Iris subdichotoma

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Iris subdichotoma
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Lophiris
Species:
I. subdichotoma
Binomial name
Iris subdichotoma
Synonyms [1]

Iris subdichotoma f. alba.G.Shen & Y.T.Zhao

Iris subdichotoma is a plant species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the section Lophiris (crested irises). It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Tibet and China, with pale blue, blue-purple, purple, violet or white flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Contents

Description

It has short rhizome with a few branches. [2] [3] Below is thick roots. [4] On top of the rhizomes are the brown, fibrous remains of last seasons leaves, surrounding the new leaves. [2] [3] [4]

It has grey-green, sword-shaped and slightly curved leaves. [2] [3] [4] They grow up to 22–40 cm (9–16 in) long and 1–2 cm wide. [2] [3] [4] They do not have any mid-veins. [2] [3] [4] The leaves are generally short than the flower stems. [5]

It has flowering stems that can grow up to 25–40 cm (10–16 in) long. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] The stems have between two and five branches. [2] [3] [4]

The plant is very similar in form to Iris dichotoma but only smaller. [5]

The stems have 3–5 green, spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which have membranous margins. [2] [3] [4] They are 2.5–3.5 cm (1–1 in) long and 7–8 mm wide. [2] [3] [4] The bracts are similar in size to Iris dichotoma. [5]

The stems (and branches) hold between two and four flowers, between June and August. [2] [3] [4] But normally in June. [2] [3]

Leading from the spathes are stiff, pedicels (or peduncles), that are between 3 and 4 cm (1 and 2 in) long. [2] [3] [4]

The flowers are 4.5–5 cm (2–2 in) in diameter, [2] [3] [4] and come in shades of pale blue, [4] blue-purple, [2] [3] purple, [5] [6] or violet. [4] [5] [6] Later, a white flowering form was found and then was published and named as Iris subdichotoma f. alba Y. G. Shen, in 'Acta Bot. Yunnan' Vol.26 Issue5 page492 in 2004). [4] Although this is now classified as a synonym of Iris subdichotoma. [1]

It has three pairs of petals, three large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and three inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'. [7] The falls are oblanceolate, and 4 cm long and 7 cm (3 in) long. [2] [3] [4] The falls have a central yellow crest. [6] The standards are narrow and oblanceolate, and 3 cm long and 4 mm wide. [2] [3] [4]

It has a 2 cm long perianth tube, 2.2 cm long stamens, 1.5 long and 0.5 cm wide, fusiform (spindle-shaped) ovary and 3 cm long style branches. [2] [3] [4] The styles branches have narrowly triangular lobes. [2] [3] [4] It also has filaments that are longer than the anthers. [2] [3]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a cylindric seed capsule, [4] between July and September, that is 5–6 cm (2–2 in) long and 1 cm wide. [2] [3] [4] It has six longitudinal ribs. [2] [3] [4] The capsule when ripe, splits a third of the way down, releasing the seeds. [2] [3] [4] [5] The seeds are 7.5–8.5 mm wide, maroon-brown and have a small wings. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Genetics

In 2006, 13 species of Iris, including Iris subdichotoma, Iris delavayi and Iris cuniculiformis were studied for a cytological analysis of the chromosome counts. [8]

In 2007, the chromosomes of Iris dichotoma, Iris domestica (Belamcanda chinensis) and Iris subdichotoma were also studied. [9]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [7] Iris subdichotoma has a count of 2n=42. [8]

Taxonomy

It has the common name of 'Zhongdian iris'. [3] [10] [11] [12] Note; 'Zhongdian' is an older name for Shangri-La City. It is written as 中甸鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as zhong dian yuan wei in Pidgin Chinese. [4] [11]

The Latin specific epithet subdichotoma refers to Iris dichotoma (Also known as the Vesper Iris). 'Dichotoma' means forked in pairs or having 2 branches. [13] It is very similar in form to Iris dichotoma but smaller. [5]

It was first published and described by Yu Tang Zhao in 'Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica' (Acta Phytotax. Sin. published in Beijing) Vol.18 Issue 1 on page 57 in 1980. [2] [11] [14]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003 and then updated on 29 September 2008. [11] Iris subdichotoma is an accepted name by the RHS. [15]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate regions of Asia. [11]

Range

It has been found in Chinese province of Yunnan, [6] [2] [12] [16] in China. [11] [14]

It has been found on Haba Snow Mountain, [5] and beside the Yangtze River. [2]

Habitat

It grows in grasslands, on open hillsides or on banks or slopes beside rivers. [2] [3] [4]

