Euarchonta

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Euarchonta
Temporal range: Paleocene – Recent, 66–0  Ma
Euarchonta.jpg
Euarchonts: upper left:  Plesiadapis , upper right:  northern treeshrew, lower left:  Sunda flying lemur and lower right:  yellow baboon
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Superorder: Euarchontoglires
Grandorder: Euarchonta
Waddell et al. 1999
Subgroups

The Euarchonta are a proposed grandorder of mammals: the order Scandentia (treeshrews), and its sister Primatomorpha mirorder, containing the Dermoptera (colugos) and the primates (Plesiadapiformes and descendants).

Contents

Terminology

The term "Euarchonta" [2] (meaning "true rulers") appeared in 1999, when molecular evidence suggested that the morphology-based Archonta should be trimmed down to exclude Chiroptera. [3] Further DNA sequence analyses [4] [5] [6] supported the Euarchonta hypothesis. Despite multiple papers pointing out that some mitochondrial sequences showed unusual properties (particularly murid rodents and hedgehogs) and were likely distorting the overall tree, [7] [8] and despite earlier studies [6] showing near total congruence of mtDNA-based and nuclear-based trees when such sequences were excluded, some authors continued to produce misleading trees. [9] A study investigating retrotransposon presence/absence data has claimed strong support for Euarchonta. [10] Some interpretations of the molecular data link Primates and Dermoptera in a clade (mirorder) known as Primatomorpha, which is the sister of Scandentia. In some, the Dermoptera are a member of the primates rather than a sister group. Other interpretations link the Dermoptera and Scandentia together in a group called Sundatheria as the sister group of the primates.

Euarchontoglires

Euarchonta and Glires together form the Euarchontoglires, one of the four eutherian clades.

Evolutionary history

The current hypothesis, based on molecular clock evidence, suggests that the Euarchonta arose in the late Cretaceous period, about 88 million years ago, and diverged 86.2 million years ago into the groups of tree shrews and Primatomorpha. The latter diverged prior to 79.6 million years into the orders of Primates and colugos. [11] The earliest fossil species often ascribed to Euarchonta ( Purgatorius coracis) dates to the early Paleocene, 65 million years ago, [1] but one study claims it to be a non-placental eutherian. [12] Although it is known that Scandentia is one of the most basal clades of Euarchontoglires, the exact phylogenetic position is not yet considered resolved, and it may be a sister of Glires, Primatomorpha or Dermoptera or to all other Euarchontoglires. [13] [14] [15] [16]

Euarchontoglires
Glires

Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, pikas)

Rodentia (rodents)

