VGF

For other uses, see VGF (disambiguation).

VGF
Identifiers
Aliases	VGF , SCG7, SgVII, VGF nerve growth factor inducible
External IDs	OMIM: 602186; MGI: 1343180; HomoloGene: 2536; GeneCards: VGF; OMA:VGF - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human) [1] Band 7q22.1 Start 101,162,509 bp [1] End 101,165,569 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse) [2] Band 5 G2|5 76.13 cM Start 137,055,246 bp [2] End 137,062,205 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in superior frontal gyrus hypothalamus pituitary gland islet of Langerhans primary visual cortex prefrontal cortex nucleus accumbens anterior pituitary dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Brodmann area 9 Top expressed in suprachiasmatic nucleus dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus pontine nuclei dorsal tegmental nucleus median eminence primary visual cortex superior frontal gyrus piriform cortex olfactory tubercle arcuate nucleus More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function neuropeptide hormone activity growth factor activity hormone activity molecular function Cellular component extracellular region transport vesicle cytoplasmic vesicle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle extracellular space endoplasmic reticulum lumen Golgi apparatus Biological process ovarian follicle development response to dietary excess response to cold response to insulin response to cAMP insulin secretion defense response to bacterium sexual reproduction generation of precursor metabolites and energy glucose homeostasis carbohydrate homeostasis regulation of synaptic plasticity post-translational protein modification regulation of signaling receptor activity signal transduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7425 381677 Ensembl ENSG00000128564 ENSMUSG00000037428 UniProt O15240 Q0VGU4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003378 NM_001039385 RefSeq (protein) NP_003369 NP_001034474 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 101.16 – 101.17 Mb Chr 5: 137.06 – 137.06 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

VGF or VGF nerve growth factor inducible is a secreted protein and neuropeptide precursor that may play a role in regulating energy homeostasis, metabolism ^[5] and synaptic plasticity. ^[6] The protein was first discovered in 1985 by Levi et al. ^[7] in an experiment with PC12 cells and its name is non-acronymic. VGF gene encodes a precursor which is divided by proteolysis to polypeptides of different mass, which have a variety of functions, the best studied of which are the roles of TLQP-21 in the control of appetite and inflammation, ^{[8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]} and TLQP-62 as well as AQEE-30 in regulating depression-like behaviors ^{[16] [17] [18] [19] [20]} and memory. ^{[21] [22]} The expression of VGF and VGF-derived peptides is detected in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems and specific populations of endocrine cells in the adenohypophysis, adrenal medulla, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. ^[23] VGF expression is induced by NGF, CREB and BDNF and regulated by neurotrophin-3. ^[24] Physical exercise significantly increases VGF expression in mice hippocampal tissue and upregulates a neurotrophic signaling cascade thought to underlie the action of antidepressants. ^{[16] [25] [26] [27]}

