1st Ice Hockey World Championships | |
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Tournament details | |
Host country | Belgium |
Dates | April 23–29, 1920 |
Format | Bergvall System |
Teams | 7 |
Final positions | |
Champions | Canada Winnipeg Falcons (1st title) |
Runner-up | United States |
Third place | Czechoslovakia |
Fourth place | Sweden |
Tournament statistics | |
Games played | 10 |
Goals scored | 99 (9.9 per game) |
Attendance | 6,946 (695 per game) |
Scoring leader(s) | Herb Drury (14 points) |
Ice hockey was introduced to the Olympic Games at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. [1] [2] The tournament also served as the first World Championships. The matches were played between April 23 and April 29, 1920. Canada, represented by the Winnipeg Falcons, won the gold medal. [3] The silver went to the United States and Czechoslovakia took the bronze.
The organizing committee for the hockey matches included Paul Loicq, the captain of the Belgian team and a future president of the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG). [4] The games used the Canadian ice hockey rules, and the Bergvall system to determine medal winning teams. [5]
The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) chose the Winnipeg Falcons as the 1920 Allan Cup champions to represent the Canada men's national team, instead of forming a national all-star team on short notice. [6] [7] Canada's manager W. A. Hewitt, introduced the CAHA rules of play to the LIHG at the Olympics. [8] Writer Andrew Podnieks described Hewitt's interpretation of the rules as "competitive yet gentlemanly", and that the rules of play were accepted for Olympic hockey. [9] Hewitt refereed the first Olympic hockey game played, an 8–0 win by the Sweden men's national team versus the Belgium men's national team, on April 23, 1920. [10]
All matches took place in the Palais de Glace d'Anvers (ice palace of Antwerp). [3] The rink was smaller than North American standards, measuring 56 metres (184 ft) long by 18 metres (59 ft) wide. All games were played with seven players per side, with the rover position being used. For the duration of each match no substitutions were permitted and if a player exited the game due to injury the opposing team was forced to take a player out as well. Additional differences from modern play included a prohibition on forward passing and the requirement that all players including the goaltender be standing on his skates to play the puck. [4] The duration of each game was two periods of twenty minutes each. [3] Any game tied at the end of forty minutes would be extended by two periods of five minutes each, not sudden death. If tied at the end of fifty minutes, this process would repeat—and repeat as many times as needed until a winner is declared.
This was the first ice hockey tournament at an Olympic Games, and the only ever instance of it at a Summer Olympics. [3] An ice hockey tournament was part of the inaugural Winter Olympics in 1924 and has been part of every Winter program since then.
A total of 60 ice hockey players from 7 nations competed at the Antwerp Games:
Seven nations entered teams in the inaugural Olympic ice hockey tournament. The tournament format used the Bergvall system, starting with an elimination round to determine the gold medal winner, after which teams that lost to the tournament winner would play through a new bracket to determine silver. Finally, teams which lost to either the gold or silver winners would face off in a third bracket to determine the bronze winner. For the gold medal round, teams were drawn into the bracket with France receiving a bye to the semifinals.
At the time of draw, the Swedish team questioned how the matchups for the later rounds would be determined and it was believed that teams advancing further in the earlier round would receive a bye. [4] However, no decision was made and when it came time for the silver medal round Sweden and the United States were selected to play a semifinal game while Czechoslovakia received the bye. Later for the bronze medal round, organizers wanted to ensure the tournament would conclude on schedule but were reluctant to force the Czechoslovakians to play twice in one day. As a result, the Swedish team were made to play another semifinal game which would be their fourth in as many days with the bronze medal game the following day. This led to criticism of the format despite Bergvall later noting that the system was not used correctly. [4]
Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Gold Medal Game | ||||||||
April 23 | ||||||||||
Sweden | 8 | |||||||||
April 25 | ||||||||||
Belgium | 0 | |||||||||
Sweden | 4 | |||||||||
France | 0 | |||||||||
April 26 | ||||||||||
Canada | 12 | |||||||||
April 24 | ||||||||||
Sweden | 1 | |||||||||
United States | 29 | |||||||||
April 25 | ||||||||||
Switzerland | 0 | |||||||||
Canada | 2 | |||||||||
April 24 | ||||||||||
United States | 0 | |||||||||
Canada | 15 | |||||||||
Czechoslovakia | 0 | |||||||||
