Heterocarpus

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Heterocarpus
Heterocarpus ensifer.jpg
Heterocarpus ensifer
Scientific classification
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Genus:
Heterocarpus

Type species
Heterocarpus ensifer
A. Milne-Edwards, 1881

Heterocarpus is a genus of deep-sea shrimp, mainly of tropical areas all over the world.

Contents

Description

Heterocarpus is characterised by the highly unequal second pair of pereiopods: one side is long and thin and the other is short but stronger, besides the carapace with one or more longitudinal carinae. [1] [2]

Species

So far, 30 species have been described for this genus, Heterocarpus ensifer being the type species. The described species of this genus are:

Ecology

Heterocarpus ensifer close-up and after "vomiting" or "spitting" bioluminescent fluid. Shrimp Bioluminescence (23503861701).jpg
Heterocarpus ensifer close-up and after "vomiting" or "spitting" bioluminescent fluid.

Many Heterocarpus shrimp are known for using bioluminescence as a defense, spitting it on predators. [3] Studies about their feeding habits, [4] and the fact that they may be found in the stomach contents of some pelagic sharks [5] and other fishes [6] is interpreted as they have benthic habits, but they do migrations to the water column at night. Some species of this genus have high fishery potential, such as H. reedi [7] and H. laevigatus. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caridea</span> Infraorder of shrimp

The Caridea, commonly known as caridean shrimp or true shrimp, from the Greek word καρίς, καρίδος, are an infraorder of shrimp within the order Decapoda. This infraorder contains all species of true shrimp. They are found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. Many other animals with similar names – such as the mud shrimp of Axiidea and the boxer shrimp of Stenopodidea – are not true shrimp, but many have evolved features similar to true shrimp.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Decapoda</span> Order of crustaceans

The Decapoda or decapods are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, including crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is estimated to contain nearly 15,000 extant species in around 2,700 genera, with around 3,300 fossil species. Nearly half of these species are crabs, with the shrimp and Anomura including hermit crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters making up the bulk of the remainder. The earliest fossils of the group date to the Devonian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stenopodidea</span> Infraorder of crustaceans

The Stenopodidea or boxer shrimps are a small group of decapod crustaceans. Often confused with Caridea shrimp or Dendrobranchiata prawns, they are neither, belonging to their own group.

<i>Amphionides</i> Monotypic species of planktonic crustacean

Amphionides reynaudii is a species of caridean shrimp, whose identity and position in the crustacean system remained enigmatic for a long time. It is a small planktonic crustacean found throughout the world's tropical oceans, which until 2015 was considered the sole representative of the order Amphionidacea, due to unusual morphological features. Molecular data however confirm it as a member of the caridean family Pandalidae, and the confusion of morphology is because only larval phases have so far been studied.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polychelidae</span> Family of crustaceans

The family Polychelidae contains thirty-eight extant species of blind, benthic lobster-like crustaceans. They are found throughout the world's tropical, sub-tropical and temperate oceans, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Irish Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pandalidae</span> Family of crustaceans

The family Pandalidae is a taxon of caridean shrimp. These species are commonly called pandalid shrimp. They are edible and have high economic value. They are characterised by the subdivided carpus of the second pereiopod and, mainly, by the lack of the chelae (claws) on the first pereiopod. This is a cold-water family, and their representation in tropical areas is made by deep-sea shrimp. The genus Physetocaris, sometimes placed in this family, is now considered to be in its own family, Physetocarididae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crangonidae</span> Family of crustaceans

Crangonidae is a family of shrimp, of the superfamily Crangonoidea, including the commercially important species Crangon crangon. Its type genus is Crangon. Crangonid shrimps' first pair of pereiopods have partially chelate claws that they use to capture their prey. They burrow shallowly into sediment on the sea floor, and feed on bivalves, crustaceans, polychaetes, and some small fish.

Physetocaris is a monotypic genus of caridean shrimp, containing a single species, Physetocaris microphthalma.

<i>Alpheus</i> (crustacean) Genus of crustaceans

Alpheus is a genus of snapping shrimp of the family Alpheidae. This genus contains in excess of 330 species, making this the most species-rich genus of shrimp. Like other snapping shrimp, the claws of Alpheus are asymmetrical, with one of the claws enlarged for making a popping noise. Some species in the genus enter into symbiotic relationships with gobiid fishes, and others associate with sea anemones.

<i>Munidopsis</i> Genus of crustaceans

Munidopsis is a genus of squat lobster. It is the second largest of all the genera of squat lobsters, after Munida, with over 200 species. Its members are mainly found on continental slopes and on abyssal plains. A few fossil species are also known, including specimens from the Campanian (Cretaceous).

