"Mainland China",also referred to as "the Chinese mainland",is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland,the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan,Chongming,and Zhoushan. By convention,territories outside of mainland China include:
The Individual Visit Scheme begun on 28 July 2003 allowing travelers from Mainland China to visit Hong Kong and Macau on an individual basis;prior to the Scheme,Mainland residents could only visit on business visas or on group tours.
The Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents is a travel document issued by the Exit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China. This card-size biometric document is issued to Chinese citizens with permanent residency in Hong Kong and Macau for traveling to mainland China. The bearers can stay in mainland China indefinitely for any purpose,including working and studying,with no restriction imposed. The validity period for the card is 10 years or 5 years.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport is a passport issued only to permanent residents of Hong Kong who also hold Chinese citizenship. In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,since the handover in 1997,the passport has been issued by the Immigration Department of the Government of Hong Kong under the authorisation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. As the official languages of Hong Kong are Chinese and English,the passport is printed bilingually in both Chinese and English. In addition,unlike Chinese passport which can be issued by Chinese diplomatic missions abroad,the Immigration Department of Hong Kong is the only issuing authority for HKSAR passports.
Hong Kong Re-entry Permit are issued to Hong Kong residents by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) for travel to mainland China and Macau Special Administrative Region.
The Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao,colloquially known as the One-way Permit,is a travel document issued by the Exit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China. This passport-size document is issued for its bearers,Chinese citizens residing in the mainland with relatives in Hong Kong or Macau,to proceed to the special administrative regions for residency.
The Taiwan Entry Permit (入臺證),formally the Exit &Entry Permit Taiwan Republic of China,is an entry permit issued by the National Immigration Agency in Taiwan for Chinese citizens from mainland,Hong Kong,and Macau to enter and exit the Taiwan Area.
The People's Republic of China passport is a passport issued to citizens of the People's Republic of China for the purpose of international travel,and entitles its bearer to the protection of China's consular officials overseas.
Visitors to the Republic of China (Taiwan) must obtain a visa or authorization in advance,unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or countries whose nationals are eligible for visa on arrival. All visitors must hold a passport valid for 6 months.
The Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents is a travel document issued by the Exit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China. This card-size biometric document is issued to Taiwan residents for traveling to mainland China. Since 2017,Taiwan residents with this document can stay in mainland China indefinitely for any purpose,including working and studying,with no restriction imposed.
The Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region allows citizens of specific countries/territories to travel to Macau for tourism or business purposes for periods ranging from 14 to 180 days without having to obtain a visa. For other entry purposes,such as establishing residence on a long-term basis,a different policy applies.
The visa policy of mainland China deals with the requirements which a foreign citizen wishing to enter the mainland of the People's Republic of China must meet to obtain a visa from one of the Chinese diplomatic missions,which is a permit to travel to,enter,and remain in the country. Visa exemptions are based on bilateral agreements and unilateral decisions.
The visa policy of Hong Kong deals with the requirements in which a foreign national wishing to enter Hong Kong through one of the 15 immigration control points must meet to obtain an entry permit or Visa,which depending on the traveller's nationality,may be required to travel to,enter,and remain in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Visitors from over 145 countries are permitted without Visa entry for periods ranging from 7 to 180 days,to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for tourism or certain business-related activities. All visitors must hold a passport valid for more than 1 month.
Visa requirements for Chinese citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of China residing in the Mainland by the authorities of other states.
The People's Republic of China Travel Document (中华人民共和国旅行证) is a type of travel document issued by Chinese embassies,consulates,and other foreign offices to Chinese citizens for their international travel to China and other countries. The bearer of the Travel Document is legally a Chinese citizen in accordance with the Nationality Law.
The Residence Permit for Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Residents is an identity document in the People's Republic of China. It is issued to Chinese citizens with permanent residency in Hong Kong,Macau,and Taiwan. Legally,Chinese citizens with permanent residency in the three regions can reside indefinitely in mainland China for any purpose without restriction. They can apply for this card for their living convenience in mainland China,as along as they have lived in the mainland for more than six months and meet one of the following conditions:legal and stable employment,legal and stable residence,or continuous study.
The National Immigration Administration (NIA),alternatively known as the Exit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China,is a sub-ministry-level executive agency administrated by the Ministry of Public Security. The administration is responsible for coordinating and formulating immigration policies and their implementation,border control,administering foreigners’stay,management on refugees and nationality,taking the lead in coordinating the administering of foreigners who illegally enter,stay or are employed in China,and the repatriation of illegal immigrants.
Controls imposed on internal borders within a single state or territory include measures taken by governments to monitor and regulate the movement of people,animals,and goods across land,air,and maritime borders through border controls.
The Taiwan Travel Permit (往来台湾通行证) is a travel document issued by the Exit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China. This card-size biometric document is issued for its bearers,Chinese citizens residing in the mainland,to travel to and return from the Taiwan Area for personal,business,or other purposes.
The People's Republic of China Exit and Entry Permit is a travel document issued by the National Immigration Administration of China to Chinese citizens for border trade,border tourism services,and border tourism.
China 
