Ice cream cone

Last updated
Ice cream cone
Strawberry ice cream cone (5076899310).jpg
A wafer-style ice cream cone with a scoop of strawberry ice cream
Type Pastry
Place of origin United Kingdom (first documented recipe)
Invented1888;136 years ago (1888)
Serving temperatureDry and cold
Main ingredients Flour, sugar
Variations Waffle cone, cake cone (wafer cone), pretzel cone, sugar cone, chocolate-coated cone, double cone, vanilla cone
Food energy
(per serving)
23  kcal  (96 kJ)

An ice cream cone (England) or poke (Ireland/Scotland) is a brittle, cone-shaped pastry, usually made of a wafer similar in texture to a waffle, made so ice cream can be carried and eaten without a bowl or spoon. Many styles of cones are made, including pretzel cones, sugar-coated and chocolate-coated cones (coated on the inside). The term ice cream cone can also refer, informally, to the cone with one or more scoops of ice cream on top.

Contents

There are two techniques for making cones: one is by baking them flat and then quickly rolling them into shape (before they harden), the other is by baking them inside a cone-shaped mold. [1]

History

19th century

Cones, in the form of wafers rolled and baked hard, date back to Ancient Rome and Greece. When exactly they transitioned to being used for desserts, and ice cream in particular, is not clear. Some historians point to France in the early 19th century as the birthplace of the ice cream cone: an 1807 illustration of a Parisian girl enjoying a treat may depict an ice cream cone [2] and edible cones were mentioned in French cooking books as early as 1825, when Julien Archambault described how one could roll a cone from "little waffles". [3] In 1846, the Italian British cook Charles Elmé Francatelli's The Modern Cook described the use of ice cream cones as part of a larger dessert dish. [4]

The earliest certain evidence of ice cream cones come from Mrs A. B. Marshall's Book of Cookery (1888), written by the English cook Agnes B. Marshall. [2] Her recipe for "Cornet with Cream" said that "the cornets were made with almonds and baked in the oven, not pressed between irons". [5] [6] Marshall is consequently often regarded to have been the inventor of the modern ice cream cone. [2] [7] [8] [9]

Iced Pudding, a la Chesterfield, in Charles Elme Francatelli's The Modern Cook, first published in 1846. The illustration is one of the earliest to show something akin to ice cream cones, arranged around the base of the iced dessert. Francatelli described the cones as "gauffres, filled with some of the ice cream". Francatelli's Modern Cook - Iced Pudding, a la Chesterfield (detail).jpg
Iced Pudding, a la Chesterfield, in Charles Elmé Francatelli's The Modern Cook , first published in 1846. The illustration is one of the earliest to show something akin to ice cream cones, arranged around the base of the iced dessert. Francatelli described the cones as "gauffres, filled with some of the ice cream".

20th century

The Ice Cream Sandwich or Ice Cream Cornucopia trademark was registered with the state of Missouri and introduced at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. Historic Trademarks - Ice Cream Sandwich.jpg
The Ice Cream Sandwich or Ice CreamCornucopia trademark was registered with the state of Missouri and introduced at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904.

In the United States, edible vessels for ice cream took off at the start of the 1900s. Molds for edible ice cream cups entered the scene in 1902 and 1903, with two Italian inventors and ice cream merchants. Antonio Valvona, from Manchester, patented a novel apparatus resembling a cup-shaped waffle iron, made "for baking biscuit-cups for ice-cream" over a gas range. [11] The following year, Italo Marchiony, from New York City, patented an improved design with a break-apart bottom so that more unusual cup shapes could be created out of the delicate waffle batter. [12]

At the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904, after an ice cream vendor ran out of paper cups, a Syrian concessionaire named Ernest A. Hamwi offered a solution by curling a waffle cookie into a receptacle for the ice cream. This is believed by some (although there is much dispute) to be the moment where ice cream cones became mainstream. Hamwi started his own cone-making company a few years later. [13] [14]

