Helicobasidium purpureum

Last updated

Helicobasidium purpureum
Wortel violet wortelrot (Helicobasidium brebissonii on Daucus carota).jpg
Helicobasidium purpureum causing violet root rot on carrots
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Pucciniomycetes
Order: Helicobasidiales
Family: Helicobasidiaceae
Genus: Helicobasidium
Species:
H. purpureum
Binomial name
Helicobasidium purpureum
Pat. (1885)
Synonyms

Corticium sanguineum var. lilacinum Quél. (1888)
Helicobasidium brebissonii(Desm.) Donk (1958)
Hypochnus purpureus Tul. (1865)
Protonema brebissoniiDesm. (1834)
Rhizoctonia asparagiFuckel (1870)
Rhizoctonia crocorum(Pers.) DC. (1815)
Rhizoctonia medicaginisDC. (1815)
Rhizoctonia rubiaeM.J. Decne. (1837)
Rhizoctonia violaceaTul. & C. Tul. (1851)
Sclerotium crocorum Pers. (1801)
Stypinella purpurea(Tul.) J. Schröt. (1887)
Thanatophytum crocorum(Pers.) Nees (1816)
Tuber parasiticum Bull. (1791)

Contents

Helicobasidium purpureum is a species of fungus in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are corticioid (patch-forming) and are typically violet to purple. Microscopically they have auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia. [1] Helicobasidium purpureum is an opportunistic plant pathogen and is one of the causes of violet root rot of crops and other plants. DNA sequencing suggests that it is a complex of more than one species. [2] The species has a conidia-bearing anamorph in the Tuberculina persicina complex that is a parasite of rust fungi. [2]

Taxonomy

Helicobasidium purpureum was first described from France in 1885 by French mycologist Narcisse Patouillard to accommodate a species with an effused, purple, corticioid fruit body and unusual curved or helicoid basidia. Patouillard described it as the only species in his new genus Helicobasidium . Patouillard was apparently unaware that Edmond Tulasne had described the same or a similar species under the name Hypochnus purpureus in 1865. Initial molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicates that at least two species occur in the H. purpureum complex in Europe. [2]

Persoon had described a sclerotia-forming anamorph in 1801 as Sclerotium crocorum, moved by de Candolle in 1815 to his new genus Rhizoctonia . Subsequent authors described a number of additional species in Rhizoctonia which are currently considered synonyms of R. crocorum (later called Thanatophytum crocorum). DNA evidence indicates that at least two species occur in the Thanatophytum crocorum complex in Europe, one of which is an anamorph of a species in the H. purpureum complex, the other a species in the Helicobasidium longisporum complex. [2]

The rust parasite Tuberculina persicina is a further anamorph linked to Helicobasidium purpureum, but again represents a complex of at least four species, two of which are linked to H. longisporum. [2]

Description

Basidiocarps are corticioid smooth, membranaceous, purple to purple-brown. Microscopically the hyphae are easily visible, 5–8 μm diam., brownish-purple, and lack clamp connections. Basidia are tubular, curved or crook-shaped, and auricularioid (laterally septate). Basidiospores are oblong and often weakly curved, mostly 8–13 x 4.5–6 μm. [1]

Distribution

Helicobasidium purpureum has been recorded mainly from temperate areas of America, Asia, and Europe. [1] [3] It is reported to cause violet root rot of various crops. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clavulinaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Clavulinaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. The family is not well defined, but currently comprises species of clavarioid fungi as well as some corticioid fungi. These species are nutritionally diverse, some being ectomycorrhizal, others wood-rotting saprotrophs, others lichenized, and yet others lichenicolous.

<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Species of fungus

Rhizoctonia solani is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps are thin, effused, and web-like, but the fungus is more typically encountered in its anamorphic state, as hyphae and sclerotia. The name Rhizoctonia solani is currently applied to a complex of related species that await further research. In its wide sense, Rhizoctonia solani is a facultative plant pathogen with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. It causes various plant diseases such as root rot, damping off, and wire stem. It can also form mycorrhizal associations with orchids.

Helicobasidium longisporum is a species of fungus in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. Basidiocarps are corticioid (patch-forming) and are typically violet to purple. Microscopically they have auricularioid basidia. Helicobasidium longisporum is an opportunistic plant pathogen and is one of the causes of violet root rot of crops and other plants. DNA sequencing suggests that it is a complex of more than one species.

<i>Ceratobasidium cornigerum</i> Species of fungus

Ceratobasidium cornigerum is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps are thin, spread on the substrate out like a film (effused) and web-like. An anamorphic state is frequently obtained when isolates are cultured. Ceratobasidium cornigerum is saprotrophic, but is also a facultative plant pathogen, causing a number of economically important crop diseases, and an orchid endomycorrhizal associate. The species is genetically diverse and is sometimes treated as a complex of closely related taxa. DNA research shows the species actually belongs within the genus Rhizoctonia.

Helicobasidium mompa is a species of fungus in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. Basidiocarps are corticioid (patch-forming) and are typically violet to purple. Microscopically they have auricularioid basidia. Helicobasidium mompa is an opportunistic plant pathogen and is one of the causes of violet root rot of crops and other plants. DNA sequencing suggests that it is a distinct, eastern Asian species.

Rhizoctonia noxia is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps are thin, effused, and web-like. The species is tropical to sub-tropical and is mainly known as a plant pathogen, the causative agent of "kole-roga" or black rot of coffee and various blights of citrus and other trees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Auriculariales</span> Order of fungi

The Auriculariales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. Species within the order were formerly referred to the "heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 200 species are known worldwide, placed in six or more families, though the status of these families is currently uncertain. All species in the Auriculariales are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several Auricularia species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Auriculariaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Auriculariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Species within the family were formerly referred to the "heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 100 species are known worldwide. All are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several Auricularia species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China.

