Icelandic Air Policing

Last updated
Icelandic Air Policing
An F-15C Eagle flies over Iceland during Icelandic Air Surveillance and Policing April 22, 2015.jpg
A USAF F-15C Eagle fighter flying over Iceland during an Icelandic Air Policing patrol in April 2015
Location
Iceland
ObjectiveRegular patrols of Icelandic airspace
DatePeriodically since May 2008
Executed by NATO
OutcomeOngoing

Icelandic Air Policing is a NATO operation conducted to patrol Iceland's airspace. As Iceland does not have an air force, in 2006 it requested that its NATO allies periodically deploy fighter aircraft to Keflavik Air Base to provide protection of its airspace. The first deployment of aircraft took place in May 2008.

Contents

Background

As Iceland does not maintain an air force, the country was left without means to patrol its airspace when the United States Air Force (USAF) ceased deploying fighter units to Keflavik Air Base in September 2006, and the U.S. Iceland Defense Force was withdrawn. [1] [2] Following the American withdrawal Russian Air Force 37th Air Army aircraft entered Icelandic airspace on several occasions. [3]

Prime Minister Geir Haarde requested that Iceland's NATO allies assume responsibility for protecting Iceland's airspace during the Riga Summit in November 2006. The North Atlantic Council agreed to this request at its July 2007 meeting. [1] The other NATO member states who lack the ability to patrol their own airspace have similar arrangements in place. [4] In March 2008, Prime Minister Haarde denied that the air policing operation was targeting Russian aircraft, and stated that "It is going to be a general patrolling exercise. We consider Russia to be our friends, by the way." [5]

In contrast with the Baltic Air Policing mission, which involves the continuous presence of fighter aircraft from NATO countries at Šiauliai International Airport in Lithuania and Ämari Air Base in Estonia, the Icelandic government requested that NATO not maintain a permanent force at Keflavik. [1] Instead, an average of three deployments are made per year, with each lasting from three to four weeks. [6] [7] Most deployments involve four fighter aircraft, though the number varies with some being larger. [7]

As of January 2013, NATO had re-designated the deployments to Iceland as being the "Airborne Surveillance and Interception Capabilities to meet Iceland's Peacetime Preparedness Needs" mission, and emphasised to reporters that it was focused on training rather than air policing. [8]

Since 2014 the aircraft deployed to Iceland have been placed on Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) status and flown armed patrols. While these tasks were not previously undertaken, it was decided to commence them in response to the deterioration in relations between Russia and NATO countries following the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and the conflict in Donbass, Ukraine. [9]

In 2018, the deployments to Iceland came under the Allied Air Command and were controlled by NATO's northern Combined Air Operations Centre at Uedem in Germany. [10] The Combined Air Operations Centre manages NATO air policing north of the Alps, including by controlling the Baltic Air Policing operation. [11]

In March 2022 it was reported that the Icelandic government was considering whether a continuous air policing presence was required due to the increased threat resulting from the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Formal discussions of the matter had not yet taken place. [12]

Deployments

The following deployments have been made to Iceland: [13]