Role in pathology

Changes in expression of discrete VGF fragments have been detected in different neurological and psychiatric conditions. In schizophrenia, one study has shown an increase in the VGF23-62 peptide ^[28] and a subsequent small study demonstrated that drugs further increase the expression, pointing at a possible ameliorating action of the fragment. A decreased expression of VGF26-62 peptide was found in frontotemporal dementia ^[29] and the expression of a fragment containing aminoacids 378-398 was found to be changing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ^[30] and Alzheimer's disease. ^[31] VGF expression has also been shown in damaged peripheral nerves, and it is thought to have a role in neuropathic pain. ^[32] In glioblastoma, VGF has been shown to play autocrine and paracrine roles in feedback loops between differentiated glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma-specific cancer stem cells, promoting growth, survival and self-renewal. ^[33]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128564 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037428 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Hahm S, Mizuno TM, Wu TJ, Wisor JP, Priest CA, Kozak CA, Boozer CN, Peng B, McEvoy RC, Good P, Kelley KA, Takahashi JS, Pintar JE, Roberts JL, Mobbs CV, Salton SR (July 1999). "Targeted deletion of the Vgf gene indicates that the encoded secretory peptide precursor plays a novel role in the regulation of energy balance". Neuron. 23 (3): 537–48. doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80806-5 . PMID   10433265. S2CID   17096284.
6. Alder J, Thakker-Varia S, Bangasser DA, Kuroiwa M, Plummer MR, Shors TJ, Black IB (November 2003). "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced gene expression reveals novel actions of VGF in hippocampal synaptic plasticity". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (34): 10800–8. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10800.2003. PMC   3374594 . PMID   14645472.
7. Levi A, Eldridge JD, Paterson BM (July 1985). "Molecular cloning of a gene sequence regulated by nerve growth factor". Science. 229 (4711): 393–5. Bibcode:1985Sci...229..393L. doi:10.1126/science.3839317. PMID   3839317.
8. Bartolomucci A, La Corte G, Possenti R, Locatelli V, Rigamonti AE, Torsello A, Bresciani E, Bulgarelli I, Rizzi R, Pavone F, D'Amato FR, Severini C, Mignogna G, Giorgi A, Schininà ME, Elia G, Brancia C, Ferri GL, Conti R, Ciani B, Pascucci T, Dell'Omo G, Muller EE, Levi A, Moles A (September 2006). "TLQP-21, a VGF-derived peptide, increases energy expenditure and prevents the early phase of diet-induced obesity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (39): 14584–9. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10314584B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0606102103 . PMC   1600003 . PMID   16983076.
9. Rizzi R, Bartolomucci A, Moles A, D'Amato F, Sacerdote P, Levi A, La Corte G, Ciotti MT, Possenti R, Pavone F (August 2008). "The VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21: a new modulatory peptide for inflammatory pain". Neuroscience Letters. 441 (1): 129–33. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.018. PMID   18586396. S2CID   207127085.
10. Bartolomucci A, Moles A, Levi A, Possenti R (September 2008). "Pathophysiological role of TLQP-21: gastrointestinal and metabolic functions". Eating and Weight Disorders. 13 (3): e49-54. PMID   19011364.
11. Zhao Z, Lange DJ, Ho L, Bonini S, Shao B, Salton SR, Thomas S, Pasinetti GM (April 2008). "Vgf is a novel biomarker associated with muscle weakness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with a potential role in disease pathogenesis". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 5 (2): 92–9. doi:10.7150/ijms.5.92. PMC   2323610 . PMID   18432310.
12. Bartolomucci A, Possenti R, Levi A, Pavone F, Moles A (November 2007). "The role of the vgf gene and VGF-derived peptides in nutrition and metabolism". Genes & Nutrition. 2 (2): 169–80. doi:10.1007/s12263-007-0047-0. PMC   2474945 . PMID   18850173.
13. D'Amato F, Noli B, Brancia C, Cocco C, Flore G, Collu M, Nicolussi P, Ferri GL (May 2008). "Differential distribution of VGF-derived peptides in the adrenal medulla and evidence for their selective modulation". The Journal of Endocrinology. 197 (2): 359–69. doi: 10.1677/JOE-07-0346 . PMID   18434366.
14. Jethwa PH, Ebling FJ (2008). "Role of VGF-derived peptides in the control of food intake, body weight and reproduction". Neuroendocrinology. 88 (2): 80–7. doi:10.1159/000127319. PMID   18408361. S2CID   207626224.
15. Bartolomucci A, Bresciani E, Bulgarelli I, Rigamonti AE, Pascucci T, Levi A, Possenti R, Torsello A, Locatelli V, Muller EE, Moles A (March 2009). "Chronic intracerebroventricular injection of TLQP-21 prevents high fat diet induced weight gain in fast weight-gaining mice". Genes & Nutrition. 4 (1): 49–57. doi:10.1007/s12263-009-0110-0. PMC   2654049 . PMID   19247701.
16. Hunsberger JG, Newton SS, Bennett AH, Duman CH, Russell DS, Salton SR, Duman RS (December 2007). "Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF". Nature Medicine. 13 (12): 1476–82. doi:10.1038/nm1669. PMID   18059283. S2CID   17245049.
17. Thakker-Varia S, Krol JJ, Nettleton J, Bilimoria PM, Bangasser DA, Shors TJ, Black IB, Alder J (November 2007). "The neuropeptide VGF produces antidepressant-like behavioral effects and enhances proliferation in the hippocampus". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (45): 12156–67. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1898-07.2007. PMC   3363962 . PMID   17989282.
