VGF

Last updated
VGF
Identifiers
Aliases VGF , SCG7, SgVII, VGF nerve growth factor inducible
External IDs OMIM: 602186 MGI: 1343180 HomoloGene: 2536 GeneCards: VGF
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

7425

381677

Ensembl

ENSG00000128564

ENSMUSG00000037428

UniProt

O15240

Q0VGU4

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_003378

NM_001039385

RefSeq (protein)

NP_003369

NP_001034474

Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 101.16 – 101.17 Mb Chr 5: 137.06 – 137.06 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

VGF or VGF nerve growth factor inducible is a secreted protein and neuropeptide precursor that may play a role in regulating energy homeostasis, metabolism [5] and synaptic plasticity. [6] The protein was first discovered in 1985 by Levi et al. [7] in an experiment with PC12 cells and its name is non-acronymic. VGF gene encodes a precursor which is divided by proteolysis to polypeptides of different mass, which have a variety of functions, the best studied of which are the roles of TLQP-21 in the control of appetite and inflammation, [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] and TLQP-62 as well as AQEE-30 in regulating depression-like behaviors [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] and memory. [21] [22] The expression of VGF and VGF-derived peptides is detected in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems and specific populations of endocrine cells in the adenohypophysis, adrenal medulla, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. [23] VGF expression is induced by NGF, CREB and BDNF and regulated by neurotrophin-3. [24] Physical exercise significantly increases VGF expression in mice hippocampal tissue and upregulates a neurotrophic signaling cascade thought to underlie the action of antidepressants. [16] [25] [26] [27]

Role in pathology

Changes in expression of discrete VGF fragments have been detected in different neurological and psychiatric conditions. In schizophrenia, one study has shown an increase in the VGF23-62 peptide [28] and a subsequent small study demonstrated that drugs further increase the expression, pointing at a possible ameliorating action of the fragment. A decreased expression of VGF26-62 peptide was found in frontotemporal dementia [29] and the expression of a fragment containing aminoacids 378-398 was found to be changing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [30] and Alzheimer's disease. [31] VGF expression has also been shown in damaged peripheral nerves, and it is thought to have a role in neuropathic pain. [32] In glioblastoma, VGF has been shown to play autocrine and paracrine roles in feedback loops between differentiated glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma-specific cancer stem cells, promoting growth, survival and self-renewal. [33]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Substance P</span> Chemical compound (polypeptide neurotransmitter)

Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide and a member of the tachykinin neuropeptide family. It is a neuropeptide, acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator. Substance P and its closely related neurokinin A (NKA) are produced from a polyprotein precursor after differential splicing of the preprotachykinin A gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of substance P is as follows:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CREB</span> Class of proteins

CREB-TF is a cellular transcription factor. It binds to certain DNA sequences called cAMP response elements (CRE), thereby increasing or decreasing the transcription of the genes. CREB was first described in 1987 as a cAMP-responsive transcription factor regulating the somatostatin gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arcuate nucleus</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide</span> Peptides released by neurons as intercellular messengers

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide Y</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agouti-related peptide</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Agouti-related protein (AgRP), also called agouti-related peptide, is a neuropeptide produced in the brain by the AgRP/NPY neuron. It is synthesized in neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing cell bodies located in the ventromedial part of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. AgRP is co-expressed with NPY and acts to increase appetite and decrease metabolism and energy expenditure. It is one of the most potent and long-lasting of appetite stimulators. In humans, the agouti-related peptide is encoded by the AGRP gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FMRFamide</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tachykinin peptides</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calcitonin gene-related peptide</span> Peptide hormone in animals

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a member of the calcitonin family of peptides consisting of calcitonin, amylin, adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin) and calcitonin‑receptor‑stimulating peptide. Calcitonin is mainly produced by thyroid C cells whilst CGRP is secreted and stored in the nervous system. This peptide, in humans, exists in two forms: CGRP alpha, and CGRP beta. α-CGRP is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide and is formed by alternative splicing of the calcitonin/CGRP gene located on chromosome 11. β-CGRP is less studied. In humans, β-CGRP differs from α-CGRP by three amino acids and is encoded in a separate, nearby gene. The CGRP family includes calcitonin (CT), adrenomedullin (AM), and amylin (AMY).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neurotensin</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galanin</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript</span> Neuropeptide protein

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide Y receptor Y5</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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TLQP-62 (amino acid 556-617) is a VGF-derived C-terminal peptide that was first discovered by Trani et al. TLQP-62 is derived from VGF precursor protein via proteolytic cleavage by prohormone convertases PC1/3 at the RPR555 site. TLQP-62 is named after its first four N-terminal amino acids and its peptide length.

References

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  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037428 - Ensembl, May 2017
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