Lake of the Ozarks | |
---|---|
Location | Benton, Camden, Miller, and Morgan Counties in Missouri |
Coordinates | 38°12′09″N92°37′35″W / 38.20250°N 92.62639°W |
Type | Reservoir |
Primary inflows | Grandglaize Creek, Gravois Creek, Niangua River, Osage River |
Primary outflows | Osage River |
Catchment area | 14,000 sq mi (36,300 km2) |
Basin countries | United States |
Managing agency | Ameren Missouri |
Built | August 6, 1929 |
First flooded | February 2, 1931 |
Max. length | 93 miles (150 km) [1] |
Max. width | ~1 mile [2] |
Surface area | 54,000 acres (220 km2) [3] |
Average depth | 70 ft [4] |
Max. depth | 130 ft (40 m) [5] |
Water volume | 1,927,000 acre⋅ft (2.377×109 m3) [1] |
Residence time | 2-4 months |
Shore length1 | 1,150 miles (1,850 km) |
Surface elevation | 659 ft (201 m) |
Settlements | Camdenton, Gravois Mills, Lake Ozark, Laurie, Osage Beach, Sunrise Beach, Village of Four Seasons |
References | [3] [5] [6] |
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. |
Lake of the Ozarks is a reservoir created by impounding the Osage River in the northern part of the Ozarks in central Missouri. Parts of three smaller tributaries to the Osage are included in the impoundment: the Niangua River, Grandglaize Creek, and Gravois Creek. The lake has a surface area of 54,000 acres (220 km2) and 1,150 miles (1,850 km) of shoreline. The main channel of the Osage Arm stretches 92 miles (148 km) from one end to the other. The total drainage area is over 14,000 square miles (36,000 km2). The lake's serpentine shape has earned it the nickname "the Missouri Dragon", which has, in turn, inspired the names of local institutions such as the Magic Dragon Street Meet. [7]
A hydroelectric power plant on the Osage River was first pursued by Kansas City developer Ralph Street in 1912. He put together the initial funding and began building roads, railroads, and infrastructure necessary to begin construction of a dam, with a plan to impound a much smaller lake. In the mid-1920s, Street's funding dried up, and he abandoned the effort. [8]
The lake was created by the construction of the 2,543-foot-long (775 m) Bagnell Dam by the Union Electric Company of St. Louis, Missouri. The principal engineering firm was Stone and Webster. Construction began August 8, 1929, and was completed in April 1931; the lake reached spillway elevation on May 20, 1931. On May 30, 1931, the lake officially opened to boat traffic. [9] From above, the lake is shaped somewhat like a dragon.
During construction, the lake was referred to as Osage Reservoir or Lake Osage. The Missouri General Assembly officially named it Lake Benton after Senator Thomas Hart Benton. None of the names stuck, as it was popularly referred to by its location at the northern edge of the Ozarks. The electric generating station, however, is still referred to by the utility company as the Osage Hydroelectric Plant. [10]
While some sources indicate that more than 20 towns, villages, and settlements were permanently flooded to create the lake, the actual number was closer to eight. Several other settlements had been previously abandoned, were relocated to make way for the lake, or were on high enough ground that the creation of the lake did not affect them. [11]
At the time of construction, Lake of the Ozarks was the largest man-made lake in the United States and one of the largest in the world. It was created to provide hydroelectric power for customers of Union Electric, but it quickly became a significant tourist destination. Most of its shoreline is privately owned, unlike many flood-control lakes in the region that were constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The relatively stable surface elevation has created conditions suitable for private development within a few feet of the shoreline.