23 April 1920 21:30 | Sweden | 8 – 0 (5–0, 3–0) | Belgium | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seth Howander | Goalies | François Vergult | Referee: W. A. Hewitt | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 min | Penalties | 6 min | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 April 1920 17:00 | United States | 29 – 0 (15–0, 14–0) | Switzerland | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ray Bonney | Goalies | René Savoie | Referee: Raoul Le Mat | ||
| |||||
7 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
24 April 1920 21:30 | Canada | 15 – 0 (7–0, 8–0) | Czechoslovakia | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Walter Byron | Goalies | Jan Peka | |||
| |||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
25 April 1920 17:00 | Sweden | 4 – 0 (2–0, 2–0) | France | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seth Howander | Goalies | Jacques Gaittet | Referee: Ernie Garon | |||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | ||||||||||||
Shots | 1 |
25 April 1920 21:00 | Canada | 2 – 0 (0–0, 2–0) | United States | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Walter Byron | Goalies | Ray Bonney | Referee: Alfred de Rauch | |||||
| ||||||||
7 min | Penalties | 5 min | ||||||
26 April 1920 22:00 | Canada | 12 – 1 (5–1, 7–0) | Sweden | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Walter Byron | Goalies | Seth Howander | Referee: Joseph McCormick | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Semifinal | Silver Medal Game | |||||
April 27 | ||||||
United States | 7 | |||||
April 28 | ||||||
Sweden | 0 | |||||
United States | 16 | |||||
Czechoslovakia | 0 | |||||
27 April 1920 22:00 | United States | 7 – 0 (5–0, 2–0) | Sweden | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cy Weidenborner | Goalies | Seth Howander | |||
| |||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
28 April 1920 22:00 | United States | 16 – 0 (7–0, 9–0) | Czechoslovakia | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cy Weidenborner | Goalies | Jan Peka | Referee: Paul Loicq | ||
| |||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
Semifinal | Bronze Medal Game | |||||
April 28 | ||||||
Sweden | 4 | |||||
April 29 | ||||||
Switzerland | 0 | |||||
Czechoslovakia | 1 | |||||
Sweden | 0 | |||||
28 April 1920 23:30 | Sweden | 4 – 0 (0–0, 4–0) | Switzerland | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbe Jansson | Goalies | René Savoie | Referee: Frank Fredrickson | |||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | ||||||||||||
29 April 1920 23:00 | Czechoslovakia | 1 – 0 (1–0, 0–0) | Sweden | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karel Wälzer | Goalies | Seth Howander | Referee: Frank Fredrickson | ||
| |||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
2 | Shots | 48 |
Team France was the oldest team in the tournament, averaging 32 years and 11 months. Gold medalists team Canada was the youngest team in the tournament, averaging 24 years and 5 months. Tournament average was 26 years and 9 months. [11]
Player | GP | G |
---|---|---|
Herb Drury (USA) | 4 | 14 |
Frank Fredrickson (CAN) | 3 | 12 |
Anthony Conroy (USA) | 4 | 10 |
Haldor Halderson (CAN) | 3 | 9 |
Joe McCormick (USA) | 3 | 8 |
Moose Goheen (USA) | 6 | 7 |
Larry McCormick (USA) | 1 | 5 |
Erik Burman (SWE) | 5 | 4 |
Gerry Geran (USA) | 2 | 3 |
Magnus Goodman (CAN) | 3 | 3 |
Source: olympedia.org
Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada | 3 | 3 | 0 | 29 | 1 | +28 | |
United States | 4 | 3 | 1 | 52 | 2 | +50 | |
Czechoslovakia | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 31 | −30 | |
4 | Sweden | 6 | 3 | 3 | 17 | 20 | −3 |
5 | Switzerland | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 33 | −33 |
5 | France | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | −4 |
5 | Belgium | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | −8 |
The Ice Hockey World Championships are an annual international men's ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). First officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The IIHF was created in 1908 while the European Championships, the precursor to the World Championships, were first held in 1910. The tournament held at the 1920 Summer Olympics is recognized as the first Ice Hockey World Championship. From 1920 to 1968, the Olympic hockey tournament was also considered the World Championship for that year.
The Canada men's national ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Canada internationally. The team is overseen by Hockey Canada, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. From 1920 until 1963, Canada's international representation was by senior amateur club teams. Canada's national men's team was founded in 1963 by Father David Bauer as a part of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association, playing out of the University of British Columbia. The nickname "Team Canada" was first used for the 1972 Summit Series and has been frequently used to refer to both the Canadian national men's and women's teams ever since.
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, was the sixth Olympic Championship, also served as the 15th World Championships and the 26th European Championships. Canada won its fifth Olympic gold medal and 12th World Championship, represented by the Ottawa RCAF Flyers team of Canadian Armed Forces personnel. The highest-finishing European team Czechoslovakia, won the silver medal and its eighth European Championship. Bibi Torriani played for Switzerland which won the bronze medal, and became the first ice hockey player to recite the Olympic Oath on behalf of all athletes.
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Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.
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Canada competed at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France. They won one gold medal, in ice hockey.
William Abraham Hewitt was a Canadian sports executive and journalist, also widely known as Billy Hewitt. He was secretary of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) from 1903 to 1966, and sports editor of the Toronto Daily Star from 1900 to 1931. He promoted the establishment of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA), then served as its secretary-treasurer from 1915 to 1919, registrar from 1921 to 1925, registrar-treasurer from 1925 to 1961, and a trustee of the Allan Cup and Memorial Cup. Hewitt standardized player registrations in Canada, was a committee member to discuss professional-amateur agreements with the National Hockey League, and negotiated working agreements with amateur hockey governing bodies in the United States. He oversaw referees within the OHA, and negotiated common rules of play for amateur and professional leagues as chairman of the CAHA rules committee. After retiring from journalism, he was the managing-director of Maple Leaf Gardens from 1931 to 1948, and chairman of the committee to select the inaugural members of the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1945.
The Winnipeg Falcons were a senior men's amateur ice hockey team based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Winnipeg Falcons won the 1920 Allan Cup. That team went on to represent Canada in the 1920 Olympic games held in Antwerp, Belgium. There the Falcons, soundly beating all their opponents, won for Canada the first Olympic gold medal in ice hockey.
Paul Loicq was a Belgian lawyer, businessman and ice hockey player, coach, referee and administrator. He played ice hockey for Belgium men's national ice hockey team and won four bronze medals from in 1910 to 1914. He was a leading supporter of the efforts to introduce ice hockey at the Olympic Games, and served on the organizing committee for ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics. After playing in the 1920 Olympics he served as president of the Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation from 1920 to 1935, and as president of the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG) from 1922 to 1947, which was later known as the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). During his time as president the LIHG more than doubled its membership and welcomed the first national associations from Asia and Africa, and the LIHG began hosting its annual Ice Hockey World Championships in 1930. He was also an international ice hockey referee from 1924 to 1937 at the Olympic Games, the Ice Hockey World Championships and the Ice Hockey European Championships. He served in the Belgian Army during World War I and World War II, achieved the rank of colonel, and represented Belgium as legal counsel at the Nuremberg trials.
The Canadian men's national under-20 ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Canada internationally in under-20 competition. Their primary participation in this age group comes at the International Ice Hockey Federation's World Junior Championship, held annually every December and January. The team also participates in various exhibition matches and occasional exhibition series, such as the 2007 Super Series against their Russian counterparts, an eight-game exhibition series commemorating the 35th anniversary of the 1972 Summit Series.
The 1947 Ice Hockey World Championships were the 14th World Championships and 25th European Championship was the first after the Second World War. It was held from 15 to 23 February 1947 at Štvanice Stadium in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Eight teams participated, but the competition was notably missing the reigning world champion, Canada. The world champion was decided for the first time by round robin league play. Czechoslovakia won the world championship for the first time and the European championship for the seventh time. King Gustav V had sent a telegram of congratulations to the Swedish team after beating the Czechoslovaks, but they had barely finished celebrating when they were upset by the Austrians, costing them the gold medal.
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The 1967 Ice Hockey World Championships was the 34th edition of the Ice Hockey World Championships. The tournament was held in Vienna, Austria from March 18 to March 29, 1967. The Soviet Union won the tournament for the fifth straight year, Sweden won the silver medal, and Canada claimed the bronze medal.
The 1935 Allan Cup was the senior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) for the 1934–35 season. In the best-of-three final, the Halifax Wolverines defeated the Port Arthur Bearcats two games to none.
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The International Ice Hockey Association was a governing body for international ice hockey. It was established in 1940 when the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association wanted more control over international hockey, and was in disagreement with the definition of amateur used by the International Olympic Committee. The Amateur Hockey Association of the United States co-founded the association, with the British Ice Hockey Association joining later. The association oversaw the relationships between the National Hockey League, and leagues within the national amateur associations. W. G. Hardy served as its president, and planned for an amateur hockey World Series after World War II. The association was merged into the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace in 1947.