Jakarta Cathedral Gereja Katedral Jakarta Kathedraal van Jakarta | |
---|---|
The Church of Our Lady of the Assumption Gereja Santa Maria Diangkat ke Surga De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming | |
| |
6°10′09″S106°49′59″E / 6.169257°S 106.833069°E | |
Location | Sawah Besar Subdistrict, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia |
Denomination | Catholic |
Religious institute | Jesuit |
Website | http://www.katedraljakarta.or.id/ |
History | |
Status | Cathedral |
Consecrated | 21 April 1901 |
Architecture | |
Architect(s) | Antonius Dijkmans, SJ |
Style | Gothic Revival |
Groundbreaking | 1891 |
Completed | 1901 |
Construction cost | 628,000 Dutch Guldens (in 1891) |
Specifications | |
Length | 60 metres (200 ft) |
Width | 10 metres (33 ft) |
Height | 60 metres (200 ft) |
Number of spires | 3 |
Spire height | 60 metres (200 ft) |
Materials | bricks covered with plaster, teak roof construction, and iron construction spires. |
Administration | |
Archdiocese | Archdiocese of Jakarta |
Deanery | Central Jakarta |
Jakarta Cathedral (Indonesian : Gereja Katedral Jakarta, Dutch : Kathedraal van Jakarta) is a Catholic cathedral in Jakarta, Indonesia, which is also the seat of the Archbishop of Jakarta, currently Archbishop Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo. [1] Its official name is Gereja Santa Maria Diangkat ke Surga, derived from the original name in Dutch, De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming (English: The Church of Our Lady of the Assumption). This current cathedral was consecrated in 1901 and built in the neo-Gothic style, a common architectural style to build churches at that time. The Jakarta Cathedral is located in Central Jakarta near Merdeka Square and Merdeka Palace, right in-front of the cathedral stands the Istiqlal Mosque.
After the arrival of Dutch East India Company in 1619, the Catholic Church was banned in the Dutch East Indies and was limited to Flores and Timor. The Netherlands was known to support Protestantism and tried to limit the influence and authority of the Holy See. During the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, the Netherlands, including the Dutch East Indies and its other colonies, fell under the control of Revolutionary France and later the French Empire. In 1806, Napoleon installed his Catholic younger brother Louis Napoleon (Dutch: Lodewijk) as the King of Holland. Since then, the Catholic Church has been free to operate in the Dutch East Indies. [2]
The commissary general of Batavia, Du Bus de Gisignies (1825–1830), was credited with providing land to build the first Catholic church in Batavia. The former residence of General de Kock in the Weltevredeen area was renovated to be a church. Monseigneur Prinsen blessed and inaugurated the church on 6 November 1829 and named it "Our Lady of the Assumption." The church was renovated in 1859, but collapsed on 9 April 1890. [2]
The present church is the structure that was rebuilt between 1891 and 1901. Pastor Antonius Dijkmans, SJ was appointed as the architect. Construction was halted due to a lack of funding, but the church's new bishop, Mgr E. S. Luypen, SJ, raised the necessary funds in the Netherlands, and architect MJ Hulswit resumed construction in 1899. [3] "De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrowe ten Hemelopneming - The Church of Our Lady of the Assumption" was blessed and inaugurated by Mgr Edmundus Sybrandus Luypen, SJ on 21 April 1901. The church was renovated between 1988 and 2002. [2]
A tunnel connecting the church and Istiqlal Mosque was constructed between 2020 and 2021. [4] [5]
The plan of the cathedral took the form of a cross with a length of 60 meters and 10 meters wide, plus 5 metres on each aisle. It is a cathedral because it contains the "cathedra", the throne of bishop. The main entrance of the building is facing west. At the trumeau of the main portal stands a statue of Our Lady while on top of the portal there is a sentence written in Latin: "Beatam Me Dicentes Omnes Generationes" which means "All generations shall call me blessed". Besides, there is a large round stained glass Rozeta Rosa Mystica, which is the symbol of Mother Mary. [1]
There are three main spires in Jakarta Cathedral: the two tallest ones measured 60 metres tall and are located in front on each side of the portal. The north tower is called Turris Davidica, or "Tower of David"—a devotional title of Mary symbolizing Mary as the refuge and protector against the power of darkness. The south tower, also 60 metres tall, is called "The Ivory Tower", which the whiteness and pureness of ivory describe the pureness of the Virgin Mary. On the Ivory Tower, there are old clocks that are still functioning as well as a church bell. The third spire rises above the roof's cross intersection and measured 45 metres tall from the ground, and is called "The Angelus Dei Tower". [1]
