King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry

Last updated

King's Own Light Infantry (South Yorkshire Regiment)
King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry)
King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry (51st and 105th)
Koyli.jpg
The 'French' Horn and White Rose of the KOYLI
Active1881–1968
CountryFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Branch Flag of the British Army.svg British Army
Type Infantry
Role Light infantry
Part of Light Infantry Brigade (1948–68)
Garrison/HQ Pontefract Barracks, Pontefract, West Yorkshire
Nickname(s)'The Koylis'
PatronGeorge IV (who conferred the 'Royal' title in 1821)
Motto(s)Cede Nullis (Yield to none)
ColorsDark Green, Royal Blue and Off-White
MarchQuick: "Jockey to the Fair", Double: "The Keel Row", Slow: "Minden March"
AnniversariesMinden Day (1 August)
EngagementsThe Seven Years' War, The Peninsular War, Waterloo, The Boer War, World War I, World War II
Commanders
Ceremonial chiefQueen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother (1924–68)
Colonel of
the Regiment		Maj-Gen. C J Deedes OBE MC (1966–68)
Notable
commanders		Sir John Moore (1790–95)

The King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry (KOYLI) was a light infantry regiment of the British Army. It officially existed from 1881 to 1968, but its predecessors go back to 1755. In 1968, the regiment was amalgamated with the Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry, the King's Shropshire Light Infantry and the Durham Light Infantry to form The Light Infantry, which in turn was merged with the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment, the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment and the Royal Green Jackets to become The Rifles in 2007.

Contents

History

The 51st Foot

The 53rd Regiment of Foot was raised in Leeds in 1755 and renumbered the 51st in January 1757. In 1782, in common with other regiments of the line, the 51st was given a "county" designation, becoming the 51st (2nd Yorkshire, West Riding) Regiment of Foot. The title of Light Infantry was given in honour of its former commander General Sir John Moore in 1809, and in 1821 the regiment was given royal status when King's Own was added to its title, becoming the 51st (2nd Yorkshire, West Riding, The King's Own Light Infantry) Regiment. [1]

The 105th Foot

The 2nd Madras European Light Infantry was raised by the East India Company in 1839. In 1861 East India Company forces were absorbed into the British Army, and the regiment became the 105th (Madras Light Infantry) Regiment. [1] The 105th Regiment moved to Pontefract Barracks to co-locate with the 51st Regiment in 1879. [2]

The King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry

In 1881, after the Cardwell and Childers Reforms, regimental numbers were abolished. The 51st King's Own Light Infantry became the 1st Battalion, King's Own Light Infantry (South Yorkshire Regiment) and the 105th became its 2nd Battalion. [3] The Childers Reforms also combined Militia and rifle volunteer units into the regiments formed in 1881. Accordingly, the 1st West Yorks Rifles Militia became the 3rd Militia Battalion, [4] while the 3rd Administrative Battalion West Riding of Yorkshire Rifle Volunteer Corps became the 1st Volunteer Battalion. [5] In 1897, the regimental title was changed to the King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry). [6]

The 1st battalion was stationed at Limerick from 1899 until they in September 1902 transferred to Aldershot. [7]

The 2nd battalion (105th) was stationed at Malta in 1884, moved to British India in 1887, then to Mauritius in February 1899. [8] Following the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899, the battalion transferred to South Africa, where it fought at the Battle of Modder River in November 1899. [9] The battalion stayed in South Africa throughout the war, which ended in June 1902 with the Peace of Vereeniging. In October that year 790 officers and men of the battalion left Point Natal on the SS Staffordshire bound for Malta, where they were then stationed. [10]

During 1912, one battalion of the Regiment was stationed in Hong Kong. On 15 March 1912, a ceremony was held for the departure from the Colony of the Governor, Sir Frederick Lugard and it was reported that a guard of honour and a military band was provided by men of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry. [11] The regiment was on parade opposite Blake Pier. [12]

