List of cryptids

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Cryptids are animals or other beings that cryptozoologists believe may exist somewhere in the wild, but whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience and has been widely critiqued by scientists. [1] [2] [3] [4] The subculture is regularly criticized for reliance on anecdotal information [5] and because in the course of investigating animals that most scientists believe are unlikely to have existed, cryptozoologists do not follow the scientific method. [6] Many scientists have criticized the plausibility of cryptids due to lack of physical evidence, [7] likely misidentifications [8] and misinterpretation of stories from folklore. [9]

Contents

While biologists regularly identify new species following established scientific methodology, cryptozoologists focus on entities mentioned in the folklore record and rumor. Entities that may be considered cryptids by cryptozoologists include Bigfoot, Yeti, the chupacabra, the Jersey Devil, the Loch Ness Monster, and the Mokele-mbembe.

List

Aquatic or semi-aquatic

NameOther NamesDescriptionPurported LocationDepiction
Anguila peluda [10] Hairy EelPond animalPamital ravine, Canary Islands
Cadborosaurus [11] CaddySea animalPacific Coast of North America Cadborosaurus October 1937.jpg
Champ [12] ChampyLake monster Lake Champlain, North America Artistic representation of Sandra Mansi's 1977 photograph of "Champ" lake monster.jpg
Cryptid Whales [13] [14] Giglioli's Whale, Rhinoceros dolphin, High-finned sperm whale, Alula whale, Unidentified beaked whalesSea animalPacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean Amphiptera pacifica.jpg
Dobhar-chú [15] Water Hound, King OtterExtra-large otter-like carnivorous aquatic mammalIreland Dobhar-chu encounter.jpg
Gloucester sea serpent [16] Large serpentGloucester, Cape Ann
1817 Gloucester sea serpent.jpg
Great auk (surviving populations) [17] Pinguinus impennis, garefowlAquatic flightles birdNorthern Atlantic Great Auk (Pinguinis impennis) specimen, Kelvingrove, Glasgow - geograph.org.uk - 1108249.jpg
Iemisch [18] Iemisch ListaiMix of a jaguar and otter Patagonia
Igopogo [19] Kempenfelt KellyLake monster Lake Simcoe, Ontario (Canada)
Labynkyr Devil [20] [21] [22] Labynkyrsky Chert[ citation needed ]Lake monster Oymyakonsky Ulus, Sakha Republic, Russia
Loch Ness Monster [23] NessieLake monster Loch Ness, Scotland Lochneska poboba museumofnessie (cropped).jpg
Loveland Frog [24] Loveland frogman, Loveland lizardHumanoid frog Loveland, Ohio Loveland frog.png
Manipogo [25] WinnipogoLake monster Lake Manitoba, Canada
Megalodon (surviving populations) [26] [27] [28] Otodus megalodon [a] Giant prehistoric sharkOceans Otodus megalodon restoration.png
Mokele-mbembe [29] Dinosaur (lake, river and/or swamp monster) Republic of the Congo Mokele-mbembe ill artlibre jnl.png
Morgawr [30] Sea serpent Falmouth Bay
Ogopogo [12] N'ha•a•itk, NaitakaLake monster Lake Okanagan, Canada OgoPogo crop.jpg
Sea serpents [31] Sea animals, dinosaursAll bodies of water Soe Orm 1555.jpg
Selma [32] SeljordsormenLake monsterLake Seljord, Telemark, Norway
Seljord komm.svg
Steller's sea ape [33] Sea animalPacific Ocean
Animal drawings collected by Felix Platter, p1 - (31).jpg

Terrestrial

NameOther namesDescriptionPurported locationDepiction
British big cats [34] Alien big cats (ABCs), phantom cats, mystery cats, English lions,
Beast of Bodmin, Beast of Exmoor 		Carnivorous mammalGreat Britain Felicity Inverness Museum.JPG
Chupacabra [35] Chupacabras (Spanish for goat-sucker) Puerto Rico (originally),
South and Central America,
Southern North America		 Chupacabra (artist's rendition).jpg
Dover Demon [36] Dover, Massachusetts Dover Demon.png
Lizard Man of Scape Ore Swamp [37] Lizard Man of Lee County Bipedal South Carolina, United States
Mapinguari [38] MapinguaryGiant Ground Sloth or primateAmazons Megatherium americanum by sphenaphinae.png
Michigan Dogman [39] Humanoid dog Wexford County, Michigan
Moa (surviving original populations) [40] [b] Dinornis robustus (South Island giant moa), Dinornis novaezelandiae (North Island giant moa), Anomalopteryx didiformis (Bush moa, little bush moa, or lesser moa)Medium to large flightless birds New Zealand Moa mock hunt.jpg
Mongolian death worm [41] Allghoi (or orghoi) khorkhoi Worm-like animal Gobi Desert (Asia) Allghoikhorkhoi.jpg
Nandi bear [42] Chemosit, Kerit, Koddoelo, Ngoelo, Ngoloko, DubaLarge carnivoreEastern Africa Nandi bear 1961 (cropped).png
Queensland Tiger [43] YarriLarge feline Queensland
Thylacine (surviving original populations) [44] [45] [c] Tasmanian tiger. Tasmanian wolf, Thylacinus cynocephalusCarnivorous marsupial Australia