<i>Sebacina</i> Genus of fungi

Sebacina is a genus of fungi in the family Sebacinaceae. Its species are mycorrhizal, forming a range of associations with trees and other plants. Basidiocarps are produced on soil and litter, sometimes partly encrusting stems of living plants. The fruit bodies are cartilaginous to rubbery-gelatinous and variously effused (corticioid) to coral-shaped (clavarioid). The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.

<i>Ceratobasidium</i> Genus of fungi

Ceratobasidium is a genus of fungi in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps are effused and the genus is sometimes grouped among the corticioid fungi, though species also retain features of the heterobasidiomycetes. Anamorphic forms were formerly referred to the genus Ceratorhiza, but this is now considered a synonym of Rhizoctonia. Ceratobasidium species, excluding the type, are also now considered synonymous with Rhizoctonia and some species have been transferred to the latter genus. Species are saprotrophic, but several are also facultative plant pathogens, causing a number of commercially important crop diseases. Some are also endomycorrhizal associates of orchids.

<i>Rhizoctonia</i> Genus of fungi

Rhizoctonia is a genus of fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species form thin, effused, corticioid basidiocarps, but are most frequently found in their sterile, anamorphic state. Rhizoctonia species are saprotrophic, but some are also facultative plant pathogens, causing commercially important crop diseases. Some are also endomycorrhizal associates of orchids. The genus name was formerly used to accommodate many superficially similar, but unrelated fungi.

<i>Helicogloea</i> Genus of fungi

Helicogloea is a genus of fungi in the family Phleogenaceae. Basidiocarps are gelatinous, effused or pustular, and (microscopically) have unclamped hyphae and basidia that are auricularioid. Some species form asexual anamorphs producing conidia. The widespread genus contains more than 20 species.

<i>Helicobasidium</i> Genus of fungi


Helicobasidium is a genus of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. Basidiocarps are corticioid (patch-forming) and are typically violet to purple. Microscopically they have auricularioid basidia. Asexual anamorphs, formerly referred to the genus Thanatophytum, produce sclerotia. Conidia-bearing anamorphs are parasitic on rust fungi and are currently still referred to the genus Tuberculina.

<i>Tuberculina</i> Genus of fungi

Tuberculina is a genus of fungi in the order Helicobasidiales. The genus is a synonym of Helicobasidium, but currently species have not yet been assigned to the latter genus. Tuberculina species are conidia-bearing parasites of rust fungi, forming felt-like, purple patches on their hosts.

Stilbum is a genus of fungi in the family Chionosphaeraceae. Though many species were formerly referred to the genus, it is effectively monotypic since the type species, Stilbum vulgare, currently has no close relative. Stilbum vulgare forms groups of minute, gelatinous, synnema-like basidiocarps up to 0.5 mm tall with a distinct stem and inflated, fertile head. Microscopically, it produces auricularioid basidia and basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. The species has been collected on rotting wood and old agaric fruit bodies and may be a parasite of other fungi. It was originally described from Europe, but is also known from Asia, North America, and Australia.

<i>Auricularia angiospermarum</i> Species of fungus

Auricularia angiospermarum is a species of fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. Basidiocarps (fruitbodies) are gelatinous, ear-like, and grow on dead wood of broadleaf trees. It is a North American species and was formerly confused with Auricularia auricula-judae which is confined to Europe.

<i>Tulasnella violea</i> Species of fungus

Tulasnella violea is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps are typically smooth, ceraceous (waxy), violet-pink or lilaceous to grey, and occur on the underside of fallen branches and logs. It is one of the more conspicuous Tulasnella species and appears to be distributed worldwide. Though normally saprotrophic, Tulasnella violea can form a mycorrhizal association with orchids.

<i>Naohidea</i> Species of fungus

Naohidea sebacea is a species of fungus in the order Naohideales. The order is currently monotypic, having only one family, one genus, and one species. Basidiocarps of Naohidea sebacea form small, gelatinous pustules on wood-inhabiting species of Botryosphaeriaceae. Microscopically, they produce long, slender, auricularioid basidia and amygdaliform (almond-shaped) basidiospores.

<i>Cystobasidium fimetarium</i> Species of fungus

Cystobasidium fimetarium is a species of fungus in the order Cystobasidiales. It is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps on various ascomycetous fungi on dung. Microscopically, it has auricularioid basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. The species is known from Europe and North America.

Kriegeria is a genus of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. The genus is currently monotypic, containing the single species Kriegeria eriophori. The species is a plant pathogen, parasitic on sedges, and produces auricularioid basidia and basidiospores that germinate to form a yeast state.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Roberts P. (1999). Rhizoctonia-forming fungi. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. p. 239. ISBN   978-1-900347-69-3.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Lutz M, Bauer R, Begerow D, Oberwinkler F (2004). "Tuberculina-Thanatophytum/Rhizoctonia crocorum-Helicobasidium: a unique mycoparasitic-phytoparasitic life strategy". Mycol Res. 108: :227–238. doi:10.1017/s0953756204009359. PMID   15185975.
  3. ↑ Nakamura H, Ikeda K, Arakawa M, Akahira T, Matsumoto N (2004). "A comparative study of the violet root rot fungi, Helicobasidium brebissonii and H. mompa, from Japan". Mycological Research. 108: 641–648. doi:10.1017/S0953756204009785.
  4. ↑ Hering TF (1962). "Host range of the violet root rot fungus, Helicobasidium purpureum Pat". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 45: 488–494. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(62)80009-6.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.