Abe Doumar and the Doumar family of Norfolk, Virginia, also claim credit for the ice cream cone. [15] At 16, Doumar began selling paperweights and other items. One night, he bought a waffle from another vendor, Leonidas Kestekidès, who was transplanted from Ghent in Belgium to Norfolk. Doumar rolled the waffle on itself and placed a scoop of ice cream on top. He began selling the cones at the St. Louis Exposition. After his "cones" were successful, Doumar designed and had manufactured a four-iron baking machine. At the Jamestown Exposition in 1907, he and his brothers sold nearly twenty-three thousand cones. After that, Abe bought a semiautomatic 36-iron machine, which produced 20 cones per minute and opened Doumar's Cones and BBQ in Norfolk, which still operates at the same location. [16] [17]

In 2008, the ice cream cone became the official state dessert of Missouri. [18] [10]

Commerce

By 1912, an inventor by the name of Frederick Bruckman, from Portland, Oregon, perfected a complex machine for molding, baking, and trimming ice cream cones with incredible speed. [19] [20] [21] Inventions like this paved the way for the wholesaling of ice cream cones. He sold his company in 1928 to Nabisco, which is still producing ice cream cones as of 2017. Other ice cream providers such as Ben & Jerry's make their own cones.

Prefilling

In 1928, J. T. "Stubby" Parker of Fort Worth, Texas, created an ice cream cone that could be stored in a grocer's freezer, with the cone and the ice cream frozen together as one item. [22] He formed The Drumstick Company in 1931 to market the product, and in 1991 the company was purchased by Nestlé.

In 1959, Spica, an Italian ice cream manufacturer based in Naples, invented a process whereby the inside of the waffle cone was insulated from the ice cream by a layer of oil, sugar and chocolate. Spica registered the name Cornetto in 1960. Initial sales were poor, but in 1976 Unilever bought out Spica and began a mass-marketing campaign throughout Europe. Cornetto has since become one of the most popular ice creams in the world. [23]

In 1979, a patent for a new packaging design by David Weinstein led to easier transportation of commercial ice cream cones. Weinstein's design enabled the ice cream cone to be wrapped in a wax paper package. This made the cones more sanitary while also preventing the paper wrapper from peeling off during transportation, or from becoming stuck to the cone. [24]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cookie</span> Small, flat and sweetened baked food

A cookie or biscuit is a baked snack or dessert that is typically small, flat, and sweet. It usually contains flour, sugar, egg, and some type of oil, fat, or butter. It may include other ingredients such as raisins, oats, chocolate chips, or nuts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dessert</span> Sweet course that concludes a meal

Dessert is a course that concludes a meal. The course consists of sweet foods, such as cake, biscuit, ice cream and possibly a beverage such as dessert wine and liqueur. Some cultures sweeten foods that are more commonly savory to create desserts. In some parts of the world there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ice cream</span> Frozen dessert

Ice cream is a frozen dessert typically made from milk or cream that has been flavoured with a sweetener, either sugar or an alternative, and a spice, such as cocoa or vanilla, or with fruit, such as strawberries or peaches. Food colouring is sometimes added in addition to stabilizers. The mixture is cooled below the freezing point of water and stirred to incorporate air spaces and prevent detectable ice crystals from forming. It can also be made by whisking a flavoured cream base and liquid nitrogen together. The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures. It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cake</span> Flour-based baked sweet

Cake is a flour confection made from flour, sugar, and other ingredients and is usually baked. In their oldest forms, cakes were modifications of bread, but cakes now cover a wide range of preparations that can be simple or elaborate and which share features with desserts such as pastries, meringues, custards, and pies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waffle</span> Batter- or dough-based food

A waffle is a dish made from leavened batter or dough that is cooked between two plates that are patterned to give a characteristic size, shape, and surface impression. There are many variations based on the type of waffle iron and recipe used. Waffles are eaten throughout the world, particularly in Belgium, which has over a dozen regional varieties. Waffles may be made fresh or simply heated after having been commercially cooked and frozen.

