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A chain letter is a message that attempts to convince the recipient to make a number of copies and pass them on to a certain number of recipients. The "chain" is an exponentially growing pyramid that cannot be sustained indefinitely.
A hoax is a widely publicized falsehood so fashioned as to invite reflexive, unthinking acceptance by the greatest number of people of the most varied social identities and of the highest possible social pretensions to gull its victims into putting up the highest possible social currency in support of the hoax.
Scam baiting is a form of internet vigilantism primarily used towards advance-fee fraud, IRS impersonation scams, technical support scams, pension scams, and consumer financial fraud.
Wingdings is a series of dingbat fonts that render letters as a variety of symbols. They were originally developed in 1990 by Microsoft by combining glyphs from Lucida Icons, Arrows, and Stars licensed from Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes. Certain versions of the font's copyright string include attribution to Type Solutions, Inc., the maker of a tool used to hint the font.
Internet fraud is a type of cybercrime fraud or deception which makes use of the Internet and could involve hiding of information or providing incorrect information for the purpose of tricking victims out of money, property, and inheritance. Internet fraud is not considered a single, distinctive crime but covers a range of illegal and illicit actions that are committed in cyberspace. It is, however, differentiated from theft since, in this case, the victim voluntarily and knowingly provides the information, money or property to the perpetrator. It is also distinguished by the way it involves temporally and spatially separated offenders.
A spoofed URL involves one website masquerading as another, often leveraging vulnerabilities in web browser technology to facilitate a malicious computer attack. These attacks are particularly effective against computers that lack up-to- security patches. Alternatively, some spoofed URLs are crafted for satirical purposes.
A computer virus hoax is a message warning the recipients of a non-existent computer virus threat. The message is usually a chain e-mail that tells the recipients to forward it to everyone they know, but it can also be in the form of a pop-up window.
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The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets: overlay networks that use the Internet but require specific software, configurations, or authorization to access. Through the dark web, private computer networks can communicate and conduct business anonymously without divulging identifying information, such as a user's location. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web, the part of the web not indexed by web search engines, although sometimes the term deep web is mistakenly used to refer specifically to the dark web.
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Talking Angela is a videogame app, developed by Slovenian studio Outfit7 as part of the Talking Tom & Friends series. It was released on November 13, 2012 and January 2012 for iPhone, iPod and iPad, January 2013 for Android, and January 2014 for Google Play. The app's successor, the My Talking Angela app, was released in December 2014.
Lizard Squad was a black hat hacking group, mainly known for their claims of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks primarily to disrupt gaming-related services.
False information, including intentional disinformation and conspiracy theories, about the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic and the origin, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease has been spread through social media, text messaging, and mass media. False information has been propagated by celebrities, politicians, and other prominent public figures. Many countries have passed laws against "fake news", and thousands of people have been arrested for spreading COVID-19 misinformation. The spread of COVID-19 misinformation by governments has also been significant.
Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines consists of disinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic propagated by various sources.
Starting in 2021, a false rumor alleged that certain North American schools were providing litter boxes in bathrooms for students who "identify as cats", or who participate in the furry or otherkin subcultures. Various American conservative and right-wing politicians and media personalities promoted the hoax in response to several school districts enacting protections for transgender students. Many news outlets, fact-checking websites, and academic researchers have debunked such claims, and officials from every school named by those promoting the hoax have verified that the accusations are false. The claims have been described as internet trolling, fearmongering, and anti-transgender rhetoric.
References
- ↑ Elliott, Tim (26 November 2009). "Aussie hoax slayer smashes web scams". Stuff.co.nz . Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ↑ Vosoughi, Soroush; Roy, Deb; Aral, Sinan (9 March 2018). "The spread of true and false news online". Science . 359 (6380). Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 1146–1151. doi: 10.1126/science.aap9559 .
- ↑ Smith, Andrew (9 January 2015). Daley, Beth (ed.). "The persistent internet hoax endures, now on Facebook". The Conversation . The Open University . Retrieved 1 November 2021.
- ↑ Wenzel, Murray (11 December 2009). "Brett Christensen a 'Hoax Slayer'". NewsMail . Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ↑ "Travel brands hijacked to dupe customers". Travel Weekly. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ↑ Malone, Tim (6 August 2010). "Top 10 sites to debunk Internet hoaxes". TechRepublic . Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ↑ Ngak, Chenda (17 March 2014). "Malaysia Airlines MH370 found in the Bermuda Triangle? Not a chance". CBS News . Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ↑ Neuman, Scott (21 June 2013). "Supermoon To Dominate Weekend Sky". NPR . Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ↑ Arthur, Charles (17 March 2010). "Is the virus warning about a hacker called Simon Ashton real?". The Guardian . Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ↑ Brett M. Christensen (22 May 2021). "Hoax-Slayer is Closing Down". Hoax Slayer. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
- ↑ Elliott, Tim (26 November 2009). "Hoax slayer puts the bite on vampires of the cyber world". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ↑ "No scam too tricky for Bundaberg's Hoax Slayer". The Dalby Herald. 23 June 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ↑ About Hoax Slayer
- ↑ Groskop, Viv (10 June 2008). "Beware of the hoax". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
