Established | 2004[1] |
---|---|
Location | Brunswick Square London, WC1 United Kingdom |
Coordinates | 51°31′31″N0°07′18″W / 51.525278°N 0.121667°W |
Type | Art gallery, Museum [1] |
Visitors | c. 40,000 per year [2] |
Director | Emma Ridgway [3] |
Public transit access | Russell Square |
Website | foundlingmuseum.org.uk |
The Foundling Museum in Brunswick Square, London, tells the story of the Foundling Hospital, Britain's first home for children at risk of abandonment. The museum houses the nationally important Foundling Hospital Collection as well as the Gerald Coke Handel Collection, an internationally important collection of material relating to Handel and his contemporaries. After a major building refurbishment, the museum was reopened to the public in June 2004.
The museum explores the history of the Foundling Hospital, which continues today as the children's charity Coram. [4] Artists such as William Hogarth and the composer George Frideric Handel are central to the Hospital story and today the museum celebrates the ways in which creative people have helped improve children's lives for over 275 years. It is a member of The London Museums of Health & Medicine group. [5]
The Foundling Hospital was established by the philanthropist Thomas Coram in 1739. After 17 years of tireless campaigning, Coram was finally granted a Royal Charter by King George II, enabling him to set up the UK's first children's charity in Bloomsbury, London. By the early 1920s the hospital was no longer removed from the pollution of the city; it had been subsumed into central London. The trustees of the Hospital decided to relocate operations to a modern purpose-built facility in Berkhamsted. In 1926, the land occupied by the former Hospital in Bloomsbury was sold off and the building torn down. Between 1935 and 1937 the Thomas Coram Foundation (now known as Coram) built a new headquarters at 40 Brunswick Square. The new building incorporated architectural features and Rococo interiors from the original Foundling Hospital building. [4]
The Foundling Museum was established as a separate charitable organisation in 1998. [2] To safeguard and display the collection a deal was agreed in 2002 under which Coram lent the pictures to the museum, allowing it to raise money to buy them over a 25-year period. [6]
The headquarters was refurbished between 2003 and 2004 by the architectural firm Jestico + Whiles. [7] [6] In 2013 attorney general Dominic Grieve wrote to Coram stating that he was concerned that Coram's "treatment of the museum ... does not appear to fit with the spirit and intent of the arrangements put before the attorney general [in 2001]". [8]
The museum is responsible for the care and maintenance of two collections – the Foundling Hospital Collection and the Foundling Museum Collection, which includes the Gerald Coke Handel Collection. These Collections span the eighteenth to the twentieth century, enabling visitors to make connections between the past and the present. The Foundling Hospital Collection includes works of art by some of Britain's most prominent eighteenth-century artists: William Hogarth, Thomas Gainsborough, Joshua Reynolds, Louis-Francois Roubiliac and many others. These paintings and sculptures, donated by the artists themselves, were given in order to support the Foundling Hospital and effectively made the institution the UK's first public art gallery. [4]
The museum's Collections also encompass everyday objects used in the Foundling Hospital and archival materials; books, documents and records, musical scores and librettos, photographs and oral history recordings, as well as clocks, furniture and interiors, many of which were created especially for the hospital and donated by their makers. Some of the most moving objects are the Foundling Hospital tokens – including coins, buttons, jewellery and poems – left by mothers with their babies on admission, enabling the Foundling Hospital to match a mother with her child should she ever return to claim it. The overwhelming majority of the children never saw their mothers again and the tokens are in the care of the museum. [9]
The Committee Room, a reconstruction of one of the original Hospital interiors, is one of the rooms where mothers intending to leave their babies would be interviewed for suitability. It now displays paintings, sculpture and furniture, including Hogarth's satirical and political The March of the Guards to Finchley and a series of paintings by the nineteenth-century artist Emma Brownlow, depicting scenes from the lives of the children in the Foundling Hospital. [10]
The Picture Gallery is a reconstruction of the original Picture Gallery in the West Wing of the hospital. On the walls are paintings of governors and Hospital officials through the ages. These portraits include William Hogarth's magnificent painting of Thomas Coram, Allan Ramsay’s portrait of Dr Richard Mead, Reynolds' portrait of the Earl of Dartmouth, and Thomas Hudson’s portrait of the hospital's architect, Theodore Jacobsen. [11]
The Court Room is where the Foundling Hospital's Governors conducted their committee business and entertained important guests. This room is one of the best surviving Rococo interiors in London, with a magnificent plasterwork ceiling given as a gift to the hospital by plasterer William Wilton. Paintings include Hogarth's Moses before Pharaoh’s Daughter and Gainsborough's picture of London's Charterhouse. [12]
The uppermost floor of the Foundling Museum houses the Gerald Coke Handel Collection. Visitors can learn about Handel's connection to the Foundling Hospital and see his Will he left behind, alongside manuscripts and printed scores, books, works of art, programmes and ephemera. A fair copy of Handel's Messiah, left to the hospital at his death, is also displayed. Four armchairs with built-in speakers play nine hours of Handel's music. [13]
William Hogarth was an English painter, engraver, pictorial satirist, social critic, editorial cartoonist and occasional writer on art. His work ranges from realistic portraiture to comic strip-like series of pictures called "modern moral subjects", and he is perhaps best known for his series A Harlot's Progress, A Rake's Progress and Marriage A-la-Mode. Knowledge of his work is so pervasive that satirical political illustrations in this style are often referred to as "Hogarthian".
