Corn thrips | |
---|---|
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Thysanoptera |
Family: | Thripidae |
Genus: | Frankliniella |
Species: | F. williamsi |
Binomial name | |
Frankliniella williamsi Hood, 1915 | |
Synonyms [1] | |
|
Frankliniella williamsi, the corn thrips, is a species of thrips in the family Thripidae. [2] [1] [3]
Thrips of this species are yellow except for the distal antennal segments, which are brown. The head is wider than long. The antennae are 8-segmented, with segments III and IV each having a forked sense cone, and VIII being roughly twice the length of VII. There are three pairs of ocellar setae, with pair III being roughly as long as the distance between the hind ocelli and arising just inside the anterior margins of the ocellar triangle. There are also postocular setae, with pair IV being (depending on the source) either shorter than the distance between the hind ocelli [1] or as long as this distance. [3]
Posterior to the head is the pronotum, which has 4-5 pairs of elongate setae. The mesofurca has spinula. The median area of the metanotum is transverse anteriorly and has irregular equiangular or longitudinal reticulations posteriorly. Also, the metanotum has median setae longer than lateral setae and arising at the anterior margin, and it has campaniform sensilla. [1] [3]
The tarsi of the mid and hind legs are 2-segmented. [1]
Each forewing is pale in colour and has 2 complete rows of veinal setae. [1] [3]
On the abdomen, tergites V-VIII have paired ctenidia laterally, and those on tergite VIII are anterolateral to the spiracles. Also on tergite VIII, there is a posteromarginal comb with long, fine, closely spaced microtrichia on broadly triangular bases. Sternite II usually has 1 or 2 long discal setae medially, while sternites III-VII lack discal setae. Sternite VII has median setae arising at or close to the posterior margin. [1] [3]
Males and females of F. williamsi are similar. However, males differ in being smaller-bodied, tergite IX having the median pair of setae shorter than the lateral pair, sternites III-VII having small, oval glandular areas and sternite VII having a toothed craspedum on the posterior margin. [1] [3]
Frankliniella williamsi is believed to originate from Central America, but it is now widespread around the world in the tropics and subtropics. [3]
This species breeds in leaf axils of young grasses, including maize (Zea mays). Its feeding on young leaves creates streaks. [1] [3] It is one of the vectors of maize chlorotic mottle virus, a pest of maize. [4]
This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomologists.
A tergum is the dorsal ('upper') portion of an arthropod segment other than the head. The anterior edge is called the 'base' and posterior edge is called the 'apex' or 'margin'. A given tergum may be divided into hardened plates or sclerites commonly referred to as tergites.
Ogoveidae is a family of harvestmen with three described species in one genus, Ogovea, which is found in equatorial West Africa.
Scirtothrips dorsalis, the chilli thrips or yellow tea thrips, is an extremely successful invasive species of pest-thrips which has expanded rapidly from Asia over the last twenty years, and is gradually achieving a global distribution. It has most recently been reported in St. Vincent (2004) Florida (2005), Texas (2006), and Puerto Rico (2007). It is a pest of economic significance with a broad host range, with prominent pest reports on crops including pepper, eggplant, mango, citrus, strawberry, grapes, cotton, tea, peanuts, blueberry, and roses. Chilli thrips appear to feed preferentially on new growth, and infested plants usually develop characteristic wrinkled leaves, with distinctive brown scarring along the veins of leaves, the buds of flowers, and the calyx of fruit. Feeding damage can reduce the sale value of crops produced, and in sufficient numbers, kill plants already aggravated by environmental stress. This thrips has also been implicated in the transmission of three tospoviruses, but there is some controversy over its efficiency as a vector.
Rakiura is a genus of Trichoptera (caddisfly). The genus contains only one species, Rakiura vernale, which is endemic to New Zealand. Rakiura vernale represents the most basal taxon within the Helicopsychidae.
This glossary describes the terms used in formal descriptions of spiders; where applicable these terms are used in describing other arachnids.
