Italian referendums, 2011

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2011 Italian referendums 2011 Italian referendums.jpg
2011 Italian referendums

A nationwide popular referendum was held in Italy on 12 June and 13 June 2011, on four questions concerning the repeal of recent laws regarding the privatisation of water services (two questions), a return to the nuclear energy which had been phased out after the 1987 referendum, and criminal procedure, specifically a provision exempting the Prime Minister and the Ministers from appearing in court. The first aim of those campaigning for a yes vote was to ensure that the quorum (50% + 1) of the electorate was reached. [1]

Popular referendum referendum to repeal a new or existing law

A popular referendum is a type of a referendum that provides a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote (plebiscite) on an existing statute, constitutional amendment, charter amendment or ordinance, or, in its minimal form, to simply oblige the executive or legislative bodies to consider the subject by submitting it to the order of the day. It is a form of direct democracy.

Italy republic in Southern Europe

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe. Located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous EU member state and the most populous country in Southern Europe.

Water privatization is short for private sector participation in the provision of water services and sanitation. Private sector participation in water supply and sanitation is controversial. Proponents of private sector participation argue that it has led to improvements in the efficiency and service quality of utilities. It is argued that it has increased investment and has contributed to expanded access. They cite Manila, Guayaquil in Ecuador, Bucharest, several cities in Colombia and Morocco, as well as Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal as success stories. Critics however, contend that private sector participation led to tariff increases and has turned a public good into a private good. Many believe that the privatization of water is incompatible with ensuring the international human right to water. Aborted privatizations in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and Dar es-Salaam, Tanzania, as well as privately managed water systems in Jakarta and Berlin are highlighted as failures. Water privatization in Buenos Aires, Argentina and in England is cited by both supporters and opponents, each emphasizing different aspects of these cases.

Contents

The Italians with the right to vote numbered 47,118,352 (22,604,349 men and 24,514,003 women), in addition to 3,300,496 Italians resident abroad. In order for the quorum to be reached, at least 25.209.425 votes for each question had to be cast. [2]

Turnout, while below general election records, was higher than it had been for any referendum since 1995; on 12 June 2011, turnout had reached 11.64% at midday, [3] and 30.32% at 19.00, indicating that the necessary quorum would likely be reached. [4] When polls closed on 13 June 2011, turnout was 56.9%, with clear majorities of 94.6% to 96.1% in favour on all questions [5] (meaning that about 53,8% to 54,7% of electorate approved them). Due to Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's implicit invitation to boycott the vote (in the hope that the required quorum would not be met), the results don't accurately represent popular opinion. [6] [ dubious – discuss ]

Prime Minister of Italy head of government of the Italian Republic

The President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic, commonly referred to in Italy as Presidente del Consiglio, or informally as Premier and known in English as the Prime Minister of Italy, is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of Prime Minister is established by Articles 92 through to 96 of the Constitution of Italy. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of the Republic after each general election and must have the confidence of the Italian Parliament to stay in office.

Silvio Berlusconi Italian politician

Silvio Berlusconi is an Italian media tycoon and politician who has served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments.

Position of main political parties

Parties with parliamentary representation

Party 1st Question 2nd Question 3rd Question 4th Question Source
Alliance for Italy No No Yes Yes [7]
Future and Freedom ND ND ND ND [8] [9]
Italy of Values Yes Yes Yes Yes [10]
Lega Nord ND ND ND ND
Movement for Autonomies Yes Yes Yes Yes [11]
Democratic Party Yes Yes Yes Yes [12]
The People of Freedom ND ND ND ND [13]
Italian Radicals ND ND Yes Yes [14]
South Tyrolean People's Party Yes Yes Yes Yes [15]
Union of the Centre No No ND Yes [16]

ND = no direction.

The high offices of the Republic

The President of the Republic Giorgio Napolitano declared he would take part to the referendums, without revealing his intentions regarding the votes. [17]

Giorgio Napolitano 11th President of Italy

Giorgio Napolitano, is an Italian politician who served as the 11th President of the Republic from 2006 to 2015, and the only Italian President to be reelected to the Presidency. Due to his monarchical style and his dominant position in Italian politics, critics often refer to him as Re Giorgio. He is the longest serving President in the history of the modern Italian Republic, which has been in existence since 1946.