The Thomas Coram Foundation for Children is a large children's charity in London which uses the working name Coram.
The Foundling Hospital was a children’s home in London, England, founded in 1739 by the philanthropic sea captain Thomas Coram. It was established for the "education and maintenance of exposed and deserted young children." The word "hospital" was used in a more general sense than it is in the 21st century, simply indicating the institution's "hospitality" to those less fortunate. Nevertheless, one of the top priorities of the committee at the Foundling Hospital was children's health, as they combated smallpox, fevers, consumption, dysentery and even infections from everyday activities like teething that drove up mortality rates and risked epidemics. With their energies focused on maintaining a disinfected environment, providing simple clothing and fare, the committee paid less attention to and spent less on developing children's education. As a result, financial problems would hound the institution for years to come, despite the growing "fashionableness" of charities like the hospital.
Captain Thomas Coram was an English sea captain and philanthropist who created the London Foundling Hospital in Lamb's Conduit Fields, Bloomsbury, to look after abandoned children on the streets of London. It is said to be the world's first incorporated charity.
Joseph Highmore was an English painter of portraits, conversation pieces and history subjects, illustrator and author. After retiring from his career as a painter at the age of 70, he published art historical and critical articles.
Ashlyns School is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England. The school was established in 1935 as the final location of the Foundling Hospital, a children's charity founded in London in 1739. The Berkhamsted building converted into a school in 1955. Ashlyns School is noted as an example of neo-Georgian architecture and is a Grade II listed building.
The Church of St Andrew, Holborn, is a Church of England church on the northwestern edge of the City of London, on Holborn within the Ward of Farringdon Without.
Balthazar or Balthasar Nebot, was a painter active in England between 1729 and 1765.
Taylor White was a British jurist, naturalist, and art collector. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was the patron of several prominent wildlife and botanical artists including Peter Paillou, George Edwards, Benjamin Wilkes, and Georg Dionysius Ehret. He was also a founding governor of the Foundling Hospital in London and served as its treasurer for many years.
Portrait of Captain Thomas Coram is a 1740 portrait of philanthropist Thomas Coram painted by William Hogarth. The portrait, which represents Hogarth's highest achievement in direct portraiture, was not created as a commission and was instead donated to Coram's Foundling Hospital. The portrait is divided into two sections: The left side represents Coram's sea ventures, a major source of his wealth. The right side shows a curtain pulled over a mother figure with a child.
Emma Brownlow (1832–1905) was a Victorian era artist who is best known for her paintings depicting scenes from life at the Foundling Hospital in London.
The Graham Children is an oil painting completed by William Hogarth in 1742. It is a group portrait depicting the four children of Daniel Graham, apothecary to King George II. The youngest child had died by the time the painting was completed.
Dorothy Boyle, Countess of Burlington and Countess of Cork was a British noble and court official, as well as a caricaturist and portrait painter. Several of her studies and paintings were made of her daughters. Chatsworth House, which descended through her daughter Charlotte, holds a collection of 24 of her works of art.
The Foundling Hospital Anthem, also known by its longer title "Blessed are they that considereth the poor" [sic], is a choral anthem composed by George Frideric Handel in 1749. It was written for the Foundling Hospital in London and was first performed in the chapel there. Handel wrote two versions, one for choir only and one for choir and soloists. Composed 10 years before his death, it was Handel's last piece of English church music.
Elizabeth Brudenell, Countess of Cardigan, formerly Lady Elizabeth Bruce, was an English noblewoman and a petitioner for the foundation of the Foundling Hospital in London. Her husband was George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan, and she was the mother of the 4th Earl, who later became 1st Duke of Montagu.
Paintings in Hospitals is an arts in health charity in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1959, the charity's services include the provision of artwork loans, art projects and art workshops to health and social care organisations. The charity's activities are based on clinical evidence demonstrating health and wellbeing benefits of the arts to patients and care staff.
Frances, Baroness Byron, was the second daughter of William Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley of Stratton, and his wife Frances Temple. She was the third wife of William Byron, 4th Baron Byron and a great-grandmother of the poet Lord Byron.
In 1730 Thomas Coram approached aristocratic women with a petition to support the establishment of a Foundling Hospital, which he would present to King George II.