Neuropeptide S

Last updated

NPS
Identifiers
Aliases NPS , neuropeptide S
External IDs OMIM: 609513; MGI: 3642232; HomoloGene: 106066; GeneCards: NPS; OMA:NPS - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

594857

100043254

Ensembl

ENSG00000214285

ENSMUSG00000073804

UniProt

P0C0P6

P0C0P8

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001030013

NM_001163611

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001025184

NP_001157083

Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 127.55 – 127.55 Mb Chr 7: 134.86 – 134.87 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide found in human and mammalian brain, mainly produced by neurons in the amygdala and between Barrington's nucleus and the locus coeruleus, although NPS-responsive neurons extend projections into many other brain areas. [5] [6] [7] NPS binds specifically to a G protein-coupled receptor, NPSR. [8] [9] Animal studies show that NPS suppresses anxiety and appetite, induces wakefulness [10] and hyperactivity, including hyper-sexuality, and plays a significant role in the extinction of conditioned fear. [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] It has also been shown to significantly enhance dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway, [17] and inhibits motility and increases permeability in neurocrine fashion acting through NO in the myenteric plexus in rats and humans. [18]

Contents

Synthetic ligands

The non-peptide NPS receptor antagonist SHA-68 blocks the effects of NPS in animals and is anxiogenic. [19] Several peptide derived NPS agonists and antagonists have also been developed. [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]

Peptide sequence

Below are the sequences of mature neuropeptide S in several representative species in which it is expressed:

Neuropeptide S
Identifiers
SymbolNeuropeptide_S
Pfam PF14993
InterPro IPR028138
Available protein structures:
Pfam   structures / ECOD  
PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum structure summary
speciessequenceMW
humanSFRNGVGTGMKKTSFQRAKS2187.5
ratSFRNGVGSGVKKTSFRRAKQ2210.5
mouseSFRNGVGSGAKKTSFRRAKQ2182.5
dog, chimpSFRNGVGTGMKKTSFRRAKS2215.6
chickenSFRNGVGSGIKKTSFRRAKS2183.5
consensusSFRNGVGxGXKKTSFxRAKxN/A