In 2011, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) renewed the lease for the power plant operated by Ameren Missouri. In the process, the FERC determined that numerous homes and structures were encroaching on utility land in violation of federal regulations. According to the Boston Globe , this issue "has triggered panic in the area's lakefront communities and led to a growing battle among regulators, a utility company, land attorneys, and the state's congressional delegation." [12]
In 2015, FERC issued an order allowing Ameren Missouri to pursue permits for about 215 structures that were termed as "nonconforming". Those were the structures remaining in limbo after Ameren was given approval to redraw the project lines encompassing Lake of the Ozarks. [13]
The lake has been impacted by several extreme weather events. In 2019, the lake was hit by the floods. In 2021, the lake froze over during a cold wave, the first time the lake had frozen over in 20 years, according to Ameren Missouri. [14] [15] In 2022, the lake levels were low due to a drought. [16]
The Lake of the Ozarks is located within the Ozark Mountains, with Bagnell Dam lying at an elevation of 659 feet (201 m) above sea level. [6] [17] It lies in central Missouri on the Salem Plateau of the Ozarks. [18] The lake extends across four Missouri counties, from Benton County in the west through Camden and Morgan Counties to Miller County in the east. [19]
The reservoir is impounded at its northeastern end by Bagnell Dam, and the Osage River is both its primary inflow and outflow. [19] Long and winding in shape, the lake consists of the main, 93-mile-long (150 km) Osage River channel and several arms, each fed by a different tributary. [1] [19] The southwestern arm is fed by the Niangua and Little Niangua rivers, [20] the southeastern arm by Grandglaize Creek, [21] and the northern arm by several streams including Gravois, Indian, and Little Gravois creeks. [22] Many smaller tributaries also drain into the lake, creating numerous small coves and indentations in its shore. [20] [21] [22] As a result, the lake has around 1,150 miles (1,850 km) of shoreline. [3]
Numerous settlements are located near or on the Lake of the Ozarks. With a population of 4,570, the largest city is Osage Beach, which sits where the lake's southeastern arm joins the main channel. The second largest is the city of Camdenton, located a few miles east of the southwestern arm. Lake Ozark lies immediately north of Osage Beach and just south of Bagnell Dam. Other, smaller communities along or near the lake include (from east to west): Kaiser, Lakeside, Linn Creek, Village of Four Seasons, Rocky Mount, Sunrise Beach, Hurricane Deck, Gravois Mills, Laurie, and Lakeview Heights. [19]
The Lake of the Ozarks has a storage capacity around 1,927,000 acre-feet (2.377×109 m3). [1] When filled to that volume, it has a surface elevation of 660 feet (200 m) and occupies a surface area of approximately 54,000 acres (220 km2). [3] [23] The lake rarely varies in surface elevation by more than 5 feet (1.5 m). [23] As it was constructed for power generation, not flood control, the lake has only limited flood-control capacity. [1]
Due to its large volume and surface area, various sources identify the Lake of the Ozarks as either the largest reservoir in Missouri or the second largest after Truman Reservoir. [24] [25] [26]
A large number of bridges had been constructed for efficient crossing of the lake. The Niangua Route 5 Bridge, built in 1936, was replaced by a girder bridge in 2003. The Niangua Arm US 54 Bridge, built in 1931, was replaced by a girder bridge in 1999.
The Hurricane Deck Bridge is a delta-frame bridge located in the west side of Lake of the Ozarks. Stretching over 2,280.3 ft (695 m) long and 28.0 ft (9 m) wide, the bridge was established to connect Laurie with Camdenton. The bridge was originally constructed in 1934 as a truss-arch bridge, but this bridge was replaced in 2013. [27] The first bridge's structure was similar to the structure of the I-35W Mississippi River bridge, which had collapsed six years before the bridge was destroyed. After the replacement opened in 2013, the original bridge was destroyed. [28]
Originally built in 1930, the bridge crosses the Grand Glaize Arm of the lake in Osage Beach, Missouri. It carries U.S. Route 54 and connects Osage Beach to Camdenton. Originally, one girder bridge carried both directions of traffic; a second girder bridge was constructed in 1984, enabling traffic to pass over the lake in both directions using separate bridges. It has undergone a significant number of improvements since its original construction, and now supports three lanes of traffic in both directions.