DatesNationalityAir ForceUnitAircraftNotesReference
5 May – 30 June 2008Flag of France.svg  France French Air Force EC 01.002 Cigognes 4 x Mirage 2000-5F Deployment had a strength of 110 personnel [14] [15] [16]
September 2008Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 48th Fighter Wing ? x F-15C Eagle [17] [18]
4 - 30 March 2009Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Royal Danish Air Force 727 squadron, 730 squadron and Air Control Wing. 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon 48 personnel deployed [13] [19] [20]
? 2009Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Royal Norwegian Air Force 338 skv & 331 skv? x F-16AM Fighting Falcon [13] [21] [22]
? 2009Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force ?? [13]
1 – 31 March 2010Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Royal Danish Air Force 727 squadron, 730 squadron and Air Control Wing. 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon This deployment included two ground intercept controllers from the Estonian Defence Forces. [19] [23] [24]
1 – 25 June 2010Flag of Germany.svg  Germany German Air Force Jagdgeschwader 71 6 x F-4F Phantom II [25]
6 – 24 September 2010Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 493rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, 48th Fighter Wing 8 x F-15C Eagle About 200 personnel deployed [26] [27]
28 March – 30 April 2011Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Royal Canadian Air Force 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron 5 x CF-18 Hornet About 140 personnel deployed [28] [29]
? 2011Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Royal Norwegian Air Force 331 skv? x F-16AM Fighting Falcon [13] [22]
? 2011Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force ? [13]
5 March – 2 April 2012Flag of Germany.svg  Germany German Air Force Jagdgeschwader 71 6 x F-4F Phantom II [30]
1 May – 7 June 2012Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 493rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron4 X F-15C Eagle 1 x KC-135 Stratotanker & 1 x C-130J Hercules supported deployment [31] [32] [33]
7 August–20 September 2012Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Portuguese Air Force 201 and 301 Squadrons 6 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Detachment had a strength of 70 military personnel [34]
18 March – 28 April 2013Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Royal Canadian Air Force 425 Tactical Fighter Squadron 6 x CF-18 Hornet Detachment consisted of 1 x CC-150 Polaris & 160 Canadian Forces personnel [35]
7 June – 10 July 2013Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Italian Air Force 4° Stormo - 9° Gruppo6 x Eurofighter Typhoon 2 x KC-767, 1 x C-130J Super Hercules and about 150 personnel deployed [36] [37]
November 2013Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 493rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, 48th Air Expeditionary Group6 x F-15C Eagle
2 x Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker personnel deployed		 [38]
27 January – 21 February 2014Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Royal Norwegian Air Force338 skv & 331 skv6 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon About 110 personnel deployed [39] [40] [21] [22]
16 May – 5 June 2014Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 48th Air Expeditionary Group6 x F-15C Eagle 1 x Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker & about 200 personnel deployed [41] [42]
10 October – 3 December 2014Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic Czech Air Force211th Tactical Squadron5 x JAS 39C Gripen 75 personnel deployed [43] [44]
17 April 2015 –Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 871st Air Expeditionary Squadron 4 x F-15C Eagle 1 x Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker and about 200 personnel deployed [45]
27 July – 28 August 2015Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic Czech Air Force211th Tactical Squadron5 x JAS 39C Gripen The detachment conducted 91 sorties, and included 8 pilots and 60 other personnel. [46] [47]
31 August – 1 October 2015Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Royal Danish Air Force ?4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Detachment had a strength of 60 personnel

[48] [49]

