Galanin-like peptide

Galanin-like peptide
Identifiers
Symbol	GALP
NCBI gene	85569
HGNC	24840
OMIM	611178
RefSeq	NM_033106
UniProt	Q9UBC7
Other data
Locus	Chr. 19 q13.42
Search for Structures Swiss-model Domains InterPro

Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a neuropeptide present in humans and other mammals. It is a 60-amino acid polypeptide produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland. ^{[1] [2] [3]} It is involved in the regulation of appetite and may also have other roles such as in inflammation, sex behavior, and stress. ^{[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]}

Findings additionally suggest that GALP could play a function in energy metabolism due to its ability to maintain continual activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) via thermogenesis, which refers to the production of heat within living organisms. ^[10] In addition, the administration of GALP directly into the brain leads to a reduction in the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which indicates the involvement of GALP in the neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and further adding to the evidence of the role of GALP in energy homeostasis. ^[11]

Notes

1. Seth A, Stanley S, Dhillo W, Murphy K, Ghatei M, Bloom S (February 2003). "Effects of galanin-like peptide on food intake and the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis". Neuroendocrinology. 77 (2): 125–31. doi:10.1159/000068648. PMID   12624534. S2CID   8589263.
2. Kageyama H, Takenoya F, Kita T, Hori T, Guan JL, Shioda S (March 2005). "Galanin-like peptide in the brain: effects on feeding, energy metabolism and reproduction". Regulatory Peptides. 126 (1–2): 21–6. doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2004.08.029. PMID   15620409. S2CID   26597732.
3. Kageyama H, Takenoya F, Hori Y, Yoshida T, Shioda S (January 2008). "Morphological interaction between galanin-like peptide- and dopamine-containing neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus". Regulatory Peptides. 145 (1–3): 165–8. doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.019. PMID   17916390. S2CID   40659877.
4. Man PS, Lawrence CB (July 2008). "Galanin-like peptide: a role in the homeostatic regulation of energy balance?". Neuropharmacology. 55 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.04.008. PMID   18538801. S2CID   22168757.
5. Kuramochi M, Onaka T, Kohno D, Kato S, Yada T (April 2006). "Galanin-like peptide stimulates food intake via activation of neuropeptide Y neurons in the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus of the rat". Endocrinology. 147 (4): 1744–52. doi: 10.1210/en.2005-0907 . PMID   16410310.
6. Taylor A, Madison FN, Fraley GS (March 2009). "Galanin-like peptide stimulates feeding and sexual behavior via dopaminergic fibers within the medial preoptic area of adult male rats". Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 37 (2): 105–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2008.12.003 . PMID   19124073. S2CID   205768330.
7. Man PS, Lawrence CB (November 2008). "Interleukin-1 mediates the anorexic and febrile actions of galanin-like Peptide". Endocrinology. 149 (11): 5791–802. doi:10.1210/en.2008-0252. PMC   3306896 . PMID   18617619.
8. Lawrence CB (July 2009). "Galanin-like peptide modulates energy balance by affecting inflammatory mediators?". Physiology & Behavior. 97 (5): 515–9. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.041. PMID   19298833. S2CID   24305797.
9. Suzuki H, Onaka T, Dayanithi G, Ueta Y (June 2009). "Pathophysiological roles of galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland". Pathophysiology. 17 (2): 135–140. doi: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.03.007 . PMID   19501488.
10. Shiba K, Kageyama H, Takenoya F, Shioda S (2010). "Galanin-like peptide and the regulation of feeding behavior and energy metabolism". The FEBS Journal. 277 (24): 5006–5013. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07933.x . PMID   21126314. S2CID   24097221.
11. Lawrence C, Fraley GS (2011). "Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic regulator of energy homeostasis and reproduction". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 32 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.06.001. PMC   2950899 . PMID   20558195.