Papua New Guinea

"Benjamin".jpg

Hominid

NameOther namesDescriptionPurported locationDepiction
Almas [12] Abnauayu, almasty, albasty, bekk-bok,
biabin-guli, golub-yavan, gul-biavan, auli-avan,
kaptar, kra-dhun, ksy-giik, ksy-gyik, ochokochi,
mirygdy, mulen, voita, wind-man, Zana		Non-human ape or hominid Asia/Caucasus
Amomongo [46] Orang Mawas, Impakta Ape or hominid Negros Occidental, Philippines
Bigfoot [47] SasquatchLarge and hairy ape-like creatureUnited States and Canada Pie Grande.jpg
Bukit Timah Monkey Man [48] BTM, BTMMForest-dwelling hominid or other primate Singapore
Chatawa Monster [49] [50] Large ape-like creature Mississippi, United States
Chuchunya [51] Large hominid Russia
Fouke Monster [52] [53] Jonesville Monster, Southern Sasquatch, Boggy Creek Monster Hominid or other primate Arkansas, United States
Honey Island Swamp monster [54] Letiche, Tainted Keitre Hominid or other primate Louisiana, United States
Orang Pendek Small hominid Sumatra Orang Pendek.png
Nittaewo [55] NittevoSmall hominidsSri Lanka
Skunk ape [56] Stink Ape, Myakka Ape, Myakka Skunk Ape Primate Florida, United States The Florida Skunk Ape - panoramio.jpg
Yeren [57] [56] Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese Wildman Primate (possible hominin)China
Yeti [58] Abominable SnowmanLarge and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions Himalayas (Asia) B5bugerbear.jpg
Yowie [55] Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptionsAustralia Yowie-statue-Kilcoy-Queensland.JPG

Flying

NameOther namesDescriptionPurported locationDepiction
Jersey Devil [23] Leeds Devil Winged bipedal horse United States, mainly the South Jersey Pine Barrens, as well as other parts of New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania Jersey Devil Philadelphia Post 1909.jpg
Mothman [59] Winged Man, Bird Man, UFO-Bird, Mason Bird MonsterWinged bipedal Mason County, West Virginia, United States Mothman Artist's Impression.png
Rod [60] Skyfish, Air Rod, Solar EntitySmall flying stick-like creaturesWorldwide Moths attracted by floodlight.jpg

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Otodus is the currently accepted genus name for megalodon. Older sources refer to the genus as Carcharodon, Carcharocles, and several other names.
  2. ↑ There is an ongoing de-extinction project to revive the bush moa through genome editing, this entry refers to the possibility of surviving original populations
  3. ↑ There is an ongoing de-extinction project to revive the species through genome editing, this entry refers to the unconfirmed sightings and reports of surviving original populations

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References

  1. ↑ Mullis (2021: 185): "Eschewing the rigors of science, cryptozoologists publish for a popular audience rather than for experts resulting in the practice itself frequently being derided as a pseudoscience."
  2. ↑ Loxton & Prothero (2013: 332): "Whatever the romantic appeal of monster mysteries, cryptozoology as it exists today is unquestionably a pseudoscience." Loxton & Prothero (2013: 320): "Cryptozoology has a reputation of being part of a general pseudoscientific fringe—just one more facet of paranormal belief." (Both quotes from Donald Prothero)
  3. ↑ Church (2009: 251–252): "Cryptozoology has acquired a bad reputation as a pseudoscience [...] Until detailed, methodical research becomes standard practice among cryptozoologists, the field will remain disrespected by more traditional biologists and zoologists."
  4. ↑ Roesch & Moore (2002: 71–78): "Pointing to this rampant speculation and ignorance of established scientific theories in cryptozoology, as well as the field's poor record of success and its reliance on unsystematic, anecdotal evidence, many scientists and skeptics classify cryptozoology as a pseudoscience."
  5. ↑ Shermer, Michael (2 May 2003). "Show Me the Body". Scientific American . Retrieved 8 January 2025.
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