Jan Kochanowski Park is a green area covering 3,15 ha, located in downtown Bydgoszcz, Poland. It is part of the "Music district in Bydgoszcz" (Polish: Dzielnica muzyczna w Bydgoszczy) and is named after the Polish renaissance poet, Jan Kochanowski.
The park is located in an area urbanized at the beginning of the 20th century. The park is rectangular, with dimensions 120×250m, and is delineated by the following avenues:
The park has been designed by Konrad Neumann, then director of the Municipal gardens of Bromberg in 1901; its initial surface was 2.8 hectares (28,000m2). It was part of urban plans laid out in 1903, and developed through 1911[1] The design was inspired from English gardens, with about 80 species of trees and ornamental trees, mainly endemical native species.[2] The main entrance was located at Bismark Platz, today at the junction between Słowackiego and January 20, 1920, streets. The northern edge on Bulöw Straße (Adam Mickiewicz Alley) was a lawn planted with roses and low shrubs.[3]
In January 1920, Bydgoszcz joined the re-created state of Poland. On July 31, 1927, a ceremony unveiled in the park the monument to Henryk Sienkiewicz, first of its kind in the country.
In particular, the park boasted elms and poplars 25 meters tall high and oaks with 300 to 480cm circumference trunks.[3]
After World War II and the destruction of part of the trees, new plantings have been carried out in the post-war years. In 1952, during the construction of the Pomeranian Philharmonic hall, four 400cm-perimeter oaks were cut down.[3] In 1958, the southern limit of the park has been extended to include the area of the Philharmonic. In 1960, in the northern part of the park, the statue The Archer, one of Bydgoszcz icons, was installed to a dedicated rectangular square.
In 2014, an overhaul of Jan Kochanowski Park has been performed, to highlight its historical character and link it with the Music District.[4] This works included:[5]
Renovation costed 4.8million Polish złoty.[5] The newly refurbished park was open on August 13, 2015[7]
The re-construction of the park happened at the same time as the re-building of the new "son et lumière fountain" before the Pomeranian Philharmonic building, launched on May 23, 2014).[8]
Since its creation, the park bore the following names:[9]
From 1901 to 1920, and from 1939 to 1945 – Bismark Garten;
From 1920 to 1939, and since 1945 – Park im. Jana Kochanowskiego.
Jan Kochanowski park stands out among other city green areas as welcoming a large number of monuments.
First one, Henryk Sienkiewicz monument by Konstanty Laszczka, was unveiled in 1927, in presence of thousands of spectators, officials and the president of Poland Ignacy Mościcki. The memorial was destroyed by Nazis in September 1939, a new statue has been realized in May 1968, by Stanisław Horno-Popławski.
Since 1960, The Archer, realized in 1910 by Ferdinand Lepcke, has moved to Jan Kochanowski Park. It is one of the most valuable public sculpture in Bydgoszcz and considered as a real symbol of the city.
The Archer
The Archer after park renovation
In 1970, a monument portraying a broken rose, designed by Józef Makowski, was set up in the park. It commemorates the death of fifty pupils from the High School for boys, killed by Nazis on September 5, 1939.[10]
The monument by Józef Makowski
In 2007, the statue by Michał Kubiak of Andrzej Schwalbe (1923–2002), first director of the Pomeranian Philharmonic is present on the square facing the building.
Nearby the Pomeranian Philharmonic building stand red horse-chestnuts and umbrella hornbeam. In the same way, abutting the Main building of Bydgoszcz Music Academy grow silver maples, a large English oaks and rare conifer species (Douglas-fir, eastern white pine and savin juniper).[12]
In the park are registered 21 species, making it the second most rich park in Bydgoszcz, with regards to vegetal variety.
Freedom Square in Bydgoszcz is located in Bydgoszcz, Poland, in downtown area, between Gdańska Street and the park Casimir the Great.
Casimir the Great Park is the oldest park in Bydgoszcz, Poland, covering an area of 2.24 ha. The park is located in a central part of downtown Bydgoszcz, bordered by Gdańska Street, Konarski Street, Jagiellońska street and Freedom Square. Its area represents a rectangle of 100m by 200m.
Theatre Square is a large and historical place in downtown Bydgoszcz. On its borders stand many buildings registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Jagiellońska street is a historic street from downtown district in Bydgoszcz.