Originally constructed in 1931, Bagnell Dam is the only major dam supporting Lake of the Ozarks. Located in Miller County near Camden County, the dam is 2,543 ft (775 m) long and 148 ft (48 m) tall. [29] The dam was originally constructed by the Union Electric Company (now Ameren) to provide hydroelectric power to the nearby Osage Powerplant (located near the base of the dam) and support two-way traffic on a narrow highway above the dam (Bagnell Dam Boulevard). Since its original construction, the dam has undergone a number of significant infrastructure upgrades throughout the 2010s. The dam has 12 floodgates, which fully open when the lake floods. In 2019, the floodgates were open due to the Lake of the Ozarks being hit by flooding. [30]
The Lake of the Ozarks Community Bridge is a continuous truss bridge in Lake Ozark. The bridge is over 2,695 ft (821 m) long and 72 ft (22 m) wide. [31] Built in 1998, it is one of the newest bridges in the Lake of the Ozarks area, primarily built to connect the east (towards Lake Ozark and Osage Beach) and west sides (towards Sunrise Beach and Camdenton) of Lake of the Ozarks. The bridge was the only toll bridge in the Lake of the Ozarks area and only toll bridge in Missouri with a toll that varies between seasons. The bridge tolls stopped on April 30, 2024. [32] The bridge was originally expected to be toll-free by 2026. [33]
U.S. Route 54 runs east–west across the reservoir's southwestern arm and then generally northeast–southwest along its eastern shoreline, crossing the southeastern arm at Osage Beach and crosses the Grand Glaize Bridge. Missouri Route 5 runs generally north–south along the lake's western shoreline, crossing the main channel at Hurricane Deck. Missouri Route 7 runs generally northwest–southeast to the lake's southwest, crossing the southwestern arm. Missouri Route 134 runs southeast from U.S. 54 north of Osage Beach to its southern terminus in Lake of the Ozarks State Park. Route 42 connects to Route 134 and US 54 in Osage Beach. Route 242 connects US 54 to near Village of Four Seasons. In addition, a network of supplemental state routes provides access to various points along the lake shore. [19]
Bagnell Dam is operated and maintained by Ameren Missouri, the successor of Union Electric, under the authority of a permit issued by the FERC. Ameren Missouri is also responsible for managing both the shoreline and water levels of the lake. All land surrounding the lake that is within the project boundary defined by the FERC is under the company's jurisdiction. Any improvements to the shoreline, including docks, seawalls, and other structures, require permission from Ameren Missouri prior to construction. [34]
During the process of land acquisition for the lake during the 1920s, 17,500 acres (71 km2) of land were set aside for a national park along the Grand Glaize Arm of the lake. In 1946, this land was acquired by the State of Missouri for Lake of the Ozarks State Park, the largest state park in Missouri. Another state park on the shores of the lake is Ha Ha Tonka State Park on the Niangua Arm of the lake.
Lake of the Ozarks State Park is home to Party Cove, a gathering spot that a The New York Times writer called the "oldest established permanent floating bacchanal in the country." [35] The Missouri State Water Patrol has estimated that the cove attracts up to 3,000 boats during the Fourth of July weekend. [35]
On April 1, 2012, biologist and TV personality Jeremy Wade visited the lake and filmed an episode on the large catfish that could be caught there. [36]
In 2021, Osage Casino management announced it planned to build in the Lake of the Ozarks area. [37] Construction had not begun, but demolition of the former Quality Inn was completed in early 2022 where the casino will be located. [38] A house joint resolution has to be passed allowing a casino to be built near the Osage River has to signed before construction can began. [39]
An amusement park named "Oasis at Lakeport" is planned to open in 2025. [40] It will include a Marriott Hotel that is scheduled to open in 2026. [41]
Several annual events are hosted at the lake. Annual powerboat races, including the Shootout and Powerfest races, take place at the end of every summer. [42] On the last Saturday of February of every year, the Lake of the Ozarks holds a polar bear plunge event as a fundraiser for Special Olympics in Missouri. The event has existed for over thirty years. [43]
The TV series Ozark is set in Osage Beach, though filmed in the US state of Georgia. In November 2017, it was reported that the series helped increase tourism and notoriety of the Lake of the Ozarks, but did not have a significant economic impact. [44] In February 2018, a real-life restaurant called Marty Byrde's, inspired by the series, was opened in Lake Ozark, Missouri, and includes menu items based on the show, including Ruth's Smoked Wings. [45]
The HGTV television series Lakefront Empire explores lakeside homes at the Lake of the Ozarks. [46]
In June 2024, Lucky 8 productions, LLC announced plans to make a documentary about the police officers and show will be done in Osage Beach [47]
Warsaw is a city located in Benton County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,209 at the 2020 census. Warsaw is the county seat of Benton County.
Camdenton is a city in and the county seat of Camden County, Missouri, United States. Its population was 3,718 at the 2010 census. The city is enveloped by the Lower Niangua arm of the Lake of the Ozarks, and serves as a popular trade point for visitors to the area.
Bagnell is a town in Miller County, Missouri, United States. The population was 43 at the 2020 census, down from 93 in 2010.
Lake Ozark is a city in Camden and Miller counties in the U.S. state of Missouri, near its namesake, the Lake of the Ozarks. The population was 2,077 at the 2020 census.
Osage Beach is a city in Camden and Miller counties in the U.S. state of Missouri, near the Lake of the Ozarks. Most of the city is in Camden County, while a small eastern sliver is in Miller County. The population was 4,637 at the 2020 census.