<i>Heterocarpus ensifer</i> Species of crustacean

Heterocarpus ensifer is a species of deep-water shrimp. The nominate subspecies is found in the Atlantic Ocean from Spain and Madeira to Angola and from North Carolina to the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; other subspecies occur in the Pacific Ocean and around the Philippines and Indonesia. Despite being one of the most abundant shrimp in some areas, its biology is still poorly known. These deep water crustaceans are most copious between 300 and 400m. Their distribution demonstrates an ability to adapt well to distinct environments. It is generally found at depths of 200–885 m (656–2,904 ft).

<i>Benthesicymus</i> Genus of crustaceans

Benthesicymus is a genus of prawns, containing the following species:

<i>Lysmata</i> Genus of crustaceans

Lysmata is a genus of shrimp in the infraorder Caridea, the caridean shrimp. The genus belongs to the family Lysmatidae. Lysmata are popular ornamental shrimp in the marine aquarium trade for their bright color patterns, interesting behaviors, and ability to control certain aquarium pests such as sea anemones of the genus Aiptasia. They are known to command high prices on the pet market.

Birulia is a genus of shrimp in the family Thoridae. It was formerly considered to be part of the family Hippolytidae.

<i>Uroptychus</i> Genus of crustaceans

Uroptychus is a genus of squat lobsters in the family Chirostylidae found across the Indo-Pacific. The genus Uroptychus contains the following species:

<i>Pandalus</i> Genus of crustaceans

Pandalus is a genus of shrimp in the family Pandalidae. Members of the genus are medium-sized and live on or near the seabed. Some species are the subject of commercial fisheries and are caught by trawling. One species, Pandalus montagui, lives in association with the reef-building polychaete worm, Sabellaria spinulosa.

<i>Sicyonia</i> Genus of crustaceans

Sicyonia is a genus of prawns, placed in its own family, Sicyoniidae. It differs from other prawns in that the last three pairs of its pleopods are uniramous, rather than biramous as seen in all other prawns.

<i>Ogyrides</i> Genus of crustaceans

Ogyrides, also known as long eyed shrimps, is a genus of decapod crustaceans consisting of 13 species. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Ogyrididae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acanthephyra</span> Genus of shrimp

Acanthephyra is a genus of shrimp in the family Acanthephyridae, with species that live at depths from 0 to more than 5000 meters deep below the ocean surface.

<i>Pandalus lucidirimicola</i> Species of shrimp

Pandalus lucidirimicola, the sparkling shrimp, is a species of caridean shrimp in the family Pandalidae.

References

  1. Fenner A. Chace, Jr. (1985). "The Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907–1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology . 411 (411): 1–143. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.411.
  2. Alain Crosnier (1988). "Sur les Heterocarpus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae) du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. Remarques sur d'autres espèces ouest-pacifiques du genre et description de quatre taxa nouveaux". Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris . 4ème série. 10 (A 1): 57–103. doi: 10.5962/p.287497 . S2CID   133303744.
  3. B. K. K. Chan; I. C. Lin; T. W. Shih; T. Y. Chan (2008). "Bioluminescent emissions of the deep-water pandalid shrimp, Heterocarpus sibogae De Man, 1917 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) under laboratory conditions". Crustaceana . 81 (3): 341–350. doi:10.1163/156854008783564064.
  4. S. F. Rainer (1992). "Diet of prawns from the continental slope of north-western Australia". Bulletin of Marine Science . 50 (2): 258–274.
  5. Teodoro Vaske Júnior; Carolus Maria Vooren; Rosangela Paula Lessa (2009). "Feeding strategy of the night shark (Carcharhinus signatus) and the scalloped hammershark (Sphyruna lewini) near seamounts off northeastern Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Oceanography . 57 (2): 97–104. doi: 10.1590/S1679-87592009000200002 .
  6. M. G. King (1984). "The species and depth distribution of deepwater caridean shrimps (Decapoda, Caridea) near some Southwest Pacific islands". Crustaceana . 47 (2): 174–191. doi:10.1163/156854084X00405. JSTOR   20103973. S2CID   84728160.
  7. P. E. Pérez (2007). "An economic analysis of the Heterocarpus reedi and Cervimunida johni fisheries off northern-central Chile, from 1997 to 2000". Investigaciones Marinas . 35 (2): 45–52. doi: 10.4067/S0717-71782007000200005 .
  8. Stephen Ralston (1986). "An intensive fishing experiment for the caridean shrimp, Heterocarpus laevigatus, at Alamagan Island in the Mariana archipelago" (PDF). Fishery Bulletin . 84 (4): 927–934.