Platycheirus immarginatus, the Comb-legged Sedgesitter, is a common species of hoverfly. It is found in parts of northern Europe and northern North America.
Cebrionini is a tribe of click beetles from the family Elateridae; formerly ranked as a subfamily or family, they are now considered a tribe within the subfamily Elaterinae.
Dipteran morphology differs in some significant ways from the broader morphology of insects. The Diptera is a very large and diverse order of mostly small to medium-sized insects. They have prominent compound eyes on a mobile head, and one pair of functional, membraneous wings, which are attached to a complex mesothorax. The second pair of wings, on the metathorax, are reduced to halteres. The order's fundamental peculiarity is its remarkable specialization in terms of wing shape and the morpho-anatomical adaptation of the thorax – features which lend particular agility to its flying forms. The filiform, stylate or aristate antennae correlate with the Nematocera, Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha taxa respectively. It displays substantial morphological uniformity in lower taxa, especially at the level of genus or species. The configuration of integumental bristles is of fundamental importance in their taxonomy, as is wing venation. It displays a complete metamorphosis, or holometabolous development. The larvae are legless, and have head capsules with mandibulate mouthparts in the Nematocera. The larvae of "higher flies" (Brachycera) are however headless and wormlike, and display only three instars. Pupae are obtect in the Nematocera, or coarcate in Brachycera.
Toxomerus politus, commonly known as the maize calligrapher, is a species of hoverfly. It is known from North, Central and South America. Although little is known about the early stages of this species, associations with corn have been noted. The adults and likely the larvae feed on the pollen of the corn plants.
Megaphragma is a genus of wasp in the family Trichogrammatidae. It contains some of the smallest known insects, Megaphragma caribea and Megaphragma mymaripenne, which are roughly the same size as some unicellular protozoans.
Zigrasimecia is an extinct genus of ants which existed in the Cretaceous period approximately 98 million years ago. The first specimens were collected from Burmese amber in Kachin State, 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Myitkyina town in Myanmar. In 2013, palaeoentomologists Phillip Barden and David Grimaldi published a paper describing and naming Zigrasimecia tonsora. They described a dealate female with unusual features, notably the highly specialized mandibles. Other features include large ocelli, short scapes, 12 antennomeres, small eyes, and a clypeal margin that has a row of peg-like denticles. The genus Zigrasimecia was originally incertae sedis within Formicidae until a second species, Zigrasimecia ferox, was described in 2014, leading to its placement in the subfamily Sphecomyrminae. Later, it was considered to belong to the distinct subfamily Zigrasimeciinae.
Chrysotoxum flavifrons, the Blackshield Meadow Fly, is a species of North American hoverfly. They are wasp mimics.
Maize lethal necrosis disease is a viral disease affecting maize (corn) predominantly in East Africa, Southeast Asia and South America, which was recognised in 2010. It is caused by simultaneous infection with two viruses, MCMoV and any of several Potyviridae.
Meromacrus acutus, the Carolinian elegant, is a species of syrphid fly in the family Syrphidae. This uncommon species is distributed in the Eastern United States and South America. Notable for the black and yellow pattern mimicking wasps. Hoverflies get their names from the ability to remain nearly motionless while in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found around and on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. The larvae are aquatic filter-feeders of the rat-tailed type. They are found in rot holes of trees.
Hydroscapha monticola, is a species of skiff beetle native to India and Sri Lanka.
Trachyaretaon gatla is a species of Phasmatodea native to the Philippine island Palawan.
Ankothrips yuccae is a species of thrip in the family Melanthripidae. Its host plant is Yucca whipplei.
Sphegina cultrigera is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae found in Kambaiti Pass, Myanmar, a montane forest with swampy areas and streams located 2000 meters above sea level.
Pylaemenes konchurangensis is a species of stick insects native in Vietnam. The species has been described in the genus Pylaemenes, but from its morphological characters it belongs in the genus Orestes.