German auxiliary cruiser Widder

Widder's sister ship Nordmark
History
Germany
Name	Neumark
Namesake	Neumark
Owner	HAPAG
Port of registry	Hamburg
Builder	Howaldtswerke, Kiel
Yard number	695
Launched	21 December 1929
Completed	1930
Fate	Requisitioned 1939
Nazi Germany
Namesake	Aries
Operator	Kriegsmarine
Builder	Blohm+Voss
Yard number	3
Acquired	1939
Commissioned	9 December 1939
Decommissioned	1941
Renamed	Widder, 1939 Neumark, 1940
Reclassified	Auxiliary cruiser, 1939
Homeport	Kiel
Identification	HSK-3 Schiff-21 Raider D
Fate	War reparation to the UK
United Kingdom
Namesake	Ulysses
Port of registry	London
Acquired	circa 1945
Renamed	Ulysses
Identification	UK official number 10773
Fate	Sold 1951
West Germany
Namesake	Fechenheim
Port of registry	Bremen
Acquired	1951
Renamed	Fechenheim
Fate	Wrecked near Bergen, 1955
General characteristics
Type	cargo ship
Tonnage	7,851  GRT, 4,168  NRT
Displacement	16,800 tons
Length	499 ft (152 m) overall 477.0 ft (145.4 m) registered
Beam	63.1 ft (19.2 m)
Draught	27 ft (8.3 m)
Depth	28.3 ft (8.6 m)
Decks	2
Installed power	6,200 hp (4,600 kW)
Propulsion	1 × screw 1930: 4 × turbines; single-reduction gears 1954: two-stroke diesel engine
Speed	14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Range	34,000 nmi (63,000 km; 39,000 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Endurance	141 days
Complement	364
Sensors and processing systems	wireless direction finding
Armament	6 × 15 cm (5.9 in) SK L/45 1 × 75 mm (3 in) gun 1 × twin 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 2 × twin 2 cm (0.79 in) FlaK 30 4 × 53.3 cm torpedo tubes 92 × mines
Aircraft carried	2 × Heinkel He 114B

Widder (HSK 3) was an auxiliary cruiser (Hilfskreuzer) of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that was used as a merchant raider in the Second World War. Her Kriegsmarine designation was Schiff 21, to the Royal Navy she was Raider D. The name Widder (Ram) represents the constellation Aries in German.

Early history

Built at Howaldtswerke, Kiel, she was launched in 1929 as the cargo ship Neumark for the Hamburg America Line (HAPAG). In 1939 the Kriegsmarine requisitioned her for use as a commerce raider. She was converted by Blohm+Voss in late 1939, and commissioned as the raider Widder on 9 December of that year. She sailed on her first and only raiding voyage in May 1940.

Raider voyage

Widder sailed as part of the Kriegsmarine's first wave of commerce raiders, sailing on 6 May 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitän (later Fregattenkapitän ) Helmuth von Ruckteschell.

Leaving Germany on 6 May 1940, she made for Bergen, in Norway. On 13 May Widder encountered the British submarine HMS Clyde on the surface, exchanging gunfire for more than an hour, with no hits for either side. After the engagement, the cruiser sheltered in Sandsfjord. On 14 May she put to sea, crossing the Arctic Circle the next day. On 21 August 1940, 800 miles west of the Canary Islands, she sank Anglo Saxon, which had been carrying coal from Newport, Wales, to Bahía Blanca, Argentina. After refuelling from the auxiliary ship Nordmark, she slipped through the Denmark Strait. Over a 5½ month period she captured and sank ten ships, totalling 58,644  GRT.

Widder was reported to have machine-gunned the crew of Anglo Saxon in their lifeboats. One jolly boat with seven crewmen survived. Over two months later, on 27 October, the last two survivors in the boat landed in the Bahamas after a 2,275-mile voyage. One of the two was killed when his next ship was torpedoed in 1941. The other survived the war and testified against von Ruckteschell, who was sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment for war crimes. He died in prison in 1948.

Having completed her mission, she returned to occupied France on 31 October 1940.

Later history

Deemed unsuitable as a merchant raider due to persistent drive problems, Widder was re-christened Neumark, and used as a repair ship in Norway, playing a major role in repairing the battleship Tirpitz in 1943–44. After the war she was taken into British merchant service as Ulysses, then sold back to Germany as Fechenheim in 1951. She was converted into a motor ship in 1954. She was wrecked off Bergen in 1955, and scrapped shortly after.

She was one of only two German auxiliary cruisers to survive the war, after one 1940 cruise. Her captain, Helmuth von Ruckteschell, was one of only two German naval commanders convicted of war crimes at the end of the war.

Raiding career

Date	Ship name	Country	GRT	Fate
13 June 1940	British Petrol	United Kingdom	6,891	Sunk
26 June 1940	Krossfonn	Norway	9,323	Captured
10 July 1940	Davisian	United Kingdom	6,433	Sunk
13 July 1940	King John	United Kingdom	5,228	Sunk
4 August 1940	Beaulieu	Norway	6,114	Sunk
8 August 1940	Oostplein	Netherlands	5,059	Sunk
10 August 1940	Killoran	Finland	1,817	Sunk
21 August 1940	Anglo Saxon	United Kingdom	5,596	Sunk
1 September 1940	Cymbeline	United Kingdom	6,317	Sunk
8 September 1940	Antonios Chandris	Greece	5,866	Sunk

References

• Muggenthaler, August Karl (1977). German Raiders of World War II. London: Pan. ISBN   0-7091-6683-4.
• Roskill, S. W. (1957) [1954]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). The Defensive. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series: The War at Sea 1939–1945. Vol. I (4th impr. ed.). London: HMSO. OCLC   881709135.
• Schmalenbach, Paul (1977). German Raiders: A History of Auxiliary Cruisers of the German Navy, 1895–1945. Cambridge: P. Stephens. ISBN   978-0-85-059351-8.

External links

• Hilfskreuzer Widder