Infrapatellar bursitis

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Infrapatellar bursitis
Other namesVicar's knee, [1] clergyman's knee [2]
Prepatellar bursa.png
Cross section of the human knee
TypesSuperficial, deep [3]
Risk factors Kneeling, crawling [4]
Diagnostic method Based on symptom and physical examination [1]
Differential diagnosis Patellar tendonitis, prepatellar bursitis [5]
FrequencyRelatively rare [4]

Infrapatellar bursitis is inflammation of the superficial or deep infrapatellar bursa. [3] Symptoms may include knee pain, swelling, and redness just below the kneecap. [2] It may be complicated by patellar tendonitis. [1]

Risk factors include kneeling or crawling. [4] It may also be brought on by frequent bending of the knees while standing, squatting, running, or jumping. [1] [6] Diagnosis is generally based on symptom and physical examination. [1] When the deep bursa is involved, bending the knee generally increases the pain. [2] Other conditions that may appear similar include patellar tendonitis and prepatellar bursitis. [5]

Treatment is generally by rest, alternating between ice and heat, and NSAIDs. [1] Infrapatellar bursitis is relatively rare. [4] It has also been called vicar's knee and clergyman's knee. [1] [2]

Related Research Articles

Knee Region around the kneecap

In humans and other primates, the knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest joint in the human body. The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.

Bunion Deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the big toe

A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a deformity of the joint connecting the big toe to the foot. The big toe often bends towards the other toes and the joint becomes red and painful. The onset of bunions is typically gradual. Complications may include bursitis or arthritis.

Achilles tendon Tendon at the back of the lower leg

The Achilles tendon or heel cord, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a tendon at the back of the lower leg, and is the thickest in the human body. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. These muscles, acting via the tendon, cause plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint, and flexion at the knee.

Bursitis Human disease

Bursitis is the inflammation of one or more bursae of synovial fluid in the body. They are lined with a synovial membrane that secretes a lubricating synovial fluid. There are more than 150 bursae in the human body. The bursae rest at the points where internal functionaries, such as muscles and tendons, slide across bone. Healthy bursae create a smooth, almost frictionless functional gliding surface making normal movement painless. When bursitis occurs, however, movement relying on the inflamed bursa becomes difficult and painful. Moreover, movement of tendons and muscles over the inflamed bursa aggravates its inflammation, perpetuating the problem. Muscle can also be stiffened.

Bakers cyst

A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a type of fluid collection behind the knee. Often there are no symptoms. If symptoms do occur these may include swelling and pain behind the knee, or knee stiffness. If the cyst breaks open, pain may significantly increase with swelling of the calf. Rarely complications such as deep vein thrombosis, peripheral neuropathy, ischemia, or compartment syndrome may occur.

Osgood–Schlatter disease Inflammation of the patellar ligament

Osgood–Schlatter disease (OSD) is inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity (apophysitis). It is characterized by a painful bump just below the knee that is worse with activity and better with rest. Episodes of pain typically last a few weeks to months. One or both knees may be affected and flares may recur.

Chondromalacia patellae

Chondromalacia patellae is an inflammation of the underside of the patella and softening of the cartilage.

Patellar tendinitis Human disease

Patellar tendinitis, also known as jumper's knee, is an overuse injury of the tendon that straightens the knee. Symptoms include pain in the front of the knee. Typically the pain and tenderness is at the lower part of the kneecap, though the upper part may also be affected. Generally there is not pain when the person is at rest. Complications may include patellar tendon rupture.

Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome

Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) involves obstruction of the distal part of the small intestines by thickened intestinal content and occurs in about 20% of mainly adult individuals with cystic fibrosis. DIOS was previously known as meconium ileus equivalent, a name which highlights its similarity to the intestinal obstruction seen in newborn infants with cystic fibrosis. DIOS tends to occur in older individuals with pancreatic insufficiency. Individuals with DIOS may be predisposed to bowel obstruction, though it is a separate entity than true constipation.

Prepatellar bursitis Inflammation of the prepatellar bursa at the front of the knee

Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammation of the prepatellar bursa at the front of the knee. It is marked by swelling at the knee, which can be tender to the touch and which generally does not restrict the knee's range of motion. It can be extremely painful and disabling as long as the underlying condition persists.

Patellar tendon rupture

Patellar tendon rupture is a tear of the tendon that connects the knee cap (patella) to the tibia. Often there is sudden onset of pain and walking is difficult. In a complete rupture the ability to extend that knee is decreased. A pop may be felt when it occurs.

Olecranon bursitis

Olecranon bursitis is a condition characterized by swelling, redness, and pain at the tip of the elbow. If the underlying cause is due to an infection, fever may be present. The condition is relatively common and is one of the most frequent types of bursitis.

Subacromial bursitis

Subacromial bursitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the bursa that separates the superior surface of the supraspinatus tendon from the overlying coraco-acromial ligament, acromion, and coracoid and from the deep surface of the deltoid muscle. The subacromial bursa helps the motion of the supraspinatus tendon of the rotator cuff in activities such as overhead work.

Knee bursae

The knee bursae are the fluid-filled sacs and synovial pockets that surround and sometimes communicate with the knee joint cavity. The bursae are thin-walled, and filled with synovial fluid. They represent the weak point of the joint, but also provide enlargements to the joint space. They can be grouped into either communicating and non-communicating bursae or, after their location – frontal, lateral, or medial.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is knee pain as a result of problems between the kneecap and the femur. The pain is generally in the front of the knee and comes on gradually. Pain may worsen with sitting, excessive use, or climbing and descending stairs.

Prepatellar bursa

The prepatellar bursa is a frontal bursa of the knee joint. It is a superficial bursa with a thin synovial lining located between the skin and the patella.

Patellar dislocation

A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position. Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen. The patella is also often felt and seen out of place. Complications may include a patella fracture or arthritis.

Pes anserine bursitis

Pes anserine bursitis is an inflammatory condition of the medial (inner) knee at the anserine bursa, a sub muscular bursa, just below the pes anserinus.

Knee pain

Knee pain is pain in or around the knee.

Achilles bursitis is bursitis of bursa situated above the insertion of tendon to calcaneus. It results from overuse and wearing of tight shoes.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Silver, Julie K.; Rizzo, Thomas D. (2008). Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain, and Rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 355. ISBN   9781416040071.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kinirons, Mark; Ellis, Harold (2011). French's Index of Differential Diagnosis, 1 An A-Z. CRC Press. p. 377. ISBN   9781444128703.
  3. 1 2 Adams, James G. (2012). Emergency Medicine E-Book: Clinical Essentials (Expert Consult - Online and Print). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 760. ISBN   9781455733941.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Khodaee, M (15 February 2017). "Common Superficial Bursitis". American Family Physician. 95 (4): 224–231. PMID   28290630.
  5. 1 2 Talley, Nicholas J.; O’Connor, Simon (2013). Clinical Examination: A Systematic Guide to Physical Diagnosis. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 320. ISBN   9780729581479.
  6. Waldman, Steven D. (2009). Pain Review: (Expert Consult: Online and Print). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 320. ISBN   9781437711264.