It grows at altitudes of between 1,800 and 2,700 m (5,900 and 8,900 ft) above sea level. [3] [4] [12]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris confusa</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris confusa, also known as the bamboo iris, is a species of iris. It is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the section Lophiris. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, native to Western China. It has flowers which range from white to a soft lavender or pale blue in colour, with orange-yellow crests and purple dots. The plant's broad, shiny leaves are attached to bamboo-like stems. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris japonica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris japonica, commonly known as fringed iris, shaga and butterfly flower, is a native of China and Japan. It is a species in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and within the Lophiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with pale blue, lavender or white flowers with an orange or yellow crest. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris delavayi</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris delavayi is a species of flowering plant in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Sibiricae of the family Iridaceae. This rhizomatous herbaceous perennial comes from various provinces in China. It has grey-green leaves, long hollow stem, and 2 flowers in various blue shades. From dark violet, dark purple, purple-blue, dark blue to light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris bulleyana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris bulleyana is a species in the genus Iris, also the subgenus Limniris and in the series Sibiricae. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from South west China, including Myanmar and Tibet. It has long thin green leaves,

Iris forrestii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris, also the subgenus Limniris and in the series Sibiricae. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China and Burma. It has linear grassy-like leaves, long thin stem and fragrant yellow or lemon-yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris formosana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris formosana is a species of plant in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and the section Lophiris. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Taiwan, it has large white or lilac flowers. It is commonly known as the 'Taiwan iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris proantha is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Chinenses of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial.

Iris anguifuga is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has narrow green leaves, long stem and violet or blue flowers.

Iris qinghainica is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has grey green leaves, a very short stem and 1–2 blue or violet flowers.

Iris farreri is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has grey-green leaves, long stem and 1 or 2 violet, lilac or light blue flowers. It has undergone several changes of name and series, before being left as Iris farreri.

Iris latistyla is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the section 'Lophiris section, although it was thought to be listed within Iris subg. Nepalensis in some sources. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Tibet and China, with violet or blue-purple flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris wattii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris wattii is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and the section Lophiris. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant. It is native to China, Burma and India, it has lavender or light blue flowers. It is also known as 'Bamboo Iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris mandshurica is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, it is found in Russia, China, and Korea. It has green sword-like leaves, smooth green stem and yellow flowers, with yellow-purple veining and a yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris cuniculiformis is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China, it has long and thin green leaves, and 1 lilac large flowers, that have yellow or grey beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris dolichosiphon is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China and Bhutan. It has long, thin dark green leaves, very short stem, and dark blue, purple, or violet flowers. That are mottled with white. It has thick white/orange beards. It has one subspecies, Iris dolichosiphon subsp. orientalis, from China, India and Burma. It has similar flowers. They are cultivated as ornamental plants in temperate regions

Iris goniocarpa is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China, India, Burma and Bhutan. It has yellow green to dark green, long leaves, slender stem and, one flower between blue, lavender-blue, lilac, blue-violet or blue-purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris narcissiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China. It has pale green, thin, sword-shaped leaves, medium-long slender stem and 1 yellow flower. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris psammocola is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China. It has grass-like leaves, short stems, yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris tigridia</i> Species of plant of the genus Iris

Iris tigridia is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and China. It has dark green or greyish green, grass-like leaves, a short slender stem and a single flowers that are either violet, dark blue, blue-purple, dark purple, mauve, lilac, lavender, or light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris dichotoma</i> Species of plant

Iris dichotoma is a species in the genus Iris and is also in the subgenus of Iris. It was once formerly known as Pardanthopsis dichotoma as it was placed in a genus of its own before DNA testing resulted in it returning to the genus Iris. It is native to the forests and grasslands of Siberia, China, Mongolia and Korea. It has long greyish green leaves, long branched stems carrying many flowers in summer or late summer. In shades of violet, mauve to purple, lavender, pale blue, white or pink. They appear in the late afternoon at the time of Vespers.

References

  1. 1 2 "Iris subdichotoma Y.T.Zhao is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 "Iris subdichotoma". flph.org (Flora of Pan Himalayas). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 "Zhongdian Iris". tl.swewe.net. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 "FOC Vol. 24 Page 307". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Franco, Alain (29 November 2013). "(SPEC) Iris subdichotoma Zhao". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  7. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN   978-0881927306. OL   8176432M.
  8. 1 2 Shen, Yun-Guang; Wang, Zhong-Lang; Guan, Kai-Yun (2007). "Karyotypes of thirteen species of Iris L. from China". Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica. 45 (5): 601–618. doi:10.1360/aps06064. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  9. ↑ Wang, Hong; Shen, Xiao-hui; Guo, Ying (March 2007). "Karyotype Analysis and Taxonomic Status of Iris dichotoma". Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Agricultural Science). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  10. ↑ "Zhongdian iris". scires.datatang.com. Retrieved 19 March 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Iris subdichotoma". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 "Zhongdian Iris". zhiwutong.com. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  13. ↑ Smith, A.W.; Stearn, William T. (1972). A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names (Revised ed.). Cassell and Company (published 1963). p. 117. ISBN   0304937215.
  14. 1 2 "Iridaceae Iris subdichotoma Y.T.Zhao". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  15. ↑ "Search the RHS Horticultural Database". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  16. ↑ "2nd Yunnan joint research report". bgtym.org. Retrieved 19 March 2015.

Sources

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