The President of the Senate of the Republic Renato Schifani underlined the importance of the vote as a form of democratic participation and said he would vote. [18]

Renato Schifani Italian politician

Renato Maria Giuseppe Schifani is an Italian politician. A prominent member of the now-defunct centre-right People of Freedom, he joined the New Centre-Right party in 2013, but he left it in 2016 for Forza Italia, the People of Freedom's successor. From 29 April 2008 to 15 March 2013 he was President of the Italian Senate. Schifani was born in Palermo.

The President of the Chamber of Deputies Gianfranco Fini declared he would vote. [19]

Gianfranco Fini Italian politician

Gianfranco Fini is an Italian politician, former President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, former leader of the conservative National Alliance, the post-fascist Italian Social Movement and the center-right Future and Freedom party. He was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in Silvio Berlusconi’s government from 2001 to 2006.

The President of the Council of ministers Silvio Berlusconi declared he wouldn't vote. [20] His statement "the Constitution gives the right to citizens to say yes or no to the referendum, but also to say "I do not mind this question, I do not vote." was considered an implicit invitation for his electorate to abstain, so that the referendums would fail quorum. [6]

Privatization of water services

ChoiceVotes%
Yes check.svgFor25,935,37295.35
X mark.svg Against1,265,4954.65
Invalid/blank votes437,078–
Total27,637,945100
Registered voters/turnout50,594,86854.81
Source: Italian Ministry of the Interior
Popular vote
Yes check.svgY For
 
95.4%
X mark.svgN Against
 
4.6%

Profit on water services

ChoiceVotes%
Yes check.svgFor26,130,63795.80
X mark.svg Against1,146,6394.20
Invalid/blank votes365,181–
Total27,642,457100
Registered voters/turnout50,594,86854.82
Source: Italian Ministry of the Interior
Popular vote
Yes check.svgY For
 
95.8%
X mark.svgN Against
 
4.2%

Nuclear power

ChoiceVotes%
Yes check.svgFor25,643,65294.05
X mark.svg Against1,622,0905.95
Invalid/blank votes359,180–
Total27,624,922100
Registered voters/turnout50,594,86854.79
Source: Italian Ministry of the Interior
Popular vote
Yes check.svgY For
 
94.1%
X mark.svgN Against
 
5.9%
ChoiceVotes%
Yes check.svgFor25,736,27394.62
X mark.svg Against1,462,888 5.38
Invalid/blank votes422,785–
Total27,622,369100
Registered voters/turnout50,594,86854.78
Source: Italian Ministry of the Interior
Popular vote
Yes check.svgY For
 