With the creation of the Territorial Force in 1908, the 1st Volunteer Battalion was reorganised as the 4th Battalion at Bank Street in Wakefield (since demolished) [5] and a 5th Battalion was also raised at Frenchgate in Doncaster (since demolished), [13] while the 3rd Battalion was transferred to the Special Reserve. [4]

First World War

CWGC headstone in Rose Hill Cemetery, Cowley, Oxfordshire of a KOYLI private who died a month before the Armistice SwadlingG RoseHillCemetery.jpg
CWGC headstone in Rose Hill Cemetery, Cowley, Oxfordshire of a KOYLI private who died a month before the Armistice

Regular Army

The 1st Battalion landed at Le Havre as part of the 83rd Brigade in the 28th Division in January 1915 for service on the Western Front; it moved to Salonika in October 1915 and then landed at Taranto in Italy in July 1918. [14] The 2nd Battalion landed at Le Havre as part of the 13th Brigade in the 5th Division in August 1914 also for service on the Western Front; [14] the 2nd Battalion saw action at the Battle of Le Cateau later that month when it took some 600 casualties. [15]

Territorial Force

The 1/4th and 1/5th Battalions landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 3rd West Riding Brigade in the West Riding Division in April 1915 for service on the Western Front. [14] The 2/4th and 2/5th Battalions landed at Le Havre as part of the 187th Brigade in the 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division in January 1917 also for service on the Western Front. [14] Lt-Col Oliver Watson commanding 5th KOYLI was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC) posthumously for his actions at Rossignol Wood on 27 March 1918, [16] and Sergeant Laurence Calvert of the same battalion was awarded the VC for actions at the Battle of Havrincourt (2 September 1918). [17] Corporal Ernest Hayes, who was awarded three Military Medals in 1918 for acts of bravery on the Western Front, served with the 2/4th Battalion. [18]

New Armies

The 6th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 43rd Brigade in the 14th (Light) Division in May 1915 for service on the Western Front. [14] Captain B. H. Liddell Hart, who went on to be prolific military writer, served with the 6th Battalion. [19] The 7th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 61st Brigade in the 20th (Light) Division in July 1915 also for service on the Western Front. [14] The 8th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 70th Brigade in the 23rd Division in August 1915 for service on the Western Front and then moved to Italy in November 1917. [14]

Troops of the 12th (Service) Battalion, KOYLI break for food amdist the ruins of Feuchy, April 1917. The Battle of Arras, April-may 1917 Q5196.jpg
Troops of the 12th (Service) Battalion, KOYLI break for food amdist the ruins of Feuchy, April 1917.

The 9th and 10th (Service) Battalions landed in France as part of the 64th Brigade in the 21st Division in September 1915 also for service on the Western Front. [14] Stuart Cloete, a South African novelist, served with the 9th Battalion at the Battle of the Somme in autumn 1916. [20] The 12th (Service) Battalion (Miners) (Pioneers) landed in Egypt as pioneer battalion for the 31st Division in December 1915 and then moved to France in March 1916 for service on the Western Front. [14]

Inter-war

In 1921, the regiment became the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry. [21]

Second World War

Men of the 1st Battalion, KOYLI arriving on the quayside at Namsos during the evacuation, 2 May 1940. British troops arriving on the quayside at Namsos in Norway prior to evacuation, 2 May 1940. N108.jpg
Men of the 1st Battalion, KOYLI arriving on the quayside at Namsos during the evacuation, 2 May 1940.

