Quercus ilex, the evergreen oak, holly oak or holm oak is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the Ilex section of the genus, with acorns that mature in a single summer.
Ilex opaca, the American holly, is a species of holly, native to the eastern and south-central United States, from coastal Massachusetts south to central Florida, and west to southeastern Missouri and eastern Texas.
Ilex vomitoria, commonly known as yaupon or yaupon holly, is a species of holly that is native to southeastern North America. The word yaupon was derived from the Catawban yą́pą, from yą- tree + pą leaf. Another common name, cassina, was borrowed from Timucua. The Latin name comes from an observation by early Europeans that the ingestion of the plant was followed by vomiting in certain ceremonies.
Ilex verticillata, the winterberry, is a species of holly native to eastern North America in the United States and southeast Canada, from Newfoundland west to Ontario and Minnesota, and south to Alabama.
Laurel forest, also called laurisilva or laurissilva, is a type of subtropical forest found in areas with high humidity and relatively stable, mild temperatures. The forest is characterized by broadleaf tree species with evergreen, glossy and elongated leaves, known as "laurophyll" or "lauroid". Plants from the laurel family (Lauraceae) may or may not be present, depending on the location.
Ilex aquifolium, the holly, common holly, English holly, European holly, or occasionally Christmas holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia. It is regarded as the type species of the genus Ilex, which by association is also called "holly". It is an evergreen tree or shrub found, for example, in shady areas of forests of oak and in beech hedges. In the British Isles it is one of very few native hardwood evergreen trees. It has a great capacity to adapt to different conditions and is a pioneer species that repopulates the margins of forests or clearcuts.
The black wood pigeon or Japanese wood pigeon is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in East Asia along shorelines of the Pacific's Korea Strait, Philippine Sea and East China Sea. It is believed to be the largest representative of the genus, Columba, and has a weight of around 550 grams (1.2 lb) and an overall length of 43 cm (17 in). Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. The species is in decline owing to habitat loss, habitat degradation, deforestation and hunting. This wood pigeon is endemic to the laurel forest habitat.
Ilex latifolia is a species of holly, native to southern Japan and eastern and southern China, growing in broadleaf forests at altitudes of 200–1,500 m.
Ilex, or holly, is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. Ilex has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. The type species is Ilex aquifolium, the common European holly used in Christmas decorations and cards.
Ilex mitis is a tall, dense, evergreen tree that is indigenous to Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. It makes an excellent fast-growing hedge for gardens - growing tall, straight and dense.
Ilex cornuta, commonly known as Chinese holly or horned holly, is a slow-growing, densely foliaged evergreen shrub in the Aquifoliaceae plant family. It is native to eastern China and Korea and attains a height of about 3 metres (9.8 ft). The leaves are usually 5-spined, between 3.5 cm and 10 cm long, oblong and entire. The fruits are red berries, which are larger than those of the European Holly.
Ilex umbellulata is an evergreen tree species related to holly, generally four to fifteen metres in height. It is found in Southeast Asia. This tree is most often found growing in forests.
Ilex perado, the Macaronesian holly, is a species of holly endemic to Macaronesia, distributed throughout the Azores, Madeira and Canary islands. It is an important component of the natural high-altitude Macaronesian rainforest, known as 'laurisilva', found mostly at 500 to 1,200 m altitude but it also appears in forest formations at lower elevation. Many of the subspecies have been classified as threatened, probably because of very small population sizes, and are protected by local, national and regional legislation.
Machilus thunbergii, the Japanese bay tree, red machilus, or tabunoki, is a widespread species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae. It is native to Vietnam, Taiwan, southeast and north-central China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan. A sturdy evergreen tree, usually 10–15 m (30–50 ft) tall, and reaching 20 m (70 ft), it is used for timber, and as a street tree. Its bark is the source of makko, a powder used to make a mosquito‑repelling incense. It prefers coastal areas, and can handle saline soil.
Ilex macropoda is a species of flowering plant in the holly family Aquifoliaceae, native to southern China, Korea, and Japan. A deciduous tree typically 13 m (43 ft) tall, it is found in mixed forests, forest edges, thickets, and roadsides, usually from 500 to 1,900 m above sea level. Local people make a tea by boiling its leaves.
Ilex micrococca, the thin-leaf holly, is a widespread species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae. It is native to Tibet, southern China, Hainan, Taiwan, northern Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Vietnam, and Japan. A deciduous tree reaching 20 m (66 ft), it is found in evergreen broadleaf mountain forests from 500 to 1,900 m in elevation.
Ilex hayatana is a species of flowering plant in the holly family Aquifoliaceae, native to Taiwan. There is some confusion about the identity of this species; for example Flora of China states that it is an evergreen tree with "pale gray‑black" bark reaching 12 m (39 ft) tall, found in forests at 200 to 300 m a.s.l., and also native to Japan, but the International Dendrology Society states that the original specimen, which is still alive, lives at 1,900 m (6,200 ft) and was described as either an 18 m (59 ft) tree or a 4 m (13 ft) shrub.
Ilex cinerea, the gray holly or Hong Kong holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to Hong Kong, Hebao Island, and Hainan in China, and to northern Vietnam. An evergreen shrub or small tree usually 3 to 6 m tall, it is found at higher elevations in mountain forests. It is used as a street tree in Hong Kong.
Ilex rubra is a species of flowering plant in the holly family Aquifoliaceae, native to northern and western Mexico. An evergreen tree 4 to 10 m tall, it is found above 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in coniferous forests. Hardy to USDA zone 7b and with large dark red fruit, it is rare in gardens but deserves to be more widely cultivated. It is used as a street tree in Guadalcázar, Mexico.
Ilex ficoidea, the fig-leaved holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to southern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. An evergreen shrub or tree usually 2 to 10 m tall, it is found in a wide variety of habitats at elevations from 100 to 1,500 m. It is used as a street tree in Hong Kong.
Mature flowers