18. Thakker-Varia S, Alder J (February 2009). "Neuropeptides in depression: role of VGF". Behavioural Brain Research. 197 (2): 262–78. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.006. PMC   2648305 . PMID   18983874.
19. Jiang C, Lin WJ, Sadahiro M, Labonté B, Menard C, Pfau ML, Tamminga CA, Turecki G, Nestler EJ, Russo SJ, Salton SR (November 2017). "VGF function in depression and antidepressant efficacy". Molecular Psychiatry. 23 (7): 1632–1642. doi:10.1038/mp.2017.233. PMC   5962361 . PMID   29158577.
20. Jiang, Cheng; Lin, Wei-Jye; Labonté, Benoit; Tamminga, Carol A.; Turecki, Gustavo; Nestler, Eric J.; Russo, Scott J.; Salton, Stephen R. (2018-11-20). "VGF and its C-terminal peptide TLQP-62 in ventromedial prefrontal cortex regulate depression-related behaviors and the response to ketamine". Neuropsychopharmacology. 44 (5): 971–981. doi: 10.1038/s41386-018-0277-4 . ISSN   1740-634X. PMC   6462025 . PMID   30504797.
21. Bozdagi O, Rich E, Tronel S, Sadahiro M, Patterson K, Shapiro ML, Alberini CM, Huntley GW, Salton SR (September 2008). "The neurotrophin-inducible gene Vgf regulates hippocampal function and behavior through a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent mechanism". The Journal of Neuroscience. 28 (39): 9857–69. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3145-08.2008. PMC   2820295 . PMID   18815270.
22. Lin WJ, Jiang C, Sadahiro M, Bozdagi O, Vulchanova L, Alberini CM, Salton SR (July 2015). "VGF and Its C-Terminal Peptide TLQP-62 Regulate Memory Formation in Hippocampus via a BDNF-TrkB-Dependent Mechanism". The Journal of Neuroscience. 35 (28): 10343–56. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0584-15.2015. PMC   4502270 . PMID   26180209.
23. Levi A, Ferri GL, Watson E, Possenti R, Salton SR (August 2004). "Processing, distribution, and function of VGF, a neuronal and endocrine peptide precursor". Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 24 (4): 517–33. doi:10.1023/B:CEMN.0000023627.79947.22. PMC   11529936 . PMID   15233376. S2CID   36298228.
24. Mandolesi G, Gargano S, Pennuto M, Illi B, Molfetta R, Soucek L, Mosca L, Levi A, Jucker R, Nasi S (January 2002). "NGF-dependent and tissue-specific transcription of vgf is regulated by a CREB-p300 and bHLH factor interaction". FEBS Letters. 510 (1–2): 50–6. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03227-6 . PMID   11755530. S2CID   19320196.
25. Thakker-Varia S, Krol JJ, Nettleton J, Bilimoria PM, Bangasser DA, Shors TJ, Black IB, Alder J (November 2007). "The neuropeptide VGF produces antidepressant-like behavioral effects and enhances proliferation in the hippocampus". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (45): 12156–67. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1898-07.2007. PMC   3363962 . PMID   17989282.
26. Malberg JE, Monteggia LM (May 2008). "VGF, a new player in antidepressant action?". Science Signaling. 1 (18): pe19. doi:10.1126/stke.118pe19. PMC   2745068 . PMID   18460680.
27. Thakker-Varia S, Alder J (February 2009). "Neuropeptides in depression: role of VGF". Behavioural Brain Research. 197 (2): 262–78. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.006. PMC   2648305 . PMID   18983874.
28. Huang JT, Leweke FM, Oxley D, Wang L, Harris N, Koethe D, Gerth CW, Nolden BM, Gross S, Schreiber D, Reed B, Bahn S (November 2006). "Disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with first-onset psychosis". PLOS Medicine. 3 (11): e428. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030428 . PMC   1630717 . PMID   17090210.
29. Rüetschi U, Zetterberg H, Podust VN, Gottfries J, Li S, Hviid Simonsen A, McGuire J, Karlsson M, Rymo L, Davies H, Minthon L, Blennow K (December 2005). "Identification of CSF biomarkers for frontotemporal dementia using SELDI-TOF". Experimental Neurology. 196 (2): 273–81. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.08.002. PMID   16154129. S2CID   23401973.
30. Ranganathan S, Williams E, Ganchev P, Gopalakrishnan V, Lacomis D, Urbinelli L, Newhall K, Cudkowicz ME, Brown RH, Bowser R (December 2005). "Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid identifies biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Journal of Neurochemistry. 95 (5): 1461–71. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03478.x. PMC   1540444 . PMID   16313519. free full text
31. Carrette O, Demalte I, Scherl A, Yalkinoglu O, Corthals G, Burkhard P, Hochstrasser DF, Sanchez JC (August 2003). "A panel of cerebrospinal fluid potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease". Proteomics. 3 (8): 1486–94. doi:10.1002/pmic.200300470. PMID   12923774. S2CID   25445068.
32. Moss A, Ingram R, Koch S, Theodorou A, Low L, Baccei M, Hathway GJ, Costigan M, Salton SR, Fitzgerald M (December 2008). "Origins, actions and dynamic expression patterns of the neuropeptide VGF in rat peripheral and central sensory neurones following peripheral nerve injury". Molecular Pain. 4: 1744-8069 –4-62. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-4-62 . PMC   2614976 . PMID   19077191.
33. Wang X, Prager BC, Wu Q, Kim LJY, Gimple RC, Shi Y, et al. (April 2018). "Reciprocal Signaling between Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Differentiated Tumor Cells Promotes Malignant Progression". Cell Stem Cell. 22 (4): 514–528.e5. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.011. PMC   5947947 . PMID   29625067.