During the Second World War, the battalions served in all three fronts (Europe, North Africa and Asia-Pacific). [22]

The 1st Battalion, a Regular Army unit, was serving with the 15th Infantry Brigade, alongside the 1st Battalion, Green Howards and the 1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment, and was sent to France in 1939, as part of 5th Infantry Division. In April 1940, with the brigade, the battalion was sent to Aandelsnes, Norway where they saw service as part of "Sickleforce" in the Norwegian Campaign and earned its first battle honour "Kvam" before it was evacuated on 1 May / 2 May. A period of training followed, with the battalion spending time in Scotland, Lancashire and Northern Ireland. In January 1942, the battalion commenced training for tropical service and moved to Poona, India. It was then decided to train for desert warfare and so the battalion was moved to Iran and then the Canal Zone for further training. The battalion next saw action in July 1943 during the Allied invasion of Sicily, and later the Allied invasion of Italy, before fighting through the Italian Campaign, in the Battle of Anzio and Operation Diadem before, in July 1944, being sent to Palestine to rest and refit. The battalion remained there until early 1945, when it was transferred to Italy again, only to be transferred to Marseilles in March 1945 for service in North-western Europe for the invasion of Germany. There, the battalion ended its war, fighting its last action at Potrau on 1 May 1945, some five years after it was evacuated from Norway. [19]

Men of the 1st Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry climb a steep hill in Italy, November 1943. The British Army in Italy 1943 NA8508.jpg
Men of the 1st Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry climb a steep hill in Italy, November 1943.

The 2nd Battalion, also a Regular Army unit, fought as a rearguard in the retreat through Burma in 1942. However, the battalion saw little active service afterwards, remaining in British India on internal security duties. [19]

The 1/4th Battalion served with the 146th Infantry Brigade, 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division throughout the War. The Battalion first saw action when it was transferred to Norway in April 1940 as part of the disastrous British and French intervention against the German invasion, serving as part of "Mauriceforce" at Namsos under Major General Adrian Carton de Wiart. The Battalion was soon evacuated and was moved to Iceland with the rest of the 49th Division in May 1940 as part "Alabasterforce", where they were part of the occupying garrison until returning to England in August 1942. Following training for the invasion of France, the Battalion did not land on D-Day but landed in France on 9 June 1944 and was soon fighting in the Battle of Normandy. The 1/4th Battalion fought during the battle for Caen during Operation Martlet, the Second Battle of the Odon and later clearing the Channel Coast in Operation Astonia, garrisoning "The Island" during the aftermath of Operation Market Garden, where they then fought in the Battle of the Scheldt. The Battalions' last battle was during the Second Battle of Arnhem. [22]

A fighting patrol of the 1/4th Battalion, KOYLI in North West Europe. Armed with rifles, Bren gun, Sten guns and a PIAT, Elst, 2 March 1945. The British Army in North-west Europe 1944-45 B15008.jpg
A fighting patrol of the 1/4th Battalion, KOYLI in North West Europe. Armed with rifles, Bren gun, Sten guns and a PIAT, Elst, 2 March 1945.

The 2/4th Battalion was created in 1939 in the Territorial Army when the 4th Battalion was split in two, creating the 1/4th Battalion and the 2/4th Battalion. The 2/4th fought with the 138th Infantry Brigade, part of the 46th Infantry Division in the Battle of Dunkirk with the rest of the BEF. They also fought in the Tunisia Campaign in the final stages of the North African Campaign and later in the Italian Campaign. [22]

The 5th Battalion was transferred to the Royal Artillery before the war and converted into the 53rd (KOYLI) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment. It served in the Battle of France and on the beach at the Dunkirk Evacuation and was then sent to Egypt, joining the British Eighth Army. It served with the 10th Armoured Division at the Second Battle of El Alamein and then in AA defence of airfields during the Eighth Army's dash to Tunisia. Afterwards, it landed in Sicily and in Italy, where it served as infantry and mortar troops as well as LAA gunners. [23] [24] Before the outbreak of war, the 53rd LAA Regiment formed a duplicate, 57th (KOYLI) LAA Regiment. This saw action in the Anglo-Iraqi War and Syria–Lebanon Campaign, then joined 4th Indian Division, with which it served in Operation Crusader, at Alamein, in Tunisia and Italy. It ended the war as part of the intervention force (Operation Manna) in the Greek rebellion. [23] [25]

