Hymenoxys texana

Last updated

Hymenoxys texana
Texas Prairie Dawn 02.jpg
Status TNC G2.svg
Imperiled  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Hymenoxys
Species:
H. texana
Binomial name
Hymenoxys texana
Synonyms [2]
  • Actinea texana(J.M.Coult. & Rose) Cory
  • Actinella texanaJ.M.Coult. & Rose 1891
  • Picradenia texana(J.M.Coult. & Rose) Greene

Hymenoxys texana is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names prairie dawn, Texas prairie dawn-flower, and Texas bitterweed. It is endemic to Texas, where it is known only from the general vicinity of Houston. It is threatened by the loss of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

Hymenoxys texana is an annual herb with delicate reddish or purplish stems growing only 10 or 15 centimeters (4-6 inches) tall. The leaves have rubbery, glandular blades which may be simple or divided into lobes, particularly at mid-stem. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head or an open cluster of several heads. Each head is under a centimeter wide and has 6 to 8 yellow ray florets each 2 or 3 millimeters long. [3] The ray florets are often tucked behind the phyllaries. The center of the head has 30–75 tiny disc florets. [4]

Hymenoxys texana grows only in the grasslands of the Gulf Coastal Plain in Texas. It can be found on open, barren stretches of saline sandy soil at the base of Mima mounds. The soil is often coated with a slick of algae ( Nostoc sp.) during the wet season. [5] The soil dries, cracks, and becomes powdery in the dry season. [4] [6] Few other plants occur on this substrate, but prairie dogshade (Limnosciadium pumilum) can sometimes be associated. [5]

Hymenoxys texana is known only from Harris and Fort Bend Counties in Texas. It was first described in 1891 from a specimen taken near Hockley. [5] [7] Few specimens were noted after this and by 1979 the species was thought to be extinct. Just two years later it was relocated. [4] Today there are about 50 known populations, [4] but most all of these are endangered by the destruction and degradation of their habitat. [1] Most of the occurrences of the plant are within or near the Houston metropolitan area, which is undergoing rapid growth. [1] Habitat is being claimed for residential and other development. [1]

Hymenoxys texana Texas Prairie Dawn 01.jpg
Hymenoxys texana
Hymenoxys texana Texas Prairie Dawn 03.jpg
Hymenoxys texana

Related Research Articles

<i>Echinacea tennesseensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Echinacea tennesseensis, also known as the Tennessee coneflower or Tennessee purple coneflower, is a flowering plant in the sunflower family, endemic to the cedar glades of the central portion of the U.S. state of Tennessee.

<i>Echinacea laevigata</i> Species of flowering plant

Echinacea laevigata, the smooth purple coneflower, is an Endangered Species Act federally listed endangered species of plant found in the piedmont of the eastern United States. Most populations are found on roadsides and other open areas with plenty of sunlight, often on calcium- and magnesium- rich soils.

Hymenoxys cooperi is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Cooper's rubberweed. It is native to the southwestern United States and Great Basin, where it grows in rocky soils in arid regions from southern California to New Mexico, north as far as Idaho and Oregon.

<i>Hymenoxys lemmonii</i> Species of flowering plant

Hymenoxys lemmonii is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names Lemmon's rubberweed, Lemmon's bitterweed, and alkali hymenoxys. It is native to the western United States in and around the Great Basin in Utah, Nevada, northern California, and southeastern Oregon.

<i>Hymenoxys odorata</i> Species of flowering plant

Hymenoxys odorata is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names bitter rubberweed and western bitterweed. It is native to the southwestern and south-central United States from southern California to Texas north as far as Kansas and Colorado, as well as northern Mexico. It grows in dry regions.

<i>Lessingia germanorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Lessingia germanorum is a rare species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name San Francisco lessingia. It is endemic to California, where it is known from four populations in the Presidio of San Francisco and one occurrence on San Bruno Mountain south of San Francisco. It is a state and federally listed endangered species. The already rare plant is endangered by many processes, including invasive species, development, sand mining, off-road vehicles and bulldozers, habitat fragmentation, trampling, and pollution, as well as stochastic events.

<i>Dalea foliosa</i> Species of plant

Dalea foliosa, commonly called leafy prairie clover, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family (Fabaceae). It is an endangered species in the United States, where it occurs in three states: Illinois, Tennessee, and Alabama.

<i>Packera layneae</i> Species of flowering plant

Packera layneae, known by the common name Layne's ragwort and Layne's butterweed, is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family.

<i>Escobaria minima</i> Species of cactus

Escobaria minima is a rare species of cactus known by the common names Nellie cory cactus, Nellie's pincushion cactus, birdfoot cactus, and others. It is a very popular species among cactus collectors. This is one reason why it is a highly endangered species in the wild today. This cactus is found only in Brewster County, Texas, in the United States, where there are three populations remaining near Marathon. The cactus is limited to one outcrop in the Marathon Uplift, where it grows in rocky novaculite soils. It was added to the endangered species list in 1979.

<i>Echinocereus viridiflorus</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus viridiflorus is a species of cactus known by the common names nylon hedgehog cactus, green pitaya, and small-flowered hedgehog cactus. It is native to the central and south-central United States and northern Mexico, where it can be found in varied habitat types, including desert scrub, woodlands, dry grasslands, and short-grass prairie.

<i>Erigeron decumbens</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron decumbens is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Willamette fleabane. It is native to Oregon and California in the United States.

<i>Erigeron rhizomatus</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron rhizomatus is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Zuni fleabane and rhizome fleabane. It is native to western New Mexico and eastern Arizona in the United States. It is a federally listed threatened species.

Tetramolopium lepidotum is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Waianae Range tetramolopium. It is endemic to Hawaii, where today it is known only from the Waianae Mountains on the island of Oahu. It is threatened by habitat degradation caused by feral goats and pigs and introduced species of plants.

Thymophylla tephroleuca is a rare species of flowering plant known by the common names ashy pricklyleaf and ashy dogweed. It is endemic to Texas in the United States, where it occurs in two counties near the Mexican border. It became rare due to the destruction and degradation of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<i>Zizania texana</i> Species of grass

Zizania texana is a rare species of grass known by the common name Texas wild rice. It is endemic to Texas, where it is found only on the upper San Marcos River in Hays County. It is threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<i>Solidago missouriensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago missouriensis is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Missouri goldenrod and prairie goldenrod. It is native to North America, where it is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico. It grows from British Columbia east to Manitoba, south as far as Sonora, Coahuila, Texas, and Mississippi.

Chloris texensis is a species of grass known by the common name Texas windmill grass. It is endemic to Texas in the United States, where it occurs on the coastal prairies.

<i>Rayjacksonia aurea</i> Species of flowering plant

Rayjacksonia aurea is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Houston tansyaster and Houston camphor daisy. It is endemic to Texas in the United States, where it is known only from the Houston area. It is limited to Galveston and Harris Counties.

<i>Sericocarpus rigidus</i> Species of plant

Sericocarpus rigidus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Columbian whitetop aster. It is native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, where it is known from southern Vancouver Island in British Columbia south along the coast to Washington and Oregon.

<i>Tetraneuris acaulis</i>

Tetraneuris acaulis is a North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. Common names include angelita daisy, stemless four-nerve daisy, stemless hymenoxys, butte marigold, and stemless rubberweed.

References