4–28 April 2016Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Massachusetts Air National Guard 131st Fighter Squadron 4 x F-15C Eagle 1 x Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker and about 160 personnel deployed [50] [51]
30 May 2016 – ??Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Royal Norwegian Air Force ?4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon 4 weeks June 2016 / About 80 personnel deployed [52]
5 October – late October 2016Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic Czech Air Force211th Tactical Squadron5 x JAS 39C Gripen 75 personnel deployed [53] [54]
16 March – 14 April 2017Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Italian Air Force 4° Stormo6 x Eurofighter Typhoon 145 personnel deployed for 3.011 million Euro [55] [9]
18 May – Mid-June 2017Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Royal Canadian Air Force 433 Tactical Fighter Squadron 6 x CF-18 Hornet Detachment consisted of 154 personnel [56]
23 August – Late September 2017Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Florida Air National Guard 159th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron 6 x F-15C Eagle 1 x KC-135, 1 x KC-10 aircraft and personnel from both the Louisiana and Florida Air National Guard. Detachment included approximately 280 personnel. [57] [58] [59]
14 April 2018 - 30 May 2018Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Royal Danish Air Force Esk 7304 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Approximately 60 personnel [48] [60] [61] [62] [63]
30 July - 31 August 2018Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 493rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron 14 x F-15C Eagle Included 300 personnel [64] [65] [66]
4 September – 5 October 2018Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Italian Air Force 37° Stormo - 18° Gruppo4 x Eurofighter Typhoon 120 personnel deployed [10] [67]
11 March 2019 – 11 April 2019Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Italian Air Force 36° Stormo - 10° Gruppo & 12° Gruppo4 x Eurofighter Typhoon 130 personnel deployed [68] [69] [70] [71]
29 July - 10 August 2019Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 480th Fighter Squadron 5 x F-16C Over 100 personnel deployed [72] [73]
1 – 25 October 2019Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Italian Air Force 32° Stormo - 13° Gruppo6 x F-35A Lightning II F-35's first Icelandic Air Policing deployment. 1 x KC-767 supported deployment [7] [74] [75] [76]
13 November – 10 December 2019Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Royal Air Force No. 1 Squadron 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Approximately 100 personnel [77] [78] [79] [80]
21 February – March 2020Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Royal Norwegian Air Force 332 Squadron4 x F-35A Lightning II 130 military and civilian personnel [81] [82]
9 June – mid-July 2020Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Italian Air Force 32° Stormo - 13° Gruppo6 x F-35A Lightning II 135 military personnel [83] [84]
13 October 2020 - ?Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 493rd Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, 48th Fighter Wing ? x F-15C Eagle [85]
22 February – 5 March 2021Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Royal Norwegian Air Force 332 Squadron 4 x F-35A Lightning II 130 military personnel [86] [87]
July 2021Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 493rd Fighter Squadron, 48th Fighter Wing 3 x F-15C Eagle, 1 x F-15E Strike Eagle [88]
5 August 2021 – 10 October 2021Flag of Poland.svg  Poland Polish Air Force 32nd Air Base 4 x General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon 140 personnel [89]
1 February – 30 March 2022Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Portuguese Air Force 301 Squadron 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon 155 military personnel [90] [91]
25 April – 4 July 2022Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Italian Air Force 32° Stormo - 13° Gruppo4 x F-35A Lightning II
2 x F-35B Lightning II [92] 		130+ military personnel. F-35Bs deployed for one week; 1 x KC-767 & 1 x C-130J supported deployment. [93] [94] [95] [96]
17 August 2022 – Mid-September 2022Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Royal Danish Air Force Esk 727 & Esk 7304 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon [97] [98]
20 January 2023 – 9 February 2023Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Royal Norwegian Air Force 332 Squadron 4 x F-35A Lightning II Approximately 100 personnel [99] [100] [101] [102]
22 October 2023 – 12 November 2023Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 480th Fighter Squadron 4 x F-16C Approximately 100 personnel [103] [104]
15 January – mid-February 2024Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Royal Norwegian Air Force 331 Squadron 4 x F-35A Lightning II Approximately 100 personnel [105] [106]
3 June 2024 – 17 June 2024Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States United States Air Force 492nd Fighter Squadron 4 x F-15E Strike Eagle 120 personnel [107] [108]
5 August - 2 September 2024Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Royal Air Force 617 Squadron 4 x F-35B Lightning II180 personnel [109] [110] [111] [112]

A planned deployment of four British Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoons from No. 3 (F) Squadron in December 2008 was cancelled as a result of the Icesave dispute between Britain and Iceland. [113] [114] Poland also cancelled a planned deployment of F-16 fighters to Iceland in 2010 due to the impact of the financial crisis of 2007–2010. [115] As part of the terms of an agreement signed in March 2019 between the British and Icelandic governments, the RAF was scheduled to undertake an air policing deployment to Iceland in 2019. [116]

Fighter aircraft deployed to Iceland are accompanied by NATO Boeing E-3 Sentry AWACS aircraft to enhance the Iceland Air Defence System radar network as well as other supporting aircraft as required. [4]

In addition to the NATO deployments, fighter aircraft from Finland and Sweden have also undertaken training in Iceland. [9]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurofighter Typhoon</span> 1994 multi-role combat aircraft family by Eurofighter

The Eurofighter Typhoon is a European multinational twin-engine, supersonic, canard delta wing, multirole fighter. The Typhoon was designed originally as an air-superiority fighter and is manufactured by a consortium of Airbus, BAE Systems and Leonardo that conducts the majority of the project through a joint holding company, Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH. The NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency, representing the UK, Germany, Italy and Spain, manages the project and is the prime customer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Air Force</span> Air warfare branch of Italys armed forces

The Italian Air Force is the air force of the Italian Republic. The Italian Air Force was founded as an independent service arm on 28 March 1923 by King Victor Emmanuel III as the Regia Aeronautica. After World War II, when Italy became a republic following a referendum, the Regia Aeronautica was given its current name. Since its formation, the service has held a prominent role in modern Italian military history. The acrobatic display team is the Frecce Tricolori.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hellenic Air Force</span> Air warfare branch of Greeces military

