents scrub. [11] Larvae of species in the genus Erechthias feed on dead plant debris or the tough leaves of plants such as palms. [13]

Behaviour

E. externella is a sun-lover, and appears in early New Zealand spring, flying actively in the afternoon. [11] At such times the movements of the adults are extremely hard to follow. The perfect insect appears in October. [11] This species is also attracted to blacklight. [14]

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References

  1. 1 2 "Erechthias externella (Walker, 1864)". www.nzor.org.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Dugdale , J. S. (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. 14. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 61–62. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN   0111-5383. Wikidata   Q45083134.
  3. ↑ Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 464. ISBN   978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC   973607714. OL   25288394M. Wikidata   Q45922947.
  4. ↑ Francis Walker (1864), List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. XXX: Tineites, London, p. 841, Wikidata   Q108264250 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ↑ Francis Walker (1864), List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. XXX: Tineites, London, pp. 1007–1008, Wikidata   Q108264250 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ↑ Edward Meyrick (May 1891). "New Species of Lepidoptera". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 23: 100. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q131622212.
  7. ↑ Edward Meyrick (May 1892). "On new species of Lepidoptera". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 24: 220. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q111014837.
  8. ↑ E. Meyrick (12 July 1915). "Revision of New Zealand Tineina". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 47: 233. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q63123349.
  9. ↑ Edward Meyrick (1919). "Descriptions of New Zealand Lepidoptera". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 51: 353. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q110189623.
  10. ↑ Alfred Philpott (15 November 1927). "The Male Genitalia of the New Zealand Lyonetiidae". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 58: 327–329. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q131610220.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Hudson, G. V. (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington: Ferguson and Osborn Limited, p. 16, 334, LCCN   88133764, OCLC   25449322, Wikidata   Q58593286 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  12. ↑ "Erechthias externella". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  13. ↑ Dong-June Lee; Bong-Woo Lee; Young-Min Shin; Tak-Gi Lee; Yeong-Bin Cha; Yang-Seop Bae (December 2020). "A review of the genus Erechthias Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Tineidae), with two newly recorded species from Korea". Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 13 (4): 625–630. doi:10.1016/J.JAPB.2020.10.005. ISSN   2287-884X. Wikidata   Q131613958.
  14. ↑ T. H. Davies (January 1973). "LIST OF LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTED IN AREAS SURROUNDING HASTINGS AND NAPIER" (PDF). New Zealand Entomologist. 5 (2): 205. doi:10.1080/00779962.1973.9723002. ISSN   0077-9962. Wikidata   Q54755566. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2013.
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