Etheostoma

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Etheostoma
Etheostoma caeruleum.jpg
Etheostoma caeruleum
Etheostoma swaini.jpg
Etheostoma swaini
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Percidae
Subfamily: Etheostomatinae
Genus: Etheostoma
Rafinesque, 1819
Type species
Etheostoma blennioides
Rafinesque, 1819 [1]
Synonyms [2]
List
  • Arlina Girard, 1859
  • Astatichthys Vaillant, 1873
  • Austroperca C.L. Hubbs, 1936
  • Claricola D.S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896
  • CopelandellusD.S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896
  • DiplesionRafinesque, 1820
  • EstrellaGirard, 1859
  • HyostomaAgassiz, 1854
  • NanostomaPutnam, 1877
  • NivicolaD.S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896
  • Niviperca Whitley, 1951
  • Oopareia Near & Keck in Near et al., 2011
  • PoecilosomaAgassiz, 1850
  • RafinesquiellusD.S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896
  • RhothoecaD.S. Jordan, 1885
  • Richia Coker, 1926
  • RichiellaCoker, 1927
  • TorrentariaD.S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896

Etheostoma is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Percidae, and within the sub-family Etheostomatinae , native to North America. Most are restricted to the United States, but species are also found in Canada and Mexico. [3] They are commonly known as darters, although the term "darter" is shared by several other genera. Many can produce alarm pheromones that serve to warn nearby fish in case of an attack. [4]

Species

The 146 recognized species in this genus are arranged into 18 subgenera. Two former subgenera, Allohistium and Nothonotus have been promoted to full genera. [5] [6]

Synonyms

References

  1. ↑ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Etheostoma". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  2. ↑ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Etheostomatinae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  3. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Etheostoma". FishBase . October 2015 version.
  4. ↑ Smith, R.J.F. (1992). "Alarm signals in fishes". Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 2 (1): 33–63.
  5. ↑ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Etheostoma". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 4 January 2026.
  6. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (7 May 2025). "Order PERCIFORMES (part 6): Suborder PERCOIDEI: Families NIPHONIDAE, PERCIDAE and TRACHINIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 4 January 2026.
  7. ↑ Near, T.J.; Thomas, M.R. (2015). "A New Barcheek Darter Species from Buck Creek (Cumberland River System), Kentucky (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Catonotus: Oopareia)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 56 (2): 127–146. Bibcode:2015BPMNH..56..127N. doi:10.3374/014.056.0202.
  8. ↑ Julia E. Wood; Richard C. Harrington; Zachariah D. Alley; Matthew R. Thomas; Jeffrey W. Simmons; and Thomas J. Near (2023). "A New Species of Spottail Darter Endemic to the Clarks River in Kentucky and Tennessee (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Etheostoma)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 64 (1): 11–37. Bibcode:2023BPMNH..64..102W. doi:10.3374/014.064.0102.
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