<i>Taiyaki</i> Japanese fish-shaped cake

Taiyaki is a Japanese fish-shaped cake, commonly sold as street food. It imitates the shape of tai, which it is named after. The most common filling is red bean paste that is made from sweetened adzuki beans. Other common fillings may be custard, chocolate, cheese, or sweet potato. Some shops even sell taiyaki with okonomiyaki, gyoza filling, or a sausage inside. Smaller, differently shaped versions called kingyoyaki are also available and often sold in bags of five, ten, or more.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gelato</span> Italian ice cream

Gelato is the common word in Italian for all types of ice cream. In English, it specifically refers to a frozen dessert of Italian origin. Artisanal gelato in Italy generally contains 6–9% butterfat, which is lower than other styles of frozen dessert. Gelato typically contains 35% air and more flavoring than other types of frozen desserts, giving it an intense flavor with creamy, smooth texture, density and richness that distinguishes it from other ice creams.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drumstick (frozen dairy dessert)</span> Type of ice cream cone dessert

Drumstick is the brand name, owned by Froneri, a joint venture between Nestlé and PAI Partners, for a variety of frozen dessert-filled ice cream cones sold in the United States, Australia, Canada, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and other countries. The original product was invented by I.C. Parker of the Drumstick Company of Fort Worth, Texas, in 1928.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ice cream sandwich</span> Frozen dessert typically composed of ice cream between two biscuits

An ice cream sandwich is a frozen dessert consisting of ice cream between two biscuits, wafers, soft cookies, or other baked goods. The ingredients are different around the world, with Ireland using wafers and the United States commonly using cookies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cornetto (frozen dessert)</span> Italian brand of ice cream

Cornetto is an Italian brand of ice cream cone dessert, which is manufactured and owned by parent company Unilever. Cornetto are sold as part of the Heartbrand product line, known internationally by different names, including Algida in Italy, Wall's in the UK and Pakistan, HB in the Republic of Ireland, Frigo in Spain, and Kwality Wall's in India. Many variations of the product exist, ranging from milk-based ice cream to vegetable fat-based dessert.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waffle iron</span> Device used to cook waffles

A waffle iron or waffle maker is a kitchen utensil used to cook waffles between two hinged metal plates. Both plates have gridded indentations to shape the waffle from the batter or dough placed between them. The plates are heated and the iron is closed while the waffle bakes. Waffles are a quick bread with a light and sweet flavor, similar to pancakes. Their appearance is much harder to achieve than a pancake's without a waffle iron. Similar technology is employed to bake wafers, and several other snacks including kue gapit, a waffle-shaped but crunchy Indonesian snack which can be made with both sweet and savoury flavours.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cookie dough</span> Mix of uncooked cookie ingredients

Cookie dough is an uncooked blend of cookie ingredients. While cookie dough is normally intended to be baked into individual cookies before eating, edible cookie dough is made to be eaten as is, and usually is made without eggs to make it safer for human consumption.

<i>Krumkake</i> Norwegian waffle wrapped into a conical shape after baking

Krumkake is a Norwegian waffle cookie made of flour, butter, eggs, sugar, and cream.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bombe glacée</span> Frozen dessert

A bombe glacée, or simply a bombe, is a French ice cream dessert frozen in a spherical mould so as to resemble a cannonball, hence the name ice cream bomb. Escoffier gives over sixty recipes for bombes in Le Guide culinaire. The dessert appeared on restaurant menus as early as 1882.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tuile</span> French wafer

A tuile is a baked wafer, French in origin, generally arced in shape, that is made most often from dough, often served as an accompaniment of other dishes. Tuile is the French word for tile, after the shape of roof tiles that the arced baked good most often resembles. Tuiles are commonly added as garnishes to desserts such as panna cotta or used as edible cups for sorbet or ice cream.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barquillo</span> Spanish biscuit snack