The 7th Battalion was formed on 3 July 1940 as an infantry battalion. However, in June 1941, it became the 149th Regiment in the Royal Armoured Corps. The new formation continued to wear their King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry cap badge on the black beret of the RAC. The regiment was sent to India and became part of 50th Indian Tank Brigade. Following training, the regiment fought at Kohima and Imphal from April to August 1944. [26]

The 8th Battalion was a war service battalion raised in July 1940. It was transferred to the Royal Artillery and became the 94th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery. In June 1942, the regiment became part of the Guards Armoured Division and served with it for the rest of the war, fighting in North-western Europe from June 1944 until May 1945. [27]

The 9th Battalion (formerly the Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons) [28] was motorized infantry assigned to the 18th Infantry Brigade and attached to the 1st Armoured Division. [29] The battalion served in the Italian Campaign, fighting particularly severe battles such as that during the Battle of Anzio in early 1944 until, due to a severe shortage of manpower in the Italian theatre, it was disbanded later in the year. [30]

Post war

Reduced to one regular battalion after the war, the regiment was deployed to Malaya in 1948 to take part in peacekeeping and counter-insurgency operations during the Malayan Emergency. [31] The regiment was then sent to Kenya in 1954 as part of the response to the Mau Mau Uprising. [31] It deployed to Aden in 1955 and to Cyprus in 1956 and returned to Malaya in 1962 during the early stages of the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation. [31] Its last transfer was to Montgomery Barracks in Berlin in 1967. [31] The regiment was amalgamated with the Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry, the King's Shropshire Light Infantry and the Durham Light Infantry to form The Light Infantry in 1968. [6]

Regimental museum

The Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry Museum is housed in the same building as the Doncaster Museum and Art Gallery. [32]

Cap badge

The badge of the regiment is unique amongst English light infantry regiments as the horn is of the 'French Hunting' type (with a twist). In its centre is the White Rose of York, linking to the regiment's home in Yorkshire. [33]

Victoria Cross

The following members of the regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross:

Private Ward was the last Victoria Cross holder to actually have his VC pinned on his chest by Queen Victoria herself. He attended Windsor Castle in December 1900 and was the last of the party of four to be decorated. Queen Victoria died the following month. [34]

Battle honours

The regiment's battle honours were as follows: [6]

Colonels of the Regiment

Regimental Colonels were: [35]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">King's Royal Rifle Corps</span> Infantry rifle regiment of the British Army

The King's Royal Rifle Corps was an infantry rifle regiment of the British Army that was originally raised in British North America as the Royal American Regiment during the phase of the Seven Years' War in North America known in the United States as 'The French and Indian War.' Subsequently numbered the 60th Regiment of Foot, the regiment served for more than 200 years throughout the British Empire. In 1958, the regiment joined the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry and the Rifle Brigade in the Green Jackets Brigade and in 1966 the three regiments were formally amalgamated to become the Royal Green Jackets. The KRRC became the 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets. On the disbandment of the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in 1992, the RGJ's KRRC battalion was redesignated as the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets, eventually becoming 2nd Battalion, The Rifles in 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders</span> Line infantry regiment of the British Army from 1881 to 2006

The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's) is a light infantry company (designated as Balaklava Company, 5th Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland) and was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that existed from 1881 until amalgamation into the Royal Regiment of Scotland on 28 March 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">21st Division (United Kingdom)</span> Infantry division of the British Army during World War I

The 21st Division was an infantry division of the British Army during World War I, raised in September 1914 by men volunteering for Lord Kitchener's New Armies. The division moved to France in September 1915 and served on the Western Front for the duration of the First World War. The divisional insignia was the "triple-seven".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Yorkshire Regiment</span> Former regiment of the British Army

The West Yorkshire Regiment (Prince of Wales's Own) (14th Foot) was an infantry regiment of the British Army. In 1958 it amalgamated with the East Yorkshire Regiment (15th Foot) to form the Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire which was, on 6 June 2006, amalgamated with the Green Howards and the Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) to form the Yorkshire Regiment (14th/15th, 19th and 33rd/76th Foot).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green Howards</span> Military unit

