Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum

Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb

李鄭屋古墓
Entrance of the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum on Tonkin Street, with Lei Cheng Uk Estate in the background.
Location within Hong Kong
Location	41 Tonkin Street, Cheung Sha Wan, Sham Shui Po District, Hong Kong
Region	Kowloon Peninsula
Coordinates	22°20′17.14″N114°09′36.08″E / 22.3380944°N 114.1600222°E / 22.3380944; 114.1600222

History

Interior of the tomb.

Model of the tomb, at the Hong Kong Museum of History.

According to the structure, calligraphy and content of the inscriptions on tomb bricks and to the tomb finds, the tomb is commonly believed to have been built during the Eastern Han dynasty (AD 25 – 220) although the Southern Dynasties period was also suggested. It was probably built for a Chinese officer attached to the local garrison.

The tomb is constructed of bricks (average size 40x20x5cm) and consists of four chambers set in the form of a cross. The dome vault at the center was constructed by laying bricks in a spiral, while the other chambers are barrel vaulted. Some bricks are stamped or carved with inscriptions or patterns on the exposed sides. It is believed that the rear chamber is the coffin chamber, that side chambers were used for storage, while ritual ceremonies were performed in the front chamber under the domed roof.

The tomb's cross-shaped structure and the burial objects found inside show great similarities as compared to other Han tombs found in South China, which prove that early Chinese civilization had spread to Hong Kong 2,000 years ago. The inscription Panyu (Chinese :番禺; Cantonese Yale :Pūnyùh) on tomb bricks further confirms the dating, since, according to historical records, Panyu was the name of the county to which the present territory of Hong Kong belonged during the Han dynasty. Also, the style of the calligraphy used in the inscriptions was an angular version of lishu (clerical script) which was generally used in inscriptions on bronze wares and stones during the Han dynasty. There were no bodies found in the tomb.

Discovery and preservation

Discovery of the tomb in 1955.

Outside view of the tomb and protective canopy.

The tomb was accidentally discovered in August 1955, when the Hong Kong Government was levelling a hill slope for the construction of resettlement buildings at Lei Cheng Uk Village (present-day Lei Cheng Uk Estate). The tomb was then excavated by members of Hong Kong University and workers of the Public Works Department, Hong Kong under the supervision of Professor Frederick S. Drake, former head of the Chinese Department at the University of Hong Kong. After excavation, the tomb and an exhibition hall were formally opened to the public in 1957. In November 1988, ^[1] the Han Tomb was declared as a gazetted monument ^[2] by the Hong Kong Government, and it is now protected and preserved permanently under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance.

Due to conservation reasons, visitors have not been able to enter the tomb itself since the mid-1980s. They now have to view it through a glass panel at the entrance passage, and the tomb is sealed in a temperature and humidity controlled environment.

The tomb, which had been protected by concrete, waterproofing layers, topsoil and turf, suffered from rainwater leakage problems and its protection underwent a renovation project completed in 2005. The renovation works included the building of a canopy to cover the tomb. ^[3]

3D Laser Scanning Technology in digital recording of structures was applied to capture 3D images of the structure. ^[4]

The museum

Displays in the museum.

The tomb and gallery came under the management of the former Urban Council in 1969. The museum later became a branch of the Hong Kong Museum of History in 1975. As such, it is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. A newly built exhibition hall opened in 1988, when the tomb was declared a gazetted monument. The hall was refurbished in 2005. ^{[3] [5]} Details on the discovery and characteristics of the tomb, as well as bronze and pottery artefacts found in the tomb are on permanent display in the exhibition hall.

A 3D digital animation in the exhibition hall provides a detailed view of the interior of the tomb. Moreover, a 1:1 replica of the inside of the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb is displayed at the Hong Kong Museum of History.

Exhibition Hall

Granary model found at the tomb.

Ding found at the tomb.

The Exhibition Hall is located next to the tomb. The first section is about food and drink in Han as it seems because most of what was found in the Han tomb is related to food. The display of this section begins with the old Chinese adage, 'food is the first necessity of the people'. There is a map depicting food distribution, a pictogram of rice distribution and a table of the major food groups. There are also three replicas of figurines. Two of the figurines are cooks, and another one is a farmer.

The second section is about the excavation of the Han tomