GLRX

GLRX
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1B4Q, 1JHB, 4RQR
Identifiers
Aliases	GLRX , GRX, GRX1, glutaredoxin
External IDs	OMIM: 600443 MGI: 2135625 HomoloGene: 37566 GeneCards: GLRX
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 5 (human) [1] Band 5q15 Start 95,751,319 bp [1] End 95,822,726 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 13 (mouse) [2] Band 13 C1|13 40.95 cM Start 75,839,868 bp [2] End 75,850,154 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity • electron transfer activity • glutathione oxidoreductase activity • protein N-terminus binding • glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity Cellular component • cytoplasm • cytosol • extracellular exosome • mitochondrion • cell nucleus Biological process • positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity • nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion • positive regulation of membrane potential • oxidation-reduction process • protein deglutathionylation • cell redox homeostasis • electron transport chain Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2745	93692
Ensembl	ENSG00000173221	ENSMUSG00000021591
UniProt	P35754	Q9QUH0
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002064 NM_001118890 NM_001243658 NM_001243659	NM_053108 NM_001360151
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001112362 NP_001230587 NP_001230588 NP_002055	NP_444338 NP_001347080
Location (UCSC)	Chr 5: 95.75 – 95.82 Mb	Chr 13: 75.84 – 75.85 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Glutaredoxin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLRX gene. ^{[5] [6]}

Interactions

GLRX has been shown to interact with Wilson disease protein ^[7] and ATP7A. ^[7]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000173221 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021591 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Padilla CA, Bajalica S, Lagercrantz J, Holmgren A (Feb 1997). "The gene for human glutaredoxin (GLRX) is localized to human chromosome 5q14". Genomics. 32 (3): 455–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0141. PMID   8838810.
6. "Entrez Gene: GLRX glutaredoxin (thioltransferase)".
7. Lim, Chris M; Cater Michael A; Mercer Julian F B; La Fontaine Sharon (Sep 2006). "Copper-dependent interaction of glutaredoxin with the N termini of the copper-ATPases (ATP7A and ATP7B) defective in Menkes and Wilson diseases". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 348 (2): 428–36. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.067. hdl: 10536/DRO/DU:30003772 . ISSN   0006-291X. PMID   16884690.

Further reading

• Lou MF (2003). "Redox regulation in the lens". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 22 (5): 657–82. doi:10.1016/S1350-9462(03)00050-8. PMID   12892645. S2CID   40914153.
• Sykes MC, Mowbray AL, Jo H (2007). "Reversible glutathiolation of caspase-3 by glutaredoxin as a novel redox signaling mechanism in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death". Circ. Res. 100 (2): 152–4. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000258171.08020.72 . PMID   17272816.
• Padilla CA, Martínez-Galisteo E, Bárcena JA, et al. (1995). "Purification from placenta, amino acid sequence, structure comparisons and cDNA cloning of human glutaredoxin". Eur. J. Biochem. 227 (1–2): 27–34. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20356.x. PMID   7851394.
• Bandyopadhyay S, Gronostajski RM (1994). "Identification of a conserved oxidation-sensitive cysteine residue in the NFI family of DNA-binding proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (47): 29949–55. PMID   7961993.
• Fernando MR, Sumimoto H, Nanri H, et al. (1994). "Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding human glutaredoxin". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1218 (2): 229–31. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(94)90019-1. PMID   8018729.
• Papov VV, Gravina SA, Mieyal JJ, Biemann K (1994). "The primary structure and properties of thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) from human red blood cells". Protein Sci. 3 (3): 428–34. doi:10.1002/pro.5560030307. PMC   2142694 . PMID   8019414.
• Padilla CA, Spyrou G, Holmgren A (1996). "High-level expression of fully active human glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) in E. coli and characterization of Cys7 to Ser mutant protein". FEBS Lett. 378 (1): 69–73. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)01413-6. PMID   8549805. S2CID   37604224.
• Park JB, Levine M (1996). "Purification, cloning and expression of dehydroascorbic acid-reducing activity from human neutrophils: identification as glutaredoxin". Biochem. J. 315. ( Pt 3) (3): 931–8. doi:10.1042/bj3150931. PMC   1217296 . PMID   8645179.
• Davis DA, Newcomb FM, Starke DW, et al. (1997). "Thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) is detected within HIV-1 and can regulate the activity of glutathionylated HIV-1 protease in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (41): 25935–40. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.41.25935 . PMID   9325327.
• Park JB, Levine M (1997). "The human glutaredoxin gene: determination of its organization, transcription start point, and promoter analysis". Gene. 197 (1–2): 189–93. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00262-X. PMID   9332366.
• Bandyopadhyay S, Starke DW, Mieyal JJ, Gronostajski RM (1998). "Thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) reactivates the DNA-binding activity of oxidation-inactivated nuclear factor I." J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1): 392–7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.1.392 . PMID   9417094.
• Sun C, Berardi MJ, Bushweller JH (1998). "The NMR solution structure of human glutaredoxin in the fully reduced form". J. Mol. Biol. 280 (4): 687–701. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.156.1182 . doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.1913. PMID   9677297.
• Yang Y, Jao S, Nanduri S, et al. (1999). "Reactivity of the human thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) C7S, C25S, C78S, C82S mutant and NMR solution structure of its glutathionyl mixed disulfide intermediate reflect catalytic specificity". Biochemistry. 37 (49): 17145–56. doi:10.1021/bi9806504. PMID   9860827.
• Balijepalli S, Tirumalai PS, Swamy KV, et al. (1999). "Rat brain thioltransferase: regional distribution, immunological characterization, and localization by fluorescent in situ hybridization". J. Neurochem. 72 (3): 1170–8. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0721170.x. PMID   10037490. S2CID   13507470.
• Barrett WC, DeGnore JP, König S, et al. (1999). "Regulation of PTP1B via glutathionylation of the active site cysteine 215". Biochemistry. 38 (20): 6699–705. doi:10.1021/bi990240v. PMID   10350489.
• García-Pardo L, Granados MD, Gaytán F, et al. (1999). "Immunolocalization of glutaredoxin in the human corpus luteum". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 5 (10): 914–9. doi: 10.1093/molehr/5.10.914 . PMID   10508218.
• Mallis RJ, Poland BW, Chatterjee TK, et al. (2000). "Crystal structure of S-glutathiolated carbonic anhydrase III". FEBS Lett. 482 (3): 237–41. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02022-6. PMID   11024467. S2CID   8235342.
• Balijepalli S, Boyd MR, Ravindranath V (2001). "Human brain thioltransferase: constitutive expression and localization by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 85 (1–2): 123–32. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(00)00206-0. PMID   11146114.
• Qiao F, Xing K, Liu A, et al. (2001). "Human lens thioltransferase: cloning, purification, and function". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42 (3): 743–51. PMID   11222536.