The Ignacy Jan Paderewski Pomeranian Philharmonic has been at its present site in Bydgoszcz, Poland, since 16 November 1953. The Pomeranian Philharmonic is the musical center of Kujawy-Pomerania Province and also features an outdoor art gallery. It is registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Adam Mickiewicz Alley is one of the main streets of downtown district in Bydgoszcz, where several buildings are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Ossoliński Alley is a large dual carriageway road located in downtown Bydgoszcz.
The Voivodeship and Municipal Public Library "Dr. Witold Bełza" in Bydgoszcz is housed in historical buildings located between the Stary Rynek and Długa street, registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List. It is the oldest (1903) library in activity in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Since 2002, it bears the name of Witold Bełza.
Kopernika street is located in central Bydgoszcz. Several buildings on Kopernika Street are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List. The street is named for Nicolaus Copernicus.
The Copernicanum is a historical building in downtown Bydgoszcz, which had been designed as a scholar building: initially a realschule, it then took the purpose of a city sciences high school and technical railway institutions. Registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List, it is nowadays the location of a junior high school.
The Bydgoszcz Academy of Music is a Polish state music university located in downtown Bydgoszcz. Its origins date back to 1974, as Branch of the High School of Music in Łódź till 1979. From 1979 to 1981, it was established as Bydgoszcz State Higher School of Music, comprising for four departments. Since 1981, it is called Academy of Music – "Feliks Nowowiejski".
Markwarta street is located in the downtown district of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Situated in its path are two green areas and several villas built during the Polish interwar period.
Henryk Dąbrowski Park is a green area covering 2,89 ha, located on the heights of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Aleja Górska is a smaller green walking path that extends to the east of the park.
The Park on Wolności Hill is a city green area covering almost 10 ha, located on the heights of Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Szwederowo is a district of the city of Bydgoszcz, Poland, located on its southern territory. Szwederowo population is the second largest of all Bydgoszcz districts.
Andrzej Jan Szwalbe (1923-2002) was a Polish lawyer, social and cultural activist and manager of the musical life in Bydgoszcz. He was the originator and creator of numerous artistic projects outside the region. In 1993, he has been designated as "Honorary Citizen of Bydgoszcz". He was awarded the highest state orders for his contribution to Polish culture.
The Lubostroń Palace is a neoclassical palace, built in 1795-1800 by Stanisław Zawadzki, a leading architect of the time. Author, among others, of edifices in Warsaw and in the region of the Greater Poland, Zawadzki was commissioned by Count Fryderyk Skórzewski to realize the project on the location of the Piłatowo folwark. The complex has been registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
New Market Square is a city square located in downtown Bydgoszcz, Poland. Dating from the early 19th century, it has been remodelled since its creation.
Wincenty Witos Ludowy Park is a 6.42 hectares urban park in downtown district of Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Józef Makowski (1914–1997), was a Polish sculptor and painter whose works are associated with Bydgoszcz.
References
↑ Bręczewska-Kulesza, Daria (2015). Rola historycznej i współczesnej zieleni publicznej w życiu miast na przykładzie Bydgoszczy (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Czasopismo Kultura-Historia-Globalizacja.
↑ Umiński, Janusz (1996). Bydgoszcz. Przewodnik. Bydgoszcz: Regionalny Oddział PTTK „Szlak Brdy”. ISBN8390528207.
1 2 3 4 Kuczma, Rajmund (1995). Zieleń w dawnej Bydgoszczy. Bydgoszcz: Instytut Wydawniczy „Świadectwo”.
Pastuszewski, Stefan (1996). Bydgoska Gospodarka Komunalna. Praca zbiorowa (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Instytut Wydawniczy „Świadectwo”. ISBN83-85860-37-1.
Kaja, Renata (1995). Bydgoskie pomniki przyrody (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Instytut Wydawniczy „Świadectwo”. ISBN83-85860-32-0.
Kuczma, Rajmund (1995). Zieleń w dawnej Bydgoszczy (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Instytut Wydawniczy „Świadectwo”.
Umiński, Janusz (1996). Bydgoszcz-Przewodnik (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Wyższej Pomorskiej Szkoły Turystyki i Hotelarstwa w Bydgoszczy.
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