The Hellenic Air Force is the air force of Greece. It is considered to be one of the largest air forces in NATO, and is globally placed 18th out of 139 countries. Under the Kingdom of Greece from 1935 to 1973, it was previously known as the Royal Hellenic Air Force (RHAF).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">No. 9 Squadron RAF</span> Flying squadron of the Royal Air Force

Number 9 Squadron is the oldest dedicated Bomber Squadron of the Royal Air Force. Formed in December 1914, it saw service throughout the First World War, including at the Somme and Passchendaele. During the Second World War, No. IX (B) Squadron was one of two Avro Lancaster units specialising in heavy precision bombing and sank the battleship Tirpitz on 12 November 1944 in Operation Catechism. Between 1962 and April 1982, the squadron flew the Avro Vulcan B.2 as part of the V-Force. In June 1982, it became the first front-line squadron in the world to operate the Panavia Tornado GR.1. In May 1998, No. IX (B) Squadron received the RAF's first Tornado GR.4, which it operated until reequipping with the Eurofighter Typhoon FGR.4 at its present home base of RAF Lossiemouth on 1 April 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RAF Lakenheath</span> Royal Air Force station near Eriswell, Suffolk, United Kingdom

Royal Air Force Lakenheath or RAF Lakenheath is a Royal Air Force station near the village of Lakenheath in Suffolk, England, UK, 4.7 miles (7.6 km) north-east of Mildenhall and 8.3 miles (13.4 km) west of Thetford. The installation's perimeter borders Brandon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">48th Fighter Wing</span> Military unit

The 48th Fighter Wing is part of the United States Air Force's Third Air Force, assigned to Headquarters Air Command Europe and United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). It is based at RAF Lakenheath, England. The 48 FW is the only F-15 wing based in Europe which hosts two F-15E Strike Eagle squadrons. The wing also hosts two F-35A Lightning II squadrons. The 48 FW was given the name "Statue of Liberty Wing" on 4 July 1954 and remains the only U.S. Air Force unit with both a name and a numerical designation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Exercise Red Flag</span> Military exercise

Exercise Red Flag is a two-week advanced aerial combat training exercise held several times a year by the United States Air Force (USAF). It aims to offer realistic air-combat training for military pilots and other flight crew members from the United States and allied countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Belgian Air Component</span> Aviation branch of Belgian Armed Forces

The Belgian Air Component is the air arm of the Belgian Armed Forces, and until January 2002 it was officially known as the Belgian Air Force. It was founded in 1909 and is one of the world's oldest air services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">85th Group</span> Military unit

The 85th Group, formerly the Air Forces Iceland, is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with United States Air Forces in Europe at Naval Air Station Keflavik, Iceland, assigned as a unit of the 48th Fighter Wing whose home station is at RAF Lakenheath, UK. It was inactivated on 28 June 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naval Air Station Keflavik</span> U.S. Navy base at Keflavik Airport, Iceland

Naval Air Station Keflavik (NASKEF) is a United States Navy air station at Keflavík International Airport, Iceland, located on the Reykjanes peninsula on the south-west portion of the island. NASKEF was closed on 8 September 2006, and its facilities were taken over by the Icelandic Defence Agency as their primary base until 1 January 2011, when the Agency was abolished and the base handed over to the Icelandic Coast Guard, which operated the base until 2017. US forces returned to Keflavik in 2016, renovating parts of the base to accommodate P-8As on short duration/expeditionary detachments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 "Richthofen"</span> Military unit

Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 "Richthofen", formerly known as Jagdgeschwader 71Richthofen is a Fighter wing of the German Air Force. JG 71 was West Germany's first operational jet fighter unit. On 29 June 2013 the last F-4F Phantom fighter flew for the last time, before the type was taken out of service. The wing is now equipped with the Eurofighter Typhoon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baltic Air Policing</span> NATO air defence mission

The Baltic air-policing mission is a NATO air defence Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) in order to guard the airspace above the three Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RoAF 57th Air Base</span> Air base in Romania

The Romanian Air Force 57th Air Base "Captain Aviator Constantin Cantacuzino", also known as Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base, is an air base located near Constanța, at the Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport. It is home to the 572nd Helicopter Squadron. The air base also has a significant US Military presence, being the location of the US Army Garrison Black Sea and housing over 4,500 American troops. The current base commander is Comandor Nicolae Crețu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">22nd Air Base</span> Military airport in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland

The 22nd Air Base is a Polish Air Force air base east of Malbork, Poland, near the village of Królewo Malborskie. It was officially constituted on 1 January 2001, replacing the disbanded 41st Fighter Aviation Regiment. The main unit based there is the 41st Air Tactical Squadron flying Mikoyan MiG-29A/UB fighters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">134th Fighter Squadron</span> Vermont Air National Guard unit

The 134th Fighter Squadron, nicknamed the Green Mountain Boys, is a unit of the Vermont Air National Guard 158th Fighter Wing located at Burlington Air National Guard Base, Burlington, Vermont. From 1986 to 2019, the 134th FS were equipped with the General Dynamics F-16C/D Fighting Falcon Block 30. The last F-16s departed Burlington on 6 April 2019 in preparation for the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II which arrived on 19 September 2019. Since becoming an F-35A unit, the Green Mountain Boys are tasked with carrying out the Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">492nd Fighter Squadron</span> Military unit

The 492d Fighter Squadron, nicknamed "the Madhatters", is part of the 48th Fighter Wing at RAF Lakenheath, England, where they operate the McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">493rd Fighter Squadron</span> Military unit

The 493rd Fighter Squadron, nicknamed the Grim Reapers, is part of the United States Air Force's 48th Fighter Wing located at RAF Lakenheath, Suffolk, United Kingdom. The 493rd FS operates the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II. The squadron has earned multiple commendations and awards, including the Air Force Association's Hughes Trophy in 1997 and 1999 and the 2007, 2014, 2016 and 2019 Raytheon Trophies, for being recognized as the top fighter squadron in the United States Air Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">494th Fighter Squadron</span> Military unit

The 494th Fighter Squadron, nicknamed the Panthers, is part of the 48th Fighter Wing at RAF Lakenheath, United Kingdom, where they operate the McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">48th Operations Group</span> Military unit

The 48th Operations Group is the flying component of the 48th Fighter Wing, assigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa. The group is stationed at RAF Lakenheath, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quick Reaction Alert</span> Readiness policy by NATO air forces

Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) is state of readiness and modus operandi of air defence maintained at all hours of the day by NATO air forces. The United States usually refers to Quick Reaction Alert as 'Airspace Control Alert'.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "French Air Force in Iceland". Ministry for Foreign Affairs. 5 May 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  2. ↑ Schogol, Jeff (29 September 2006). "U.S. pledges continued defense help after Keflavik base closes". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  3. ↑ Cornwell, Susan (30 May 2008). "Condoleezza Rice defends Guantanamo". Reuters. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  4. 1 2 "Air Policing". NATO Air Command Operations. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  5. ↑ Bases, Daniel (14 March 2010). "Iceland sees more Russian flights in N. Atlantic". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 June 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  6. ↑ Skarphéðinsson, Össur (14 May 2010). "Iceland's Interests and a Responsible Foreign Policy (executive summary)" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. p. 7. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  7. 1 2 3 Jennings, Gareth (26 September 2019). "Italy deploys F-35 on first NATO mission". Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  8. ↑ Jennings, Gareth (2 January 2012). "NATO approves Swedish, Finnish participation in Icelandic mission". Jane's Defence Weekly. 50 (1): 6.
  9. 1 2 3 Jennings, Gareth (20 March 2017). "Italy deploys Typhoons for Icelandic air policing and training". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  10. 1 2 "Italy takes up NATO air patrols over Iceland". Newsroom. NATO. 4 September 2018. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  11. ↑ "Combined Air Operations Centre Uedem". ac.nato.int. NATO. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  12. ↑ "Does Not Rule Out Changes to Icelandic Air Policing". Iceland Monitor. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Iceland's "Peacetime Preparedness Needs"". Allied Command Operations. Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  14. ↑ "News briefs". Air Forces Monthly. No. 243. Avenel, New Jersey: Key Publishing. June 2008. p. 13. ISSN   0306-5634.
  15. ↑ Mackenzie, Christina. "French Air Defense Umbrella Over Iceland". Archived from the original on 10 January 2014.
  16. ↑ "Allies Mark Ten Years of Safeguarding Icelandic Skies". ac.nato.int. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  17. ↑ Dewitte, Lieven (5 March 2009). "Four Danish F-16s deployed to Iceland". F-16 Conflict News. F-16.net. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  18. ↑ Mladenov, Alexander (August 2009). "The Russian bear gets restless again". Air Forces Monthly. No. 257. Avenel, New Jersey: Key Publishing. p. 63. ISSN   0306-5634.
  19. 1 2 "F-16s in Operation Iceland Air Policing and Surveillance". F-16 Aircraft Database. F-16.net. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  20. ↑ "Learning from the F-16" (PDF). cms.polsci.ku.dk. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  21. 1 2 "338th skvadron (RNoAF)". f-16.net. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  22. 1 2 3 "331st skvadron (RNoAF)". f-16.net. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  23. ↑ Hansen, Kurt. "Icelandic Air Policing and Surveillance (ISLAPS) for NATO – Royal Danish Air Force is doing it again!". Headquarters Allied Air Command Ramstein. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  24. ↑ TBT staff (9 March 2008). "Estonia to patrol Iceland airspace". The Baltic Times. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  25. ↑ "German Air Force ensures protection of the Icelandic Airspace for the first time". Headquarters Allied Air Command Ramstein. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  26. ↑ Linch, Stephen (21 September 2010). "RAF Mildenhall Airmen fuel NATO's Icelandic Air Policing Mission". Royal Air Force Lakenheath. Archived from the original on 26 September 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  27. ↑ "COMUSAFE gets inside view of NATO's Icelandic Air Policing mission". www.lakenheath.af.mil. 27 September 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  28. ↑ "Operation IGNITION". Past Operations. National Defence and the Canadian Forces. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  29. ↑ "Canadian Hornets to conduct NATO's Icelandic Air Policing Mission at Keflavik". Headquarters Allied Air Command Ramstein. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  30. ↑ Fiorenza, Nicholas. "Luftwaffe To Police Icelandic Airspace". Ares. Aviation Week. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  31. ↑ "NATO mission calls for USAF teamwork". 23 May 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  32. ↑ Horn, Lyndsey (23 May 2012). "Air Force, NATO fly to protect Iceland's air sovereignty". News. US Air Force. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  33. ↑ Horn, Lyndsey (23 May 2012). "EFS flies to protect Iceland's air sovereignty". News. U.S. Air Forces in Europe. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  34. ↑ "ICELAND Air Policing 2012". Archived from the original on October 9, 2012.
  35. ↑ "Operation Ignition 2013 to help protect Iceland's airspace". National Defence and the Canadian Forces. March 25, 2013. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
