| Ilex umbellulata | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A tree in Bangladesh | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Aquifoliales |
| Family: | Aquifoliaceae |
| Genus: | Ilex |
| Species: | I. umbellulata |
| Binomial name | |
| Ilex umbellulata | |
| Synonyms [2] [3] | |
| |
Ilex umbellulata is an evergreen tree species related to holly, generally four to fifteen metres in height. It is found in Southeast Asia. This tree is most often found growing in forests.
The species was first described from West Bengal, or possibly Myanmar, or possibly Assam, by Nathaniel Wallich in 1824, who named the species Ehretia umbellulata. [1] [4] Wallich classified the genus in the botanical family Boraginaceae at the time. [4] In 1901 the German Aquifoliaceae specialist Ludwig Eduard Theodor Lösener moved the species to the genus Ilex . [1] Wallich did not properly designate a holotype (or any types) for his taxon, therefore in 1985 a specimen (EICH4329) collected in 1822 (probably near the city of Sylhet, Bangladesh, although the label is ambiguous), was selected as the holotype from among the specimens in the East India Company Herbarium collection housed at Kew Botanical Gardens. The specimen is not completely ideal: it is mounted on the same sheet as the holotype of I. godajam. [5] There are also a number of isotypes with the same collection number housed at Kew. [2]
Ilex umbellulata is a spreading, evergreen tree or shrub, reaching up to fifteen, exceptionally eighteen, metres in height, [3] and with glabrous branchlets. The bark is grey-brown. The glabrous leaves have an ovate, elliptic or oblong shape, with 1-2 cm long petioles, an entire margin, and minute stipules. Flowers are small, pale white and fragrant. The plants flower and fruit in April to September in Bangladesh, [6] but flowers from May to September, fruiting July to November in Yunnan. [3]
The distribution includes the Andaman Islands, [2] Assam, [2] Bangladesh, [2] [3] [7] the eastern Himalayan region of India, [2] China [2] (restricted to Yunnan), [3] Myanmar, [2] [3] the Nicobar Islands, [2] Thailand, [2] [3] Laos, [2] and Vietnam. [2] [3]
The tree is only found in Kaptai National Park [7] and the forest of Khagrachari in Bangladesh. It is a very rare tree in Bangladesh. [6]
Ilex umbellulata occurs at altitudes of 500 to 1,700 metres in Yunnan. The species is most often found growing in a habitat of evergreen broadleaf forests or on sparsely-forested slopes in China. [3] It occurs in both primary and secondary woodland in Bangladesh. [6] The fruit is edible and most of the local fruit-eating bird species visit during the fruiting period. [7]
A herbarium is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study.
Clintonia is a genus of flowering plants in the lily family Liliaceae. Plants of the genus are distributed across the temperate regions of North America and eastern Asia, in the mesic understory of deciduous or coniferous forests. The genus, first described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1818, was named for DeWitt Clinton (1769–1828), a naturalist and politician from the U.S. state of New York. For this reason, plants of the genus are commonly known as Clinton's lily. The common name bluebead refer to the distinctive fruit of members of the genus. Since fruit color varies somewhat across species, the common name bead lily is used as well.
Nathaniel Wolff Wallich FRS FRSE was a surgeon and botanist of Danish origin who worked in India, initially in the Danish settlement near Calcutta and later for the Danish East India Company and the British East India Company. He was involved in the early development of the Calcutta Botanical Garden, describing many new plant species and developing a large herbarium collection which was distributed to collections in Europe. Several of the plants that he collected were named after him.
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Aglaia edulis is a tree species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It occurs in Tropical Asia from India to Yunnan and South-Central China. The wood and timber are used for various purposes.
Protea aristata is a compact shrub with beautiful flowers which is endemic to the southwestern part of the Cape Region of South Africa. P. aristata has become one of South Africa's most famous proteas in spite of its relatively late discovery, and re-discovery in 1953. The leaves are soft, dense and needle-like and the flower heads are a stunning crimson red, it may thus be a good potential ornamental plant for South African gardens. It is usually called the Ladismith sugarbush in South African English, although it has been called pine sugar bush in Australia. In the Afrikaans language it has the vernacular name of klein-den-suikerbos.
Protea effusa, sometimes known as the scarlet sugarbush, is a flowering plant which belongs to the genus Protea. The plant is endemic to the Western Cape province of South Africa. In the Afrikaans language the vernacular name blosrooisuikerbos has been recorded for this plant.
A small tree with tortuous twigs, Dillenia pentagyna is a member of the family Dilleniaceae, and is found from Sulawesi to South-Central China to India and Sri Lanka. Material from the tree has some minor uses.
Protea sulphurea, also known as the sulphur sugarbush, is a flowering plant of the genus Protea in the family Proteaceae, which is only known to grow in the wild in the Western Cape province of South Africa. A vernacular name for the plant in the Afrikaans language is heuningkoeksuikerbos.
Protea montana also known as the Swartberg sugarbush, is a flowering plant of the genus Protea within the family Proteaceae, which is endemic to the southwestern Cape Region of South Africa. In Afrikaans it is known as swartbergsuikerbos.
Protea burchellii, also known as Burchell's sugarbush, is a flowering shrub in the genus Protea, which is endemic to the southwestern Cape Region of South Africa.
Protea pityphylla, also known as Ceres sugarbush or mountain rose, is a flowering shrub of the genus Protea, in the family Proteaceae. The plant is endemic to the southwestern Cape Region of South Africa.
Protea convexa, also known as large-leaf sugarbush, is a rare flowering shrub in the genus Protea of the family Proteaceae, which is endemic to the southwestern Cape Region of South Africa.
Protea punctata, also known as the water sugarbush or water white sugarbush, is a shrub belonging to the genus Protea which is found growing in the wild in South Africa.
Protea decurrens, also known as linear-leaf sugarbush, is a shrub of the genus Protea, in the Proteaceae family, which is endemic to the southwestern Cape Region of South Africa. It is a small shrub with a thick underground rootstock, this structure throwing up numerous leafy branches, upon the base of which clusters of flower heads may appear close to the ground. It is pollinated by rodents and grows in low-altitude fynbos or renosterveld.
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