The building consists of two floors, the upper floor can be reached from a flight of stairs in the northern tower. Originally, the second floor used to be the place for the choir during masses, but since the cathedral is quite old, there is concern that the building cannot support the weight of too many people upstairs. Today, the upper floor functions as the Jakarta Cathedral Museum, housing the relics of Catholic rituals, such as the silver cups, hats and robes of the Dutch East Indies and Indonesian archbishops and cardinals. [6] The museum also displays the history of the Catholic Church in Indonesia. [1]
On the southern side, there is a statue of Pietà, describing the sadness of Mother Mary while holding the body of Jesus Christ after the crucifixion. The wall surrounded the interior has several scenes depicting Stations of the Cross. The cathedral has four pulpits for confession services, two on each side. At the centre, there is a high raised wooden podium with shell-shaped roof for sound reflection. The podium was installed in 1905 and display the images of Hell on the lower side while the images of Jesus' sermons and other scenes are on the middle side. The top of the podium displays the scene of Heaven adorned with winged angels. On the southern side, there is a large neo-Gothic style organ made in Verschueren, Belgium, then moved and installed in Jakarta in 1988. This organ was taken from Amby village near Maastricht. [1]
There are three altars in this cathedral: on the left side is "The Altar of Saint Mary", to celebrate the assumption of Mary to Heaven. The altar was made in 1915 by Atelier Ramakers. On the right side is "The Altar of Saint Joseph", completed in May 1922. The throne of the bishop, called the cathedra, is located on the left side with three thrones. The main altar located in the centre was made in the 19th century in the Netherlands. It was moved from a Jesuit church in Groningen in 1956. In this altar, there is a main cross of Jesus and the tabernacle. [1]
The body of the building was made of thick red bricks covered with plaster and applied with patterns to mimic natural stone construction. The large wall was made to support wide-spanned teak beams in the roof construction. The top of the spires was made from the iron frame, while the roofs were made of teak wood construction. Iron and wood are not suitable as typical neo-Gothic architecture materials usually employ stone masonry. However, these materials were chosen because they are relatively lighter than stone masonry, considering Indonesia is a region that is prone to earthquakes. [1]
There is a piano, two electones, and two playable pipe organs.
On an elevated platform in the south transept sits an organ made by George Verschueren of Tongeren, Belgium, built in 1988. Draw stops were arranged on each side of the key desk and wind was activated from a stop on the left side. Manuals are of four octaves and the flat pedalboard of two-and-a-half octaves. The organ loft railing and organ casework reflect the gothic nature of the cathedral and all timbers are stained to match the existing woodwork of the church. Pipes are presented in flats with a large central tower and two flanking small towers in the left and right extremities of the case. [7]
The stoplist of the organ is:
Manual I (56 notes/4 octaves)
Manual II (56 notes/4 octaves)
Pedal (30 notes/2 1/2 octaves)
Coupler
The Sacred Heart Cathedral is a Catholic church in Sarajevo; commonly referred as the Sarajevo Cathedral, it is the largest cathedral in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Vrhbosna, currently Tomo Vukšić, and center of Catholic worship in the city. The cathedral is located in the city's Old Town district.
Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta, Indonesia is the largest mosque in Southeast Asia and the ninth largest mosque in the world in terms of worshipper capacity. Built to commemorate Indonesian independence, this national mosque of Indonesia was named "Istiqlal", an Arabic word for "independence". The mosque was opened to the public on 22 February 1978. Within Jakarta, the mosque is positioned next to Merdeka Square and the Jakarta Cathedral (Catholic) and also of the Immanuel Church (Reformed).
The Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lady Assumption and Saint Paul, also known as the See Cathedral, is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo, Brazil. Its current and seventh metropolitan archbishop is Dom Odilo Pedro Cardinal Scherer, appointed by Pope Benedict XVI on March 21, 2007, and installed on April 29 of the same year. The existing cathedral's construction, in a Gothic revival style, began in 1913 and ended four decades later. It was ready for its dedication on the 400th anniversary of the foundation of the then humble villa of São Paulo by Chief or Cacique Tibiriçá and the Jesuit priests Manuel da Nóbrega and José de Anchieta. Despite its Renaissance-style dome, the São Paulo Metropolitan Cathedral is considered by some to be the fourth largest neo-Gothic cathedral in the world.
The Cathedral of St. John the Baptist is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston, located in Charleston, South Carolina. Designed by Brooklyn architect Patrick Keely in the Gothic Revival style, it opened in 1907. The Most Reverend Jacques E. Fabre, the fourteenth Bishop of Charleston, was ordained and installed on May 13, 2022
Eduard Cuypers was a Dutch architect. He worked in Amsterdam and the Dutch East Indies.
The Church of St Peter and St Paul, the co-cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek, is a neo-Gothic sacral structure located in Osijek, Croatia. The multi-tiered 90-metre spire is one of the city's landmarks. The church was built in 1898 on the initiative of the Bishop of Đakovo Josip Juraj Strossmayer.
The Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas in Prešov is one of the oldest and most important churches in Slovakia. The external dimensions of the cathedral are 54.7m in length, 34.45m in width. The indoor nave is 16 m tall and tower reaches a height of 71 meters. The temple's design takes inspiration from the Late Gothic hall churches with three naves.
The Protestant Church in Western Indonesia Immanuel Semarang, better known as Blenduk Church, is a Protestant church in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Built in 1753, it is the oldest church in the province.
The Cathedral of the Virgin Mary, Queen of the Holy Rosary, also known as the Holy Rosary Cathedral or Randusari Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral and the seat of the Archdiocese of Semarang. Finished in 1927 at Randusari, Semarang, Indonesia, it became a parish church in 1930 and a cathedral in 1940, when Albertus Soegijapranata was made the first archbishop of Semarang.
St. Joseph's Church, also known as Gedangan Church, is a Catholic church in Semarang, Indonesia, the first such church in the city. Administratively, it is part of the St. Joseph's Parish in the Archdiocese of Semarang.
Chur Cathedral, otherwise known as the Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary, is the Catholic cathedral of the diocese of Chur in Switzerland. The episcopal palace of the bishop of Chur is beside the church. The cathedral claims the relics of St Lucius of Britain, said to have been martyred nearby in the late 2nd century. During the Swiss Reformation, the Catholic population of the city were confined to a ghetto enclosed around the bishop's court beside the cathedral. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
Medan Cathedral is a Roman Catholic Cathedral in Medan, Indonesia. The current cathedral was inaugurated in 1928. It is one of the Dutch colonial buildings in Medan.
The St. Peter in Chains Church is a church in Neo-Gothic style with a rich Baroque interior located at the Market Square in Beringen, Belgium. It is the parish church of Beringen centre and the decanal church of the deanery of Beringen. The chancel, nave and transept are protected since 1949 and the neo-Gothic parts since 1993.
The Holy Family Cathedral is a religious building of the Catholic Church in Banjarmasin in the province of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It was designed by architect Roestenhurg in a neo-Gothic style.
Johannes Martinus (Han) Groenewegen was a Dutch architect who was active in the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies, and subsequently, Indonesia from the 1920s to the 1960s.
The St. Mary Assumpta Cathedral, also called Tanjung Selor Cathedral, is a Catholic church located in the city of Tanjung Selor, a district in the regency of Bulungan in the province of Kalimantan of the North to the northeast of the island of Borneo in Indonesia.
The Holy Spirit Cathedral also called Denpasar Cathedral is a religious building affiliated with the Catholic Church located in the city of Denpasar on the island of Bali in the south of the Asian country of Indonesia.
Tunnel of Friendship, or Tunnel of Silaturahmi is an underground tunnel connecting the interior of Istiqlal Mosque and St. Mary of the Assumption Cathedral in Jakarta, Indonesia.The tunnel was constructed as part of the plan to renovate the mosque, and the construction was started on 15 December 2020. It took around 10 months to be finished and was finished in September 2021.