Italian general election, 1874

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Italian general election, 1874

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←  1870 8–15 November 1874 1876  →
All 508 seats to the Italian Chamber of Deputies

 Majority partyMinority party
  Marco Minghetti.jpg Agostino Depretis.jpg
Leader Marco Minghetti Agostino Depretis
Party Historical Right Historical Left
Leader's seat Legnago Stradella
Seats won276232
Seat changeIncrease2.svg43Increase2.svg37
Popular vote156,784150,119
Percentage53.6%46.4%
Prime Minister before election

Marco Minghetti
Historical Right

Elected Prime Minister

Marco Minghetti
Historical Right

The 1874 Italian general election was held in Italy on 8 November, with a second round of voting on 15 November. [1] They were a snap election, called by Prime Minister Marco Minghetti to strengthen his majority.

Italy republic in Southern Europe

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe. Located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous EU member state and the most populous country in Southern Europe.

A snap election is an election called earlier than expected.

Marco Minghetti Italian politician

Marco Minghetti was an Italian economist and statesman.

Contents

Only 571,939 men of a total population of around 28 million were entitled to vote. [2] Right-wing candidates emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament with around 48% of the seats in Parliament. [3] They were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending. [4]

Rentier capitalism

Rentier capitalism is a Marxist term currently used to describe the belief in economic practices of monopolization of access to any kind of property, and gaining significant amounts of profit without contribution to society. The origins of the term are unclear; it is often said to be used in Marxism, yet the very combination of words rentier and capitalism was never used by Karl Marx himself.

Electoral campaign

Prime Minister Marco Minghetti and his influent Minister of the Treasury Quintino Sella were involved into an ambitious program of budget which needed a strong majority, for which they tried to oblige the Independents to choose their side, beginning to build a two-party system as in the United Kingdom. [5] However, in the Italian non-partisan political system, hugely affected by localism and corruption, their bet was equivalent to an all-in that afterwards they lost. [6]

Prime Minister of Italy head of government of the Italian Republic

The President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic, commonly referred to in Italy as Presidente del Consiglio, or informally as Premier and known in English as the Prime Minister of Italy, is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of Prime Minister is established by Articles 92 through to 96 of the Constitution of Italy. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of the Republic after each general election and must have the confidence of the Italian Parliament to stay in office.

Quintino Sella Italian statesman and financier

Quintino Sella was an Italian politician, economist and mountaineer.

Budget balance sheet or statement of estimated receipts and expenditures

A budget is a financial plan for a defined period, often one year. It may also include planned sales volumes and revenues, resource quantities, costs and expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows. Companies, governments, families and other organizations use it to express strategic plans of activities or events in measurable terms.

The election did not give to Minghetti the advantage he was hoping, especially for the high support to the opposition in Southern Italy. [7] His government survived, but the bipolarisation of the Parliament he had imposed, strengthened the Historical Left so that it could take the leadership of the country. Two years later, MPs from Tuscany became dissatisfied with the government after it refused to intervene in the financial problems of Florence. The government was defeated on a vote on nationalising railways on 18 March 1876 and was forced to resign. [8] As a result, Agostino Depretis, leader of the left-wing bloc, became Prime Minister, with 414 of the 508 MPs supporting the government. [8] Early elections were held in November.

Southern Italy Economic macroregion of Italy

Southern Italy or Mezzogiorno is a macroregion of Italy traditionally encompassing the territories of the former Kingdom of the two Sicilies, with the frequent addition of the island of Sardinia and, historically, some parts of Lazio as well.

Italian Parliament legislature of Italy

The Italian Parliament is the national parliament of the Italian Republic. The Parliament is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1848–1861) and the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946). It is a bicameral legislature with 945 elected members and a small number of unelected members (parlamentari). It is composed of the Chamber of Deputies, with 630 members (deputati) elected on a national basis, and the Senate of the Republic, with 315 members (senatori) elected on a regional basis, plus a small number of senators for life, either appointed or ex officio. The two houses are independent from one another and never meet jointly except under circumstances specified by the Constitution.

The Left group, later called Historical Left by historians to distinguish it from the left-wing groups of the 20th century, was a liberal and reformist parliamentary group in Italy during the second half of the 19th century. The members of the Left were also known as Democrats or Ministerials. Differently by his Right counterpart, the Left was the result of coalition who represented Northern and Southern middle class, urban bourgeoisie, small businessmen, journalists and academics. It also supported a right to vote and the public school for all children. Moreover, the party was against the high taxation's policies promoted by the Right. Since the 1890s, the Left showed conservative tendencies, breaking strikes and protests and promoting a colonialist policy in Africa.

Parties and leaders

PartyIdeologyLeader
Historical Right Conservatism, Monarchism Marco Minghetti
Historical Left Liberalism, Centrism Agostino Depretis

Results

← Summary of November 1874 Chamber of Deputies election results →
Italian Parliament 1874.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/−
Historical Right 156,784 [lower-alpha 1] 53.6276+43
Historical Left 150,119 [lower-alpha 1] 46.4232+37
Invalid/blank votes11,614–––
Total318,517100508±0
Registered voters/turnout571,93955.7––
Source: Nohlen & Stöver
  1. 1 2 Estimate
Popular vote
Historical Right
 
53.6%
Historical Left
 
46.4%

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References

  1. ↑ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1047 ISBN   978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. ↑ Nohlen & Stöver, p1049
  3. ↑ Nohlen & Stöver, p1082
  4. ↑ Nohlen & Stöver, p1028
  5. ↑ La Stampa, Thursday, 5 November 1874
  6. ↑ La Stampa, Sunday, 8 November 1874
  7. ↑ La Stampa, Monday, 16 November 1974
  8. 1 2 Nohlen & Stöver, p1029
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