The Green Howards , frequently known as the Yorkshire Regiment until the 1920s, was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, in the King's Division. Raised in 1688, it served under various titles until it was amalgamated with the Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire and the Duke of Wellington's Regiment, all Yorkshire-based regiments in the King's Division, to form the Yorkshire Regiment on 6 June 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordon Highlanders</span> Military unit in the British Army

The Gordon Highlanders was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that existed for 113 years, from 1881 until 1994, when it was amalgamated with The Queen's Own Highlanders to form The Highlanders. Although the 'Gordon Highlanders' had existed as the 92nd Regiment of Foot since 1794, the actual 'Gordon Highlanders Regiment' was formed in 1881 by amalgamation of the 75th (Stirlingshire) Regiment of Foot and 92nd Regiment of Foot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">York and Lancaster Regiment</span> Military unit

The York and Lancaster Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that existed from 1881 until 1968. The regiment was created in the Childers Reforms of 1881 by the amalgamation of the 65th Regiment of Foot and the 84th Regiment of Foot. The regiment saw service in many small conflicts and both World War I and World War II until 1968, when the regiment chose to be disbanded rather than amalgamated with another regiment, one of only two infantry regiments in the British Army to do so, with the other being the Cameronians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seaforth Highlanders</span> British military unit

The Seaforth Highlanders was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, mainly associated with large areas of the northern Highlands of Scotland. The regiment existed from 1881 to 1961, and saw service in World War I and World War II, along with many smaller conflicts. In 1961 the regiment was amalgamated with the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders to form the Queen's Own Highlanders, which merged, in 1994, with the Gordon Highlanders to form the Highlanders. This later joined the Royal Scots Borderers, the Black Watch, the Royal Highland Fusiliers and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders to create the present Royal Regiment of Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">King's Shropshire Light Infantry</span> Military unit

The King's Shropshire Light Infantry (KSLI) was a light infantry regiment of the British Army, formed in the Childers Reforms of 1881, but with antecedents dating back to 1755. It served in the Second Boer War, World War I and World War II. In 1968, the four regiments of the Light Infantry Brigade amalgamated to form The Light Infantry, with the 1st KSLI being redesignated as the 3rd Battalion of the new regiment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">15th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)</span> Former infantry brigade of the British Army

The 15th Infantry Brigade, later 15 Brigade, was an infantry brigade of the British Army. It was part of the regular 5th Infantry Division during the First World War and Second World War, and was subsequently part of the 2nd Infantry Division in the north of the United Kingdom, with specific responsibility for the areas of North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Yorkshire Regiment</span> Former regiment of the British Army

The East Yorkshire Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, first raised in 1685 as Sir William Clifton's Regiment of Foot and later renamed the 15th Regiment of Foot. It saw service for three centuries, before eventually being amalgamated with the West Yorkshire Regiment in 1958, to form the Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire. Subsequently, the regiment amalgamated with the Green Howards and the Duke of Wellington's Regiment to form the Yorkshire Regiment on 6 June 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)</span> Military unit

The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army. It served under various titles and fought in many wars and conflicts, including both the First and the Second World Wars, from 1680 to 1959. In 1959, the regiment was amalgamated with the Border Regiment to form the King's Own Royal Border Regiment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Worcestershire Regiment</span> Military unit

The Worcestershire Regiment was a line infantry regiment in the British Army, formed in 1881 under the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot and the 36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot. The regiment fought in many conflicts, including both the First and Second World Wars, until 1970, when it was amalgamated with the Sherwood Foresters to form the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment. In September 2007, the regiment amalgamated with the Cheshire Regiment and the Staffordshire Regiment to form the Mercian Regiment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire)</span> Military unit

The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) (until 1921 known as the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that was in existence from 1881 to 1970. In 1970, the regiment was amalgamated with the Lancashire Regiment to form the Queen's Lancashire Regiment which was, in 2006, amalgamated with the King's Own Royal Border Regiment and the King's Regiment (Manchester and Liverpool) to form the Duke of Lancaster Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">62nd (2nd West Riding) Division</span> Former artillery division of the British Army

The 62nd Division was an infantry division of the British Army that saw active service on the Western Front during the First World War.