94.6%
X mark.svgN Against
 
5.4%

Results by Region

Region Voting % Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4
Valle d'Aosta 60.85% Yes 96.6%
No 3.4%		 Yes 97.0%
No 3.0%		 Yes 95.2%
No 4.8%		 Yes 95.8%
No 4.2%
Piedmont 59.00% Yes 94.7%
No 5.3%		 Yes 95.2%
No 4.8%		 Yes 93.1%
No 6.9%		 Yes 94.3%
No 5.7%
Liguria 59.45% Yes 95.7%
No 4.3%		 Yes 96.2%
No 3.8%		 Yes 94.0%
No 6.0%		 Yes 95.0%
No 5.0%
Lombardy 54.40% Yes 93.4%
No 6.6%		 Yes 94.1%
No 5.9%		 Yes 91.6%
No 8.4%		 Yes 93.2%
No 6.8%
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 64.60% Yes 96.8%
No 3.2%		 Yes 97.1%
No 2.9%		 Yes 96.1%
No 3.9%		 Yes 96.3%
No 3.7%
Veneto 58.90% Yes 94.7%
No 5.3%		 Yes 95.3%
No 4.7%		 Yes 93.5%
No 6.5%		 Yes 93.7%
No 6.3%
Friuli-Venezia Giulia 58.20% Yes 95.0%
No 5.0%		 Yes 95.6%
No 4.4%		 Yes 93.4%
No 6.6%		 Yes 93.9%
No 6.1%
Emilia-Romagna 64.15% Yes 95.0%
No 5.0%		 Yes 95.4%
No 4.6%		 Yes 94.3%
No 5.7%		 Yes 95.0%
No 5.0%
Tuscany 63.60% Yes 95.7%
No 4.3%		Yes 96.0%
No 4.0%		 Yes 95.1%
No 4.9%		 Yes 95.5%
No 4.5%
Marche 61.60% Yes 95.9%
No 4.1%		Yes 96.3%
No 3.7%		 Yes 95.2%
No 4.8%		 Yes 95.3%
No 4.7%
Umbria 59.20% Yes 95.5%
No 4.5%		Yes 96.1%
No 3.9%		 Yes 94.7%
No 5.3%		 Yes 95.1%
No 4.9%
Lazio 58.90% Yes 96.3%
No 3.7%		Yes 96.9%
No 3.1%		 Yes 95.1%
No 4.9%		 Yes 95.5%
No 4.5%
Abruzzo 57.50% Yes 96.4%
No 3.5%		Yes 97.0%
No 3.0%		 Yes 95.7%
No 4.3%		 Yes 95.6%
No 4.4%
Molise 58.70% Yes 97.4%
No 2.6%		Yes 97.8%
No 2.2%		 Yes 96.8%
No 3.2%		 Yes 96.5%
No 3.5%
Campania 52.30% Yes 97.8%
No 2.2%		Yes 98.1%
No 1.9%		 Yes 96.7%
No 3.3%		 Yes 96.8%
No 3.2%
Basilicata 54.35% Yes 97.3%
No 2.7%		Yes 97.7%
No 2.3%		 Yes 96.8%
No 3.2%		 Yes 96.7%
No 3.3%
Apulia 52.50% Yes 97.3%
No 2.7%		Yes 97.6%
No 2.4%		 Yes 96.7%
No 3.3%		 Yes 96.4%
No 3.6%
Calabria 50.35% Yes 98.0%
No 2.0%		Yes 98.3%
No 1.7%		 Yes 97.3%
No 2.7%		 Yes 96.9%
No 3.1%
Sicily 52.70% Yes 97.6%
No 2.4%		Yes 97.9%
No 2.1%		 Yes 96.5%
No 3.5%		 Yes 96.2%
No 3.8%
Sardinia 58.60% Yes 98.2%
No 1.8%		Yes 98.5%
No 1.5%		 Yes 98.4%
No 1.6%		 Yes 96.5%
No 3.5%

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References

  1. ↑ Donovan, Jeffrey; Totaro, Lorenzo (1 June 2011). "Italy elections: Berlusconi losing grasp on power". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  2. ↑ "Referendum - Ministero dell'Interno". referendum.interno.it. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  3. ↑ "la notizia � stata spostata o eliminatadal Database". salernonotizie.it. Archived from the original on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  4. ↑ L'affluenza alle 19
  5. ↑ "Referendum popolare 12-13 giugno 2011 - la Repubblica.it".
  6. 1 2 Di Caro Paola (12 May 2000). "Referendum, Berlusconi per l'astensione" (in Italian). il Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
  7. ↑ "Rutelli: Bene Cassazione, ora vittoria sì su nucleare". Alleanza per l'Italia. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  8. ↑ "Fini: ai Referendum andrò a votare, spero anche gli Italiani". Futuro e Libertà. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  9. ↑ "Referendum, Fini: importante andare a votare. Ma Fli si spacca". Il Messaggero. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  10. ↑ "Referendum: 'Non c'è più tempo. Ora, è ora!'". Italia dei Valori. Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  11. ↑ "Lombardo: no a nucleare e legittimo impedimento, sì all'acqua pubblica". Movimento per le Autonomie. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  12. ↑ "Cartolina referendum". Partito Democratico. Archived from the original on 31 May 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  13. ↑ "Nucleare: Pdl,liberta' voto su referendum". Il Secolo XIX . Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  14. ↑ "Difendi i referendum del 12 e 13 giugno con una donazione". Radicali Italiani. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  15. ↑ "Abstimmungs- empfehlung der Südtiroler Volkspartei zu den Volksabstimmungen vom 12. und 13. Juni". Südtiroler Volkspartei. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  16. ↑ "Referendum: Cesa, bisogna andare a votare". Unione di Centro. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  17. ↑ "Napolitano: "Sono un elettore che fa sempre il suo dovere"" (in Italian). rainews24.rai.it. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  18. ↑ "Referendum: Schifani andrà alle urne, voterà a Palermo" (in Italian). La Provincia di Como. 10 June 2011. Archived from the original on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  19. ↑ "Granata: "Fini invita a partecipazione attiva"" (in Italian). repubblica.it. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  20. ↑ "Berlusconi annuncia: "Non andrò a votare al referendum"" (in Italian). ilsole24ore.com. Retrieved 10 October 2011.

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