Barquillo is a crispy rolled wafer pastry originating in Spain. It is made from the basic cookie ingredients of flour, sugar, egg whites and butter rolled out thinly and then shaped into a hollow cylinder or a cone. It was traditionally sold by roadside vendors known as barquilleros who carried a characteristic red roulette tin. It was introduced to Latin America and the Philippines during colonial times. In Spain and former Spanish colonies, barquillos are commonly regarded as a type of Christmas cookie. It is also popular during various fiestas. It spread to neighboring countries and today is extremely popular in East and Southeast Asian countries.

References

  1. "The History of the Ice Cream Cone". International Dairy Foods Association.
  2. 1 2 3 Weiss, Laura B. (2012). Ice Cream: A Global History. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 74–75. ISBN   978-1-86189-992-7.
  3. Archambault, Julien (1825). Le Cuisinier économe ou Élémens nouveaux de cuisine, de pâtisserie et d'office (in French). Paris: Librairie du commerce. p. 346.
  4. Day, Ivan. "Wafer Making". Historic Food. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  5. Stradley, Linda. "History of Ice Cream Cone". What's Cooking America. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
  6. Weir, Robert. "An 1807 Ice Cream Cone: Discovery and Evidence". Historic Food. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
  7. Montague, Charlotte (2018). Women of Invention: Life-Changing Ideas by Remarkable Women. New York: Chartwell Books. p. 137. ISBN   978-0-7858-3500-4.
  8. Kurlansky, Mark (2018). Milk!: A 10,000-Year Food Fracas. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 133–135. ISBN   978-1-63286-384-3.
  9. Paterson, Michael (2013). "Chapter 3: What They Ate". A Brief History of Life in Victorian Britain. Philadelphia: Running Press. ISBN   978-1-4721-0767-1.
  10. 1 2 Archives, Missouri State (1905-06-17), Historic Trademarks - Ice Cream Sandwich , retrieved 2021-08-04
  11. USpatent 701776,Antonio Valona,"Apparatus for baking biscuit-cups for ice-cream",issued 1902-06-03
  12. USpatent 746971,Italo Marchiony,"Mold",issued 1903-12-15 Archived 2021-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
  13. Kennedy, Pagan (31 May 2013). "Who Made That Ice-Cream Cone?". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
  14. "The History of the Ice Cream Cone".
  15. Marlowe, Jack. "Zalabia and the First Ice-Cream Cone". www.aramcoworld.com (Issue July/August 2003). Aramco Services Company. Retrieved 2016-02-16.
  16. The Ocean View Nickel Tour - Part VII Archived 2015-02-17 at the Wayback Machine . Rkpuma.com. Retrieved on 2015-11-20.
  17. History | Doumar's. Doumars.com (2013-06-16). Retrieved on 2015-11-20.
  18. IT, Missouri Secretary of State -. "The State Dessert - Missouri Secretary of State". sos.mo.gov. Retrieved 2018-01-27.
  19. USpatent 1071027,F. A. Bruckman,"Automatic Pastry Making Machine",issued 1913-08-26 Archived 2021-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
  20. USpatent 1138450,F. A. Bruckman,"Ice Cream Cone Machine",issued 1915-05-04[ permanent dead link ]
  21. USpatent 1091729,F. A. Bruckman,"Oven For Ice Cream Cone Molding Devices",issued 1914-03-31 Archived 2021-04-25 at the Wayback Machine
  22. Funderburg, Anne Cooper (1995). Chocolate, Strawberry, and Vanilla: A History Of American Ice Cream. Popular Press. ISBN   9780879726928 . Retrieved June 10, 2012.
  23. "Cone History – Comaco Alimentare" . Retrieved 2020-10-19.
  24. "The United States Patent and Trademark Office". Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2012.

Further reading