The 207th Brigade was a formation of the British Army during World War I. It was raised as a 2nd-Line duplicate of the 162nd Brigade of the Territorial Force and formed part of the 69th Division. It served as a training formation in the United Kingdom without going overseas.

72nd Division was a short-lived infantry division of the British Army during World War I. It served in the Home Defence forces and never went overseas.

The 138th Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in the First World War with the 46th Division. The brigade again saw active service in the Second World War, with the 46th Infantry Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">148th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)</span> Military unit

The 148th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army that served in both the First and briefly in the Second World War as part of the 49th Infantry Division and disbanded after the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5th Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry</span> Military unit

The 5th Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, was a unit of Britain's Territorial Force formed in 1908 from Volunteer units originally raised in the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1860. It served in some of the bitterest fighting on the Western Front during World War I, leading the attack at the tank battle of Cambrai and defending Bucquoy in March 1918. In the late 1930s, the battalion was converted to air defence in which role it served during World War II in the Battle of France and the Dunkirk evacuation, in North Africa including the Second Battle of El Alamein, and in the Allied invasions of Sicily and Italy, including service in the rebellion in Greece. Postwar, its successor units served in Anti-Aircraft Command until 1955.

References

  1. 1 2 Arthur Swinson, A Register of the Regiments and Corps of the British Army, London, 1972
  2. ↑ "Office investment with development potential" (PDF). Edisons. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 November 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
  3. ↑ "No. 24992". The London Gazette . 1 July 1881. pp. 3300–3301.
  4. 1 2 "1st West York Militia". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  5. 1 2 "4th Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 "King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 27 February 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  7. ↑ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36882. London. 25 September 1902. p. 8.
  8. ↑ Hart′s Army list, 1903
  9. ↑ "King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry". Anglo-Boer War. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  10. ↑ "The Army in South Africa – Movements of Troops". The Times. No. 36896. London. 11 October 1902. p. 10.
  11. ↑ "Governor, Sir Frederick Lugard's Departure from Hong Kong 1912". Hong Kong Telegraph. 16 March 2012.
  12. ↑ "Governor, Sir Frederick Lugard's Departure from Hong Kong 1912". Gwulo. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  13. ↑ "5th Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 13 November 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  15. ↑ Beckett, p.140
  16. ↑ "No. 30675". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 May 1918. p. 5555.
  17. ↑ Laurie Magnus, The West Riding Territorials in the Great War, London: Keegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1920//Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2004, ISBN   1-845740-77-7, pp. 215–6.
  18. ↑ "No. 32152". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 December 1920. p. 12037.
  19. 1 2 3 "King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  20. ↑ Cloete, Stuart (1972). A Victorian Son, an autobiography. Collins, London. ISBN   978-0002110419.
  21. ↑ Army Order 509/1920
  22. 1 2 3 "King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry". British Armed Forces. Retrieved 13 March 2016.[ permanent dead link ]
  23. 1 2 Norman E.H. Litchfield, The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, ISBN   0-9508205-2-0, p. 264.
  24. ↑ "53 (Kings Own Yorks L.I.) Light AA Rgt RA (TA) at RA 1939–45". Blue Yonder. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  25. ↑ 57 (KOYLI) LAA Rgt at RA 1939–45.
  26. ↑ Forty, pp. 50–1
  27. ↑ "94 Light AA Regiment RA (TA)". Blue Yonder. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  28. ↑ "The Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 5 May 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  29. ↑ Joslen, p. 261.
  30. ↑ "Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons". Sheffield at War. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  31. 1 2 3 4 "King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry". British Army Units 1945 on. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  32. ↑ "King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry Museum Collection". Ogilby Trust. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  33. ↑ "Other ranks' cap badge, The King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 1910 (c)". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  34. ↑ Knowles, p. 79
  35. ↑ "The King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

Sources

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.