Euarchonta

References

  1. 1 2 O'Leary, M. A.; Bloch, J. I.; Flynn, J. J.; Gaudin, T. J.; Giallombardo, A.; Giannini, N. P.; Cirranello, A. L. (2013). "The placental mammal ancestor and the post–K-Pg radiation of placentals". Science. 339 (6120): 662–667. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..662O. doi:10.1126/science.1229237. hdl: 11336/7302 . PMID   23393258. S2CID   206544776.
  2. ↑ Waddell, P.J.; Cao, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Mindell, D.P. (1999a). "Assessing the Cretaceous superordinal divergence times within birds and placental mammals using whole mitochondrial protein sequences and an extended statistical framework". Systematic Biology. 48 (1): 119–137. doi: 10.1080/106351599260481 . PMID   12078636.
  3. ↑ Waddell, P.J.; Okada, N.; Hasegawa (1999b). "Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals". Systematic Biology. 48 (1): 1–5. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1 . PMID   12078634.
  4. ↑ Madsen, O.; Scally, M.; Douady, C.J.; Kao, D.J.; DeBry, R.W.; Adkins, R.; Amrine, H.M.; Stanhope, M.J.; de Jong, W.W.; Springer, M.S. (2001). "Parallel adaptive radiations in two major clades of placental mammals". Nature. 409 (6820): 610–614. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..610M. doi:10.1038/35054544. PMID   11214318. S2CID   4398233.
  5. ↑ Murphy, W. J.; Eizirik, E.; Johnson, W. E.; Zhang, Y. P.; Ryder, O. A.; O'Brien, S. J. (2001a). "Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals". Nature. 409 (6820): 614–618. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..614M. doi:10.1038/35054550. PMID   11214319. S2CID   4373847.
  6. 1 2 Waddell, P.J.; Kishino, H.; Ota, R. (2001). "A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics". Genome Informatics Series. 12: 141–154. PMID   11791233.
  7. ↑ Sullivan1997>Sullivan, J.; Swofford, D. L. (1997). "Are guinea pigs rodents? The importance of adequate models in molecular phylogenetics" . Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 4 (2): 77–86. doi:10.1023/A:1027314112438. S2CID   5756010.
  8. ↑ Waddell, P. J.; Cao, Y.; Hauf, J.; Hasegawa, M. (1999c). "Using novel phylogenetic methods to evaluate mammalian mtDNA, including AA invariant sites-LogDet plus site stripping, to detect internal conflicts in the data, with special reference to the position of hedgehog, armadillo, and elephant". Systematic Biology. 48 (1): 31–53. doi: 10.1080/106351599260427 . PMID   12078643.
  9. ↑ Arnason, Ulfur; et al. (2002). "Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (12): 8151–8156. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.8151A. doi: 10.1073/pnas.102164299 . PMC   123036 . PMID   12034869.
  10. ↑ Ole Kriegs, Jan; Churakov, Gennady; Jurka, Jerzy; Brosius, Jürgen; Schmitz, Jürgen (2007). "Evolutionary history of 7SL RNA-derived SINEs in Supraprimates" (PDF). Trends in Genetics. 23 (4): 158–161. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.002. PMID   17307271. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-08-03.
  11. ↑ Janecka, Jan E.; Miller, Webb; Pringle, Thomas H.; Wiens, Frank; Zitzmann, Annette; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Springer, Mark S.; Murphy, William J. (2007). "Molecular and Genomic Data Identify the Closest Living Relative of Primates." (PDF). Science. 318 (5851): 792–794. Bibcode:2007Sci...318..792J. doi:10.1126/science.1147555. PMID   17975064. S2CID   12251814.
  12. ↑ Halliday, Thomas J. D.; Upchurch, Paul; Goswami, Anjali (2017). "Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals" (PDF). Biological Reviews. 92 (1): 521–550. doi:10.1111/brv.12242. PMC   6849585 . PMID   28075073.
  13. ↑ Foley, Nicole M.; Springer, Mark S.; Teeling, Emma C. (2016-07-19). "Mammal madness: is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved?". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 371 (1699): 20150140. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0140. ISSN   0962-8436. PMC   4920340 . PMID   27325836.
  14. ↑ Kumar, Vikas; Hallström, Björn M.; Janke, Axel (2013-04-01). "Coalescent-Based Genome Analyses Resolve the Early Branches of the Euarchontoglires". PLOS ONE. 8 (4): e60019. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860019K. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060019 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   3613385 . PMID   23560065.
  15. ↑ Zhou, Xuming; Sun, Fengming; Xu, Shixia; Yang, Guang; Li, Ming (2015-03-01). "The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful". Integrative Zoology. 10 (2): 186–198. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12116. ISSN   1749-4877. PMID   25311886.
  16. ↑ Meredith, Robert W.; Janečka, Jan E.; Gatesy, John; Ryder, Oliver A.; Fisher, Colleen A.; Teeling, Emma C.; Goodbla, Alisha; Eizirik, Eduardo; Simão, Taiz L. L. (2011-10-28). "Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg Extinction on Mammal Diversification". Science. 334 (6055): 521–524. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..521M. doi:10.1126/science.1211028. ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   21940861. S2CID   38120449.
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