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Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals, "Do the Reggay", was the first popular song to use the word reggae, effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as by American jazz and rhythm and blues, and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady. Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political commentary. It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat and the offbeat rhythm section. The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rocksteady; from the latter, reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument.
The music of Jamaica includes Jamaican folk music and many popular genres, such as mento, ska, rocksteady, reggae, dub music, dancehall, reggae fusion and related styles.
Alton Nehemiah Ellis was a Jamaican singer-songwriter. One of the innovators of rocksteady, he was given the informal title "Godfather of Rocksteady". In 2006, he was inducted into the International Reggae And World Music Awards Hall Of Fame.
Kumina is an Afro-Jamaican religion. Kumina has practices that include secular ceremonies, dance and music that developed from the beliefs and traditions brought to the island by Kongo enslaved people and indentured labourers, from the Congo region of West Central Africa, during the post-emancipation era. It is mostly associated with the parish of St. Thomas in the east of the island. However, the practice spread to the parishes of Portland, St. Mary and St. Catherine, and the city of Kingston.
There are several subgenres of reggae music including various predecessors to the form.
Christafari is a Christian reggae band formed in 1989. It is centered on Christ Jesus and follows the personality of ordained minister Mark Mohr, an American, and born-again Christian. Until the age of 17, Mohr was a Rastafarian.
VP Records is an independent Caribbean-owned record label in Queens, New York. The label is known for releasing music by notable artists in reggae, dancehall and soca. VP Records has offices in New York City, Miami, London, Kingston, Tokyo, Johannesburg and Rio de Janeiro. Additionally, the label has established a presence in Toronto, Australia and New Zealand.
Tyrone Thompson, better known as Papa San, is a Jamaican reggae, dancehall and gospel singer.
Highland Ralph Dobson OD was a Jamaican reggae singer and record producer, nicknamed "The Loving Pauper" after one of his best known songs.
Tommy Cowan CD is a producer and singer, initially working in reggae but later concentrating on gospel, who has been involved in the music business since the 1960s. He is also an ordained Gospel minister and a justice of the peace.
The Bogle is a dance move originating from Kingston, Jamaica. The dance gets its name from a dancer named Bogle who danced as part of Kingston's Black Roses crew, who was in turn inspired by Barrington Levy.
Carlene Davis is a Jamaican gospel and reggae singer active since the 1970s. Successful since the early 1980s as a reggae artist, she survived cancer in the mid-1990s, after which she dedicated her career to gospel music. She has released over ten albums.
Cleveland Laing, better known as Lieutenant Stitchie, is a Jamaican deejay who originally worked in the dancehall style but switched to gospel reggae in 1997 after surviving a car crash, thereafter working under the shorter name Stitchie.
Black Scorpio is a Jamaican sound system and record label run by Maurice "Jack Scorpio" Johnson.
Kenneth Lloyd Khouri was a pioneering Jamaican record producer and founder of Federal Records, the first recording studio in Jamaica, which was sold to Bob Marley's Tuff Gong record label in 1981. He is credited by reggae historians for the birth of rocksteady in the 1960s. Rocksteady later mixed with Jamaican mento, a genre in which Khouri also had a pioneering role, leading to the creation of reggae music.
Kerron Ennis Scarlett is a Jamaican gospel reggae singer.
Chevelle Franklyn is a Jamaican reggae and gospel reggae singer.
Fun in the Son, also known as Best Dressed Fun in the Son, is an annual gospel music festival held in Jamaica.
Fredrick “Freddie” McGregor is a Jamaican singer, musician and record producer. His music career began when he was seven years old.
Sherwin Gardner (Arima) is a Trinidadian gospel reggae singer. He is noted for his use of dancehall style and patois.
References
- ↑ Reid, Tyrone S. (2007) "Tommy and Carlene: A Gospel Affair [ permanent dead link ]", Sunday Observer, September 2, 2007, retrieved July 7, 2011
- ↑ Dawes, Mark (2003) "Stitchie Singing a new tune Archived 2012-10-08 at the Wayback Machine ", Jamaica Gleaner , June 10, 2003, retrieved July 7, 2011
- ↑ Moskowitz, David V. (2006) Caribbean Popular Music: an Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-33158-8, p. 261
- ↑ Evans Price, Deborah (2003) "Christafari's Atypical Attraction", Billboard , June 28, 2003, p. 24, retrieved July 7, 2011
- ↑ Jebbinson, Andre (2006) "Lester Lewis pioneer of gospel reggae style", Jamaica Gleaner , December 15, 2006, retrieved July 8, 2011
- ↑ Horton, Chad (May 26, 2012). "Rapzilla.com Interviews Papa San & Tyshane Thompson (Son) Live" (Web). Rapzilla . Retrieved December 17, 2012.
- ↑ Edmonds, Ennis Barrington & Gonzalez, Michelle A. (2010) Caribbean Religious History: An Introduction, New York University Press, ISBN 978-0-8147-2235-0, p. 212
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