The Osage River is a 276-mile-long (444 km) tributary of the Missouri River in central Missouri in the United States. The eighth-largest river in the state, it drains a mostly rural area of 15,300 square miles (40,000 km2). The watershed includes an area of east-central Kansas and a large portion of west-central and central Missouri, where it drains northwest areas of the Ozark Plateau.
The Taum Sauk pumped storage plant is a power station in the St. Francois mountain region of Missouri, United States about 90 miles (140 km) south of St. Louis near Lesterville, Missouri, in Reynolds County. It is operated by Ameren Missouri.
Bagnell Dam impounds the Osage River in the U.S. state of Missouri, creating the Lake of the Ozarks. The dam is located in the city of Lakeside in Miller County, near the Camden-Miller County line. The 148-foot (45 m) tall concrete gravity dam was built by the Union Electric Company to generate hydroelectric power at its Osage Powerplant. It is 2,543 feet (775 m) long, including a 520-foot (160 m) long spillway and a 511-foot (156 m) long power station. The facility with eight generators has a maximum capacity of 215 megawatts. The dam provides power to 42,000 homes.
Route 7 is a state highway with its northern terminus at U.S. Route 24 in northeast Independence and its southern terminus at Interstate 44 southeast of Richland. The section between Harrisonville and Clinton provides an important link for traffic between Springfield and Kansas City.
Hurricane Deck is an unincorporated community in Camden County, Missouri, United States, on the Lake of the Ozarks. It is part of the lake's resort area, and according to one source is named for a tornado which struck the area, tornadoes once being called "hurricanes" locally.
Ameren Corporation is an American power company created December 31, 1997, by the merger of Union Electric Company of St. Louis, Missouri and the neighboring Central Illinois Public Service Company of Springfield, Illinois. It is now a holding company for several power companies and energy companies. The company is based in St. Louis, with 2.4 million electric, and 900,000 natural gas customers across 64,000 square miles in central and eastern Missouri and the southern four-fifths of Illinois by area.
The Union Electric Company of Missouri was an electric power utility that was organized in 1902 and grew to be one of the large U.S. companies listed among the S&P 500. In 1997, its holding company merged with a smaller neighboring utility, Central Illinois Public Service Company through its holding company, CIPSCO Inc., to form Ameren Corporation based in St. Louis, Missouri.
The Niangua River is a 125-mile-long (201 km) tributary of the Osage River in the Ozarks region of southern and central Missouri in the United States. Via the Osage and Missouri rivers it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.
The Little Niangua River is a 64.4-mile-long (103.6 km) tributary of the Niangua River in the Ozarks region of central Missouri in the United States. Via the Niangua, Osage and Missouri rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. The Little Niangua was so named for its smaller size relative to the Niangua River.
Lake of the Ozarks State Park is a Missouri state park on the Grand Glaize Arm of the Lake of the Ozarks and is the largest state park in the state. This is also the most popular state park in Missouri, with over 2.5 million visitations in 2017.
The Grand Glaize Bridge is the name of two girder bridges that carry U.S. Route 54 over the Grand Glaize Arm of the Lake of the Ozarks in the city of Osage Beach, Missouri.
The Hurricane Deck Bridge was a truss arch bridge located on Lake of the Ozarks in the unincorporated community of Hurricane Deck in Camden County, Missouri. It carried Missouri Route 5 across the Osage Arm of the lake. It was perhaps one of the most distinctive features on the lake. It was the only truss-type bridge remaining on the lake. The American Institute of Steel Construction selected the bridge as the most beautiful steel span built in 1936. It was about half a mile long. The bridge was replaced in 2013.
Missouri Route 242, also known as Horseshoe Bend Parkway, is a short highway in central Missouri found within Lake Ozark. The highway runs from the US 54 expressway junction near Osage Beach in Miller County in the east to Route MM in Camden County.
U.S. Route 54 in Missouri is a west-east highway that runs between the Kansas state line in Nevada, Missouri and the Illinois state line in Louisiana, Missouri.
The Lake of the Ozarks Community Bridge is a continuous truss bridge in Lake Ozark, Missouri. Opened on May 2, 1998, the bridge connects the east and west sides of the Lake of the Ozarks. The bridge is over 2,695 ft (821 m) long and 72 ft (22 m). Construction on the bridge began in 1996 and the bridge cost over $43 million. To pay for the cost of the bridge, the bridge was established as a toll bridge with varying rates depending on the time of year. It remained a toll bridge until April 30, 2024. The bridge was the only toll road in Missouri prior to the toll being removed.
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