高鶚,c. 1738 –c. 1815) was a Qing dynasty Chinese scholar,writer,and editor. He attained the degree of juren in 1788 and jinshi in 1795. A Han Chinese who belonged to the Bordered Yellow Banner,he became a Fellow of the Hanlin Academy in 1801. His courtesy name was Yunfu (雲甫) and art name Lanshu (蘭塾,"Orchid Study-Place").
In 1791,together with his partner Cheng Weiyuan (程偉元),he "recovered" the last forty chapters of Cao Xueqin's monumental novel Dream of the Red Chamber (sometimes called The Story of the Stone). The nature and extent of his contributions to the work and the sources of his material are a matter of controversy,but it is believed by a large number of modern orthodox Redologists that the last forty chapters were not written by Cao Xueqin. [1] He also edited the first eighty chapters together with Cheng.
In 1921,Hu Shih proposed that the last forty chapters of Dream of the Red Chamber were written by Gao E himself. His proposition was accepted by many orthodox Redologist scholars such as Zhou Ruchang. Gao and Cheng's continuation is believed by some as a conspiracy by the Qing dynasty imperial court to hide the semi-autobiographical nature of the novel,which involves the politics of the Yongzheng era. [2] During the mid-20th century,the discovery of a pre-1791 "120 chapter manuscript" complicated the questions regarding Gao's involvement. Irene Eber found the discovered manuscript "seems to confirm Cheng and Gao's claim that they merely edited a complete manuscript,consisting of 120 chapters,rather than actually writing a portion of the novel." [3]
Dream of the Red Chamber or The Story of the Stone is an 18th-century Chinese novel authored by Cao Xueqin,considered to be one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. It is known for its psychological scope and its observation of the worldview,aesthetics,lifestyles,and social relations of High Qing China.
Cao Xueqin;was a Chinese novelist and poet during the Qing dynasty. He is best known as the author of Dream of the Red Chamber,one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. His given name was Cáo Zhān(曹霑) and his courtesy name was Mengruan.
Redology is the academic study of Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber,one of the Four Great Classical Novels of China. There are numerous researchers in this field;most can be divided into four general groups:the first group are the commentators,such as Zhou Chun,Xu Fengyi,Chen Yupi,and others;the second group is the index group,which includes Wang Mengruan and Cai Yuanpei;the third group are the textual critics,including Hu Shih and Yu Pingbo;the final group are the literary critics,including Zhou Ruchang and Li Xifan.
Yue Jin,courtesy name Wenqian,was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was noted as much for his short stature as for his valour and ferocity on the battlefield. Yue Jin participated in most of Cao Cao's early military exploits,and gained multiple successes in the campaigns against LüBu,Liu Bei,remnants of the Yellow Turban rebels,and Yuan Shao and his associates. He was particularly praised as a capable vanguard,but his most famed accomplishment came with his supporting role in the defence of Hefei against Sun Quan's forces at the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford of 214–215.
Xue Baochai is one of the principal characters in the classic 18th century Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Described as extremely beautiful and socially graceful,her attributes complement those of her cousin Lin Daiyu. Indeed,it has been suggested that the two women are complements of one another –each has exactly the attributes of Cao Xueqin's ideal woman which the other lacks.
Yang Yin (楊愔),courtesy name Zhunyan (遵彦),nickname Qinwang (秦王),was a high-level official of the Chinese Northern Qi dynasty.
Yu Pingbo,original name Yu Mingheng (俞銘衡) and courtesy name Pingbo (平伯),was a Chinese essayist,poet,historian,redologist,and literary critic.
The 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1997 to 2002. The 14th Central Committee preceded it. It was followed by the 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. This was the first Central Committee that current CCP general secretary Xi Jinping was elected to,as an alternative member.
The 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1992 to 1997. It held seven plenary sessions. It was preceded by the 13th Central Committee. It was elected by the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and in turn elected the 14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party.
Jia Tanchun is the younger half-sister of Jia Baoyu and a major character in the 18th century Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber. She is the daughter of Jia Zheng and his concubine,Concubine Zhao. Tanchun is a very clever and capable person,once temporarily managing all household and economical affairs of the Rongguo Mansion when Wang Xifeng had a miscarriage. Despite this achievement,however,the fact she is the daughter of a concubine is still such a burden that she often claims Lady Wang,Baoyu's mother,as her own. Tanchun is also the "founder" of the White Crabapple Poetry Club,a private poetry club for the residents of Prospect Garden.
Dream of the Red Chamber,first released in 1987,is a television series produced by CCTV adapted from the classic 18th century Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber. It gained enormous popularity for its music,cast,and plot adaptation. It was first filmed in Beijing in Mandarin,then the series was dubbed in Cantonese and Shanghainese. The series is 36 episodes long.
Zhiyanzhai was the pseudonym of an early and mysterious commentator of the 18th-century Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber. This person was a contemporary of the author Cao Xueqin who knew the author intimately enough to be regarded as the chief commentator of his work while it was still unpublished. Most early hand-copied manuscripts of the novel contain red or black-inked commentaries by a few unknown commentators,considered authoritative enough to be transcribed by scribes into subsequent generations of copies. Zhiyanzhai was the most prominent of these commentators. Early copies of Dream were known as 脂硯齋重評石頭記. These versions are known as 脂本,or "Rouge Versions",in Chinese. They are the manuscripts with the highest textual reliability.
The Dream of Red Mansions is a 2010 Chinese television series,produced by Han Sanping and directed by Fifth Generation director Li Shaohong. It is a new adaptation of the classic 18th century novel Dream of the Red Chamber. The series,comprising 50 episodes,made its debut on 6 July 2010 on 9 terrestrial networks across China.
In the study of the classic Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber,the Cheng-Gao versions or Cheng-Gao editions (程高本) refer to two illustrated,woodblock print editions of the book,published in 1791 and 1792,both entitled The Illustrated Dream of the Red Chamber (绣像红楼梦). The 1791 version,produced at the year's end,was the novel's earliest print edition. A revised edition,differing in minor details,was published less than eighty days after the first print edition in early 1792. Both editions were edited by Cheng Weiyuan (程伟元) and Gao E and were published by Suzhou's Cuiwen Book House (萃文书屋).
Odd Tablet,or more literally,Elderly Maimed Tablet (畸笏叟),was a mysterious commentator of the 18th-century Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber. He sometimes signed himself as merely 畸笏. Together with Zhiyanzhai,they were regarded as the two most significant commentators of the Rouge manuscripts. Apparently quite old and an elder,his comments,like Zhiyanzhai's,were often also in red ink in some Rouge manuscripts.
Zhou Ruchang,was a Chinese writer noted for his study of the novel Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin. He is regarded as among the most renowned and influential redologists of the 20th century. In addition,Zhou was also an accomplished calligrapher and expert on traditional Chinese poetry and fiction.
Andrew Henry Plaks is an American sinologist who specializes in the study of the vernacular fiction of the Ming and Qing dynasties. From 1973 to 2007,he taught at Princeton University,becoming full professor in 1980. He moved to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2007,where he became Professor of East Asian Studies.
Yan Qingyu is a Chinese actress best known for her roles in Divorce Contract (1990),Keeping Moon at Heart (2000),The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber (2003) and The Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (2013).
Aisin Gioro Hongxiao(Chinese :怡僖親王弘曉,Manchu:ᡥᡡᠩᡥᡳᠶᠣᡠ,hūng hiyoo;3 May 1722 –11 May 1778) was Qing dynasty imperial prince as the seventh son of Yinxiang,Prince Yixian of the First Rank,paternal cousin of the Qianlong Emperor and Kangxi Emperor's grandson. The second in the Prince Yi of the First Rank lineage,Hongxiao became famous through his poetry and relationship with Cao Xueqin,one of the most famous Chinese writers.
Nanjing Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall is a memorial hall located in Gulou District,Nanjing. It commemorates the writer Cao Xueqin. The memorial hall is a retro-style building. In the middle of the hall is a statue of Cao Xueqin more than two meters high. The museum contains various versions of the ancient version of the Dream of the Red Chamber and the director of the Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Painting. Three sets of "Jinling Twelve Hairpins" paintings created by Zhao Xucheng and others. At the third annual meeting of Dream of Red Mansions held in Yangzhou in November 1985,Kuang Yaming,honorary president of the Society of Dreams of Red Mansions,and scholar Zhou Ruchang,and others called for the establishment of the Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall in Jiangning Weaving Mansion,which was later changed to Wulongtan in Caozhai Bieyuan due to land approval issues. Suiyuan in the park was built and officially opened in September 1997.
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