  36. ↑ Cenciotti, David (19 June 2013). "Italian Typhoons providing NATO air defense capability to Iceland". theaviationist.com. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  37. ↑ Cenciotti, David (11 June 2013). "Italy's Typhoon Jets Can Fly Over Iceland Now". Business Insider. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  38. ↑ Butler, Dana J. "USAF units combine to create 48th AEG in Iceland". RAF Mildenhall. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  39. ↑ "Norwegian jets take on NATO's peacetime preparedness mission over Iceland". News. NATO. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  40. ↑ "Luftforsvaret". Facebook. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  41. ↑ "US begins Icelandic Air Policing". af.mil. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  42. ↑ "Icelandic Air Policing rotation ends". af.mil. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  43. ↑ Lazarová, Daniela (10 October 2014). "Czech Air Force takes over surveillance of Icelandic airspace". Radio Prague. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  44. ↑ Kominek, Jiri (12 October 2014). "Czech Gripens take on Iceland air policing role". IHS Jane's 360. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  45. ↑ "US begins Icelandic Air Surveillance and Policing 2015". af.mil. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  46. ↑ "Letouny JAS-39 Gripen jsou z Islandu zpět v ČR". Czech Ministry of Defence. 28 August 2015. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  47. ↑ "Gripen fighters return from Iceland". Prague Post. 29 August 2015. Archived from the original on 31 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  48. 1 2 "Four F-16 Fighter Jets Coming". 28 August 2015.
  49. ↑ "Four F-16 Fighter Jets Coming". 28 August 2015. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
  50. ↑ "Total Force arrives to patrol Icelandic skies". U.S. Air Forces in Europe / Air Forces Africa. Retrieved 24 April 2016.[ permanent dead link ]
  51. ↑ Cenciotti, David (31 March 2016). "U.S. Air National Guard F-15s deploying to Iceland and the Netherlands "to deter further Russian aggression"". The Aviationist. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  52. ↑ "Norway starting a four week deployment". NATO HQ AIRCOM. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  53. ↑ "Czech Air Force returns to Iceland for third NATO mission". Allied Air Command. 26 September 2016. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  54. ↑ "Czech Gripen certified to scramble in Iceland". Allied Air Command. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  55. ↑ "Six Italian Typhoons Are Deploying to Keflavik to Support NATO's Iceland Air Policing Mission". The Aviationist. 15 March 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  56. ↑ Thatcher, Chris (16 June 2017). "Hornets return from Iceland air surveillance". Skies. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  57. ↑ "2017 TSP Iceland". DVIDS. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  58. ↑ "Louisiana, Florida ANG F-15Cs deploy to Iceland in support of NATO". Media release. US Air Forces in Europe and Air Forces Africa. 24 August 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  59. ↑ Hines, Jessica. "Louisiana, Florida ANG F-15Cs deploy to Iceland in support of NATO". DVIDS. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  60. ↑ "Denmark deploys four F-16 fighters to safeguard the airspace of Iceland". Media release. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. 9 February 2018. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  61. ↑ "Royal Danish Air Force safeguards Icelandic airspace". blogbeforeflight.net. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  62. ↑ "Iceland Air Policing" (PDF). flymag.dk. pp. 10–12. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  63. ↑ "F-16 Aircraft Database". f-16.net. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  64. ↑ "Reapers arrive in Iceland". lakenheath.af.mil. 31 July 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  65. ↑ "The Reapers return: NATO Icelandic Air Surveillance complete". lakenheath.af.mil. 31 August 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  66. ↑ Egnash, Martin (23 August 2018). "Fighter jet practice and shark for dinner: Air Force completes Iceland mission". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  67. ↑ "Air Defence: Air Policing Mission in Iceland Concluded". difesa.it. 5 October 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  68. ↑ "Russian Bombers Re-Enter NATO Airspace Near Iceland". icelandreview.com. 29 March 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  69. ↑ "Italian Eurofighter safeguards Icelandic airspace under NATO deployment for the fourth time". Aviation Report. 19 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  70. ↑ "Italian Eurofighters return from Iceland completing four-week NATO deployment". aviation-today.com. 14 April 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  71. ↑ "Italian Typhoons safeguard Icelandic airspace under NATO deployment". aviation-today.com. 19 March 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  72. ↑ "US, NATO allies team up for Icelandic Air Surveillance exercise". 16 August 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  73. ↑ "Five F-16 Fighter Jets Expected Today". icelandmonitor.mbl.is. 25 July 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  74. ↑ "Italy first Ally to deploy F-35 fighter aircraft to NATO mission in Iceland" . Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  75. ↑ Cenciotti, David (25 October 2019). "Italy's F-35s Have Completed The NATO's Icelandic Air Policing Mission". The Aviationist. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  76. ↑ Cenciotti, David. "First Among All The Partner Nations, Italy Deploys F-35s To Iceland For NATO Air Policing Mission". The Aviation st. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  77. ↑ "RAF Eurofighter Typhoons conclude Nato Air Policing mission in Iceland". Air Force Technology. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  78. ↑ "Iceland Thanks RAF for NATO Air Policing Mission". raf.mod.uk. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  79. ↑ "Royal Air Force Jets to Patrol Icelandic Skies for NATO". mod.uk. 13 November 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  80. ↑ "Iceland Thanks RAF for NATO Air Policing Mission". mod.uk. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  81. ↑ Cenciotti, David (21 February 2020). "Norwegian F-35s Have Deployed To Iceland for NATO Air Policing Mission". The Aviationist. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  82. ↑ "Norway Will Solve Missions on Iceland with the Brand New F-35 Fighter Aircraft". highnorthnews.com. 30 January 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  83. ↑ D'Urso, Stefano (9 June 2020). "Italy's F-35s are back in Iceland for another NATO air-policing mission". Business Insider. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  84. ↑ "Italian F-35 fighters arrive in Iceland for second NATO deployment". ac.nato.int. 9 June 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  85. ↑ "F-15s out of Lakenheath patrol the skies above Iceland". stripes.com. 13 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  86. ↑ "Norwegian Air Force F-35A Lightnings will deploy to Iceland for the second time". scramble.nl. 22 February 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  87. ↑ Einarsdóttir, Gréta Sigríður (19 February 2021). "Four Norwegian Airforce F-35 Fighter Aircraft Deployed To Iceland". Iceland Review. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  88. ↑ Everstine, Brian W. (8 July 2021). "Lakenheath F-15s Take Over Icelandic Air Policing Mission". Air Force Magazine. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  89. ↑ "Polish military contingent set to start air policing mission in Iceland". The First News. 18 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  90. ↑ "FORÇA AÉREA INICIA MISSÃO NATO DE POLICIAMENTO AÉREO NA ISLÂNDIA". emfa.pt. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  91. ↑ https://twitter.com/NATO_AIRCOM/status/1511293036575313922.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  92. ↑ Cenciotti, David (28 June 2022). "The Italian Air Force Has Deployed Its Two F-35Bs To Iceland For The First Time". The Aviationist. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  93. ↑ "Italian Air Force deploys F-35B jets to Iceland to boost Air Expeditionay capability". blogbeforeflight.net. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  94. ↑ "Italy Supports NATO Collective Efforts With F-35a Deployment To Iceland". ac.nato.int. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  95. ↑ "Italian Air Force F-35s Deploy To Iceland For Their Third NATO Icelandic Air Policing Mission". theaviationist.com. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  96. ↑ "ITALY'S F-35 DETACHMENT IN ICELAND, "500 HOURS PROTECTING AIRSPACE IN HIGH NORTH"". ac.nato.int. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  97. ↑ "Fifth Royal Danish Air Force deployment to Iceland: Ready to secure the High North". Allied Air Command. NATO. 17 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  98. ↑ "Danish F16s Deploy to Iceland". key.aero. 23 August 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  99. ↑ "Norway Ready For Third Deployment Of F-35 To Iceland". ac.nato.int. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  100. ↑ "Iceland Air Policing 2023". forsvaret.no. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  101. ↑ "F-35 fighter jets coming to Iceland for NATO Air Policing Mission". Iceland Monitor. 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  102. ↑ "Norwegian F-35s wrap up their NATO deployment to Iceland". dvidshub.net. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  103. ↑ "US fighter jets for Air Policing in Iceland" . Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  104. ↑ "F-16s Deploy from Germany to Iceland for Air Policing Mission". airandspaceforces.com. 24 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  105. ↑ "Norway Begins 2024 With F-35 Deployment to Iceland". ac.nato.int. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  106. ↑ "Iceland Air Policing 2024". defense-aerospace.com. 9 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  107. ↑ "Loftrýmisgæsla Atlantshafsbandalagsins hefst í vikunni" . Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  108. ↑ "U.S. Air Force F-15E Police NATO Skies In The High North". ac.nato.int. 13 June 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  109. ↑ "The Royal Air Force conducts air policing mission around Iceland". Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Government of Iceland. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  110. ↑ Fontaine, Andie Sophia (5 August 2024). "Small Squadron of Brits to Police Iceland's Airspace". Iceland Review. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  111. ↑ "RAF to police NATO's skies in Iceland following successful mission in Romania". raf.mod.uk. 9 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  112. ↑ "Lightning strikes in the land of fire and ice as F-35s complete Icelandic mission". royalnavy.mod.uk/news. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  113. ↑ "Typhoons in Iceland not forecast". Air Forces Monthly. No. 250. Avenel, New Jersey: Key Publishing. June 2009. p. 8. ISSN   0306-5634.
  114. ↑ Hoyle, Craig (25 November 2008). "UK cancels Typhoon's Icelandic air policing duty". flightglobal.com. Flight International. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2010.
  115. ↑ Glowacki, Bartosz; Sobczak, Grzegorz (8 June 2010). "Polish military continues expeditionary focus". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  116. ↑ "UK and Iceland sign agreement on defence and security cooperation". GOV.UK. Foreign & Commonwealth Office and The Rt Hon Jeremy Hunt MP. 26 March 2019. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.