According to Pfam's HMM logo, there is a conserved "KR" cleave site immediately N-terminal to the C-terminal mature peptide.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000214285 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000073804 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Xu YL, Gall CM, Jackson VR, Civelli O, Reinscheid RK (Jan 2007). "Distribution of neuropeptide S receptor mRNA and neurochemical characteristics of neuropeptide S-expressing neurons in the rat brain". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 500 (1): 84–102. doi:10.1002/cne.21159. PMID   17099900. S2CID   23864785.
  6. ↑ Jüngling K, Seidenbecher T, Sosulina L, Lesting J, Sangha S, Clark SD, et al. (Jul 2008). "Neuropeptide S-mediated control of fear expression and extinction: role of intercalated GABAergic neurons in the amygdala". Neuron. 59 (2): 298–310. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.002. PMC   2610688 . PMID   18667157.
  7. ↑ Meis S, Bergado-Acosta JR, Yanagawa Y, Obata K, Stork O, Munsch T (2008). Grothe B (ed.). "Identification of a neuropeptide S responsive circuitry shaping amygdala activity via the endopiriform nucleus". PLOS ONE. 3 (7) e2695. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2695M. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002695 . PMC   2442874 . PMID   18628994. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  8. ↑ Reinscheid RK, Xu YL (Dec 2005). "Neuropeptide S and its receptor: a newly deorphanized G protein-coupled receptor system". The Neuroscientist. 11 (6): 532–8. doi:10.1177/1073858405276405. PMID   16282594. S2CID   30579961.
  9. ↑ Reinscheid RK (2008). "Neuropeptide S: Anatomy, Pharmacology, Genetics and Physiological Functions". Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Novel Neuropeptides. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. Vol. 46. pp. 145–58. doi:10.1007/400_2007_051. ISBN   978-3-540-78350-3. PMID   18204825.
  10. ↑ Chauveau F, Claverie D, Lardant E, Varin C, Hardy E, Walter A, et al. (January 2020). "Neuropeptide S promotes wakefulness through the inhibition of sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic nucleus neurons" (PDF). Sleep. 43 (1). doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz189. PMID   31403694.
  11. ↑ Xu YL, Reinscheid RK, Huitron-Resendiz S, Clark SD, Wang Z, Lin SH, et al. (Aug 2004). "Neuropeptide S: a neuropeptide promoting arousal and anxiolytic-like effects". Neuron. 43 (4): 487–97. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.005 . PMID   15312648. S2CID   15601843.
  12. ↑ Reinscheid RK, Xu YL (Nov 2005). "Neuropeptide S as a novel arousal promoting peptide transmitter". The FEBS Journal. 272 (22): 5689–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04982.x . PMID   16279934. S2CID   42586325.
  13. ↑ Okamura N, Reinscheid RK (Aug 2007). "Neuropeptide S: a novel modulator of stress and arousal". Stress. 10 (3): 221–6. doi:10.1080/10253890701248673. PMID   17613937. S2CID   39068808.
  14. ↑ Leonard SK, Dwyer JM, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Platt B, Logue SF, Neal SJ, et al. (May 2008). "Pharmacology of neuropeptide S in mice: therapeutic relevance to anxiety disorders". Psychopharmacology. 197 (4): 601–11. doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1080-4. PMID   18311561. S2CID   21120092.
  15. ↑ Rizzi A, Vergura R, Marzola G, Ruzza C, Guerrini R, Salvadori S, et al. (May 2008). "Neuropeptide S is a stimulatory anxiolytic agent: a behavioural study in mice". British Journal of Pharmacology. 154 (2): 471–9. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.96. PMC   2442439 . PMID   18376418.
  16. ↑ Vitale G, Filaferro M, Ruggieri V, Pennella S, Frigeri C, Rizzi A, et al. (Dec 2008). "Anxiolytic-like effect of neuropeptide S in the rat defensive burying". Peptides. 29 (12): 2286–91. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.08.014. hdl: 11380/610466 . PMID   18793688. S2CID   207356961.
  17. 1 2 Mochizuki T, Kim J, Sasaki K (May 2010). "Microinjection of neuropeptide S into the rat ventral tegmental area induces hyperactivity and increases extracellular levels of dopamine metabolites in the nucleus accumbens shell". Peptides. 31 (5): 926–31. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.02.006. PMID   20156501. S2CID   19981059.
  18. ↑ Wan Saudi WS, Halim MA, Rudholm-Feldreich T, Gillberg L, Rosenqvist E, Tengholm A, et al. (Oct 2015). "Neuropeptide S inhibits gastrointestinal motility and increases mucosal permeability through nitric oxide". Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 309 (9): G625-34. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00104.2015 . PMID   26206857. S2CID   5560949.
  19. ↑ Okamura N, Habay SA, Zeng J, Chamberlin AR, Reinscheid RK (Jun 2008). "Synthesis and pharmacological in vitro and in vivo profile of 3-oxo-1,1-diphenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazine-7-carboxylic acid 4-fluoro-benzylamide (SHA 68), a selective antagonist of the neuropeptide S receptor". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 325 (3): 893–901. doi:10.1124/jpet.107.135103. PMC   2583099 . PMID   18337476.
  20. ↑ Roth AL, Marzola E, Rizzi A, Arduin M, Trapella C, Corti C, et al. (Jul 2006). "Structure-activity studies on neuropeptide S: identification of the amino acid residues crucial for receptor activation" (PDF). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (30): 20809–16. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M601846200 . PMID   16720571. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2024.
  21. ↑ Camarda V, Trapella C, Calo G, Guerrini R, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, et al. (Feb 2008). "Synthesis and biological activity of human neuropeptide S analogues modified in position 2". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 51 (3): 655–8. doi:10.1021/jm701204n. PMID   18181564.
  22. ↑ Camarda V, Trapella C, Calo' G, Guerrini R, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, et al. (Oct 2008). "Structure-activity study at positions 3 and 4 of human neuropeptide S". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 16 (19): 8841–5. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.073. PMID   18793857.
  23. ↑ Guerrini R, Camarda V, Trapella C, Calò G, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, et al. (Jan 2009). "Synthesis and biological activity of human neuropeptide S analogues modified in position 5: identification of potent and pure neuropeptide S receptor antagonists". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 52 (2): 524–9. doi:10.1021/jm8012294. PMC   2653091 . PMID   19113861.
  24. ↑ Camarda V, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, Zucchini S, Marzola G, Marzola E, et al. (Feb 2009). "In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the neuropeptide s receptor antagonist [D-Cys(tBu)5]neuropeptide S". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 328 (2): 549–55. doi:10.1124/jpet.108.143867. PMC   2630366 . PMID   18971372.
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