Football at the 1920 Summer Olympics

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1920 Men's Olympic Football Tournament
Olympic rings without rims.svg
Tournament details
Host countryBelgium
Dates28 August – 5 September 1920
Teams15 (from 2 confederations)
Venue(s)4 (in 3 host cities)
Final positions
ChampionsFlag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium (1st title)
Runners-upFlag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg  Spain
Third placeFlag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Fourth placeFlag of Italy (1861-1946).svg  Italy
Tournament statistics
Matches played17
Goals scored70 (4.12 per match)
Attendance150,600 (8,859 per match)
Top scorer(s) Flag of Sweden.svg Herbert Carlsson
(7 goals)
1912
1924

Football was one of the 154 events at the 1920 Summer Olympics, held in Antwerp, Belgium. It was the fifth time association football was on the Olympic schedule. The tournament expanded to 15 countries, including a non-European nation (Egypt) for the first time. [1]

Contents

As these were the first Olympics after World War I, the football teams representing the Central Powers were not invited (Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey). The English Football Association had also withdrawn from FIFA, together with the associations of the other UK Home Nations (Scotland, Ireland and Wales), after their demands that the federations of Germany, Austria and Hungary be expelled from that organisation were rejected: FIFA nevertheless accepted the entry of a team from Great Britain (representing the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland), ruling that countries entering the Olympic Games in other sports should not be excluded from the football tournament. [2]

Britain had won the 1908 and 1912 gold medals, but were beaten by Norway 3–1 in the first round: the Norway national football team thus celebrated one of their iconic victories, alongside the elimination of Nazi Germany at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the 1993 win over England in World Cup qualifying, and the 2–1 defeat of reigning world champions Brazil at the 1998 World Cup.

Hosts Belgium won the gold medal, with the final being abandoned in the 39th minute with Belgium leading 2–0 after Czechoslovakia – who participated in an international competition for the first time – walked off to protest the officiating: the Czechslovaks were subsequently ejected from the competition. [1]

As a result of Czechoslovakia's ejection and Belgium having received a first-round bye, the beaten quarter-finalists (Italy, Norway, Spain and Sweden) faced each other to determine who would play the Netherlands (who were beaten in their semifinal by Belgium), who were now assured of a medal.

The tournament ended with Belgium winning the gold medal, with Spain winning the silver and the Netherlands winning the bronze. [3] [4] [2]

Venues

Antwerp Antwerp
Olympisch Stadion Stadion Broodstraat
Capacity: 35,000Capacity: Not known
Olympisch Stadion Antwerp 2.jpg
Ghent Brussels
Jules Ottenstadion Stade Joseph Marien
Capacity: Not knownCapacity: Not known
Gentbruggeottenstadion 16072009.jpg Stade Joseph Marien.JPG

Squads

Tournament

15 teams entered the competition, which was organized on a knockout basis, but Switzerland withdrew on the morning before the first round due to internal dissent: their opponent, France, was awarded a 2–0 victory.

As such, 12 teams entered the first round, with the winners joining France and Belgium, which were awarded a bye due to their condition as hosts, in the quarter-finals.

Norway defeated Great Britain in the first round, considered by Elo as one of the greatest football upsets of all time. [5]

Czechoslovakia, participating in their first international tournament, made it to the final, beating Kingdom of SCS (who also played their first ever international match in the competition), Norway, and France, while Belgium, after their first-round bye, beat Spain and the Netherlands to qualify for the final.

The final was abandoned in the 39th minute and Belgium were awarded the gold medal after Czechoslovakia walked off to protest the officiating of the English referee, John Lewis, and his linesmen. [6]

A form of the Bergvall System [7] was used to determine the silver and bronze medals: firstly, the beaten quarter-finalists played off, and Spain emerged triumphant, overcoming Sweden 2–1 and Italy 2–0.

Under the original format, Spain would have played off against the teams beaten in the main tournament by gold medalists Belgium, with the winners of these matches playing off for silver and bronze medals. However, Czechoslovakia had been ejected from the competition, and Belgium had received a first-round bye: therefore, the semi-finals were scratched, and Spain advanced to the silver and bronze medal match against the Netherlands, who had been beaten by Belgium in their semi-final. Spain won the match 3–1.

Exhibition match

This match was not part of the tournament, but was organized after both teams were eliminated. Some sources erroneously refer to this as an eighth-place match or as part of the silver and bronze medal tournament.

Egypt  Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg4–2 Flag of Yugoslavia (1918-1943).svg Kingdom of SCS
Abaza Soccerball shade.svg43', ??'
Allouba Soccerball shade.svg??'
Hegazi Soccerball shade.svg??'
Report Dubravčić Soccerball shade.svg??'
Ružić Soccerball shade.svg??'
Olympic Stadium, Antwerp
Attendance: 500
Referee: Rafael van Praag (NED)

Results

Original bracket

First round Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final
        
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 3
Flag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg  Spain 1
Flag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg  Spain 1
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 0
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 3
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 0
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 9
State flag of Greece (1863-1924;1935-73).svg  Greece 0
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 4
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands (a.e.t.)5
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 0
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 3
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 2
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia 0
Flag of France (1794-1815, 1830-1958).svg  France 2
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 0
Flag of France (1794-1815, 1830-1958).svg  France 3
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg  Italy 1
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg  Italy 2
Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg  Egypt 1
Flag of France (1794-1815, 1830-1958).svg  France 1
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia 4
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia 7
Flag of Yugoslavia (1918-1943).svg  Kingdom of SCS 0
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia 4
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 0
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain 1
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 3

First round

Czechoslovakia  Flag of the Czech Republic.svg7–0 Flag of Yugoslavia (1918-1943).svg Kingdom of SCS
Vanik Soccerball shade.svg20', 46', 79'
Janda Soccerball shade.svg34', 50', 75'
Sedláček Soccerball shade.svg43'
Report
Attendance: 600
Referee: Raphael Van Praag (BEL)

Spain  Flag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg1–0Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Arabolaza Soccerball shade.svg54' Report
Attendance: 3,000
Referee: Willem Eymers (NED)

Italy  Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg2–1Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg  Egypt
Baloncieri Soccerball shade.svg25'
Brezzi Soccerball shade.svg57'
Report Osman Soccerball shade.svg30'
Attendance: 2,000
Referee: Paul Putz (BEL)

Norway  Flag of Norway.svg3–1Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Gundersen Soccerball shade.svg13', 51'
Wilhelms Soccerball shade.svg63'
Report Nicholas Soccerball shade.svg25'
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Johannes Mutters (NED)

Netherlands  Flag of the Netherlands.svg3–0Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg
J. Bulder Soccerball shade.svg30'
Groosjohan Soccerball shade.svg47', 85'
Report
Attendance: 3,000
Referee: Georges Hubrecht (BEL)

France  Flag of France (1794-1815, 1830-1958).svg2–0
Awarded
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland

Sweden  Flag of Sweden.svg9–0Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Greece
Olsson Soccerball shade.svg4', 79'
Karlsson Soccerball shade.svg15', 20', 21', 51', 85'
Wicksell Soccerball shade.svg25'
Dahl Soccerball shade.svg31'
Report
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Charles Barette (BEL)

Bye: Belgium  Flag of Belgium (civil).svg

Quarter-finals

Netherlands  Flag of the Netherlands.svg5–4 (a.e.t.)Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Groosjohan Soccerball shade.svg10', 57'
J. Bulder Soccerball shade.svg44', 88' (pen.)
De Natris Soccerball shade.svg115'
Report Karlsson Soccerball shade.svg16', 32'
Olsson Soccerball shade.svg20'
Dahl Soccerball shade.svg72'
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Josef Fanta (TCH)

Czechoslovakia  Flag of the Czech Republic.svg4–0Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Vanik Soccerball shade.svg8'
Janda Soccerball shade.svg17', 66', 77'
Report
Attendance: 4,000
Referee: Charles Barette (BEL)

France  Flag of France (1794-1815, 1830-1958).svg3–1Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg  Italy
Boyer Soccerball shade.svg10'
Nicolas Soccerball shade.svg14'
Bard Soccerball shade.svg54'
Report Brezzi Soccerball shade.svg33' (pen.)
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Henri Christophe (BEL)

Belgium  Flag of Belgium (civil).svg3–1Flag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg  Spain
Coppée Soccerball shade.svg11', 52', 55' Report Arrate Soccerball shade.svg62' (pen.)
Attendance: 18,000
Referee: Johannes Mutters (NED)

Semi-finals

Czechoslovakia  Flag of the Czech Republic.svg4–1Flag of France (1794-1815, 1830-1958).svg  France
Mazal Soccerball shade.svg18', 75', 87'
Steiner Soccerball shade.svg70'
Report Boyer Soccerball shade.svg79'
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Johannes Mutters (NED)

Belgium  Flag of Belgium (civil).svg3–0Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Larnoe Soccerball shade.svg46'
Van Hege Soccerball shade.svg55'
Bragard Soccerball shade.svg85'
Report
Attendance: 22,000
Referee: John Lewis (GBR)

Gold medal match

Belgian striker Robert Coppee opens the scoring of the final, with a penalty kick against goalkeeper Rudolf Klapka 1920 Olympic football final (Belgium v. Czechoslovakia), penalty Coppee.jpg
Belgian striker Robert Coppée opens the scoring of the final, with a penalty kick against goalkeeper Rudolf Klapka

The final was highly controversial, and is the only time as of 2024 that an international final has been abandoned: Belgium were awarded the gold medal after Czechoslovakia walked off the pitch in the 39th minute with Belgium leading 2–0 to protest the officiating after Czechoslovak left-back Karel Steiner was ejected for assaulting Belgian striker Robert Coppée.

The Czechoslovaks were also deeply dissatisfied with the performance of the 65-year-old English referee, John Lewis, as well as that of the English linesmen, Charles Wreford-Brown and Arthur Knight, who had allowed a contentious second Belgian goal by Henri Larnoe in the 30th minute.

Lewis, Wreford-Brown and Knight had officiated the Belgian semi-final victory over the Netherlands two days earlier, a match observed by the Czechoslovaks (it had taken place on the same day and in the same stadium as their own semi-final victory against France).

The Czechoslovaks immediately protested the result of the final, [note 1] but their protest was dismissed, and the Czechoslovak team was immediately ejected from the competition.

Belgium  Flag of Belgium (civil).svg2–0
Awarded
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia
Coppée Soccerball shade.svg6' (pen.)
Larnoe Soccerball shade.svg30'
Report
Attendance: 35,000
Referee: John Lewis (GBR)

Silver and bronze medal tournament

Repechage bracket

The original format was based on a form of the Bergvall System: after a knockout tournament between the four teams beaten in the quarter-finals, the winner of that tournament would play off in the semi-finals with the teams beaten in the main tournament by the gold medalists (Belgium), with the winners of these matches playing off for silver and bronze medals.

However, Czechoslovakia had been ejected from the competition, and Belgium had received a first-round bye: therefore, the semi-finals were scratched, and Spain (the winner of the beaten quarter-finalists tournament) advanced to the silver and bronze medal match against the Netherlands (who had been beaten in the semifinals by gold medalists Belgium).

First roundSecond roundSilver and bronze medal match
QFFlag of Italy (1861-1946).svg  Italy (a.e.t.)2
SFFlag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 1
QFFlag of Norway.svg  Norway 1
QFFlag of Italy (1861-1946).svg  Italy 0QFFlag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg  Spain 3
QFFlag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg  Spain 2
QFFlag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg  Spain 2
QFFlag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 1

First round

Italy  Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg2–1 [note 2] (a.e.t.)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Sardi Soccerball shade.svg46'
Badini Soccerball shade.svg123'
Report Andersen Soccerball shade.svg41'
Attendance: 500
Referee: Louis Fourgous (France)

Spain  Flag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg2–1Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Belauste Soccerball shade.svg51'
Acedo Soccerball shade.svg53'
Report Dahl Soccerball shade.svg28'
Attendance: 1,500
Referee: Giovanni Mauro (Italy)

Second round

Spain  Flag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg2–0Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg  Italy
Sesúmaga Soccerball shade.svg43', 72' Report
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Paul Putz (Belgium)

Silver and bronze medal match

Spain  Flag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg3–1Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Sesúmaga Soccerball shade.svg7', 35'
Pichichi Soccerball shade.svg72'
Report Groosjohan Soccerball shade.svg68'
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Paul Putz (Belgium)

Final ranking

Final positions: [2] [8]

PosTeamPldWDLGFGAGDPtsResult
Gold medal icon.svgFlag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 330081+76
Silver medal icon.svgFlag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg  Spain 540195+48
Bronze medal icon.svgFlag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 420291014
4Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg  Italy 42025724Eliminated in playoffs
5Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 3102147+72
6Flag of France.svg  France 21014512
7Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 31024732
8Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg  Egypt 10011210Eliminated in first round
9Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 10010110
10Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain 10011320
11Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 10010330
12 Flag of Yugoslavia (1918-1943).svg Kingdom of SCS 10010770
13Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Greece 10010990
DSQFlag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia 4301153+126Ejected from competition
Source: FIFA

Medalists

Hosts and tournament winners Belgium before the final Belgium 02-09-1920.jpg
Hosts and tournament winners Belgium before the final
Team of Spain, silver medalist Seleccion espanola - Amberes 1920.jpg
Team of Spain, silver medalist
GoldSilverBronze
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium

Coach: Raoul Daufresne

Flag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg  Spain

Coach: Francisco Bru

Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands

Coach: Fred Warburton

Goalscorers

Topscorer Herbert Carlsson Swefootball hcarlsson1919netherlands24aug.jpg
Topscorer Herbert Carlsson
7 goals
6 goals
5 goals
4 goals
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal

Notes

  1. Their protests, translated from the original French, were as follows:
    1. We were allocated an English linesman, which is in contradiction with the rules which state that each participating nation has the right to one of both linesman. This violation of the rules was prejudicial to us during the game, because the English linesman was not impartial and this is why we seek the cancellation of the match. Immediately after the game we brought this notice to the attention of M. Rodolphe Seeldrayers.
    2. The majority of the decisions of the referee Mr. Lewis were wrong and it was obvious that it gave the public the wrong impression about our game. Also both Belgian goals were the result of incorrect decisions of the referee and we seek a rigorous investigation on that point.
    3. During the match, Belgian soldiers were introduced to the crowd until they circled the pitch and because of their provocative presence our players were unable to play their normal game. As a result of the very regrettable incident at the end of the match when there was a pitch invasion led by the soldiers and our national flag was insulted we will not participate until we have received an apology from the (Belgian) soldiers. [7]
  2. After 120 minutes expired with the score tied at 1–1, both captains and the referee agreed to play a second extra time of 2x15 minutes, meaning this match lasted 150 minutes.

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  3. THE VIIth SUMMER GAMES – Football Archived 22 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine on MarcOlympics.org
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  5. World Football Elo Ratings: Biggest Upsets
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  7. 1 2 VIIeme Olympiade, Anvers 1920: Official report on LA84 Digital Library Collection
  8. 1920 Antwerp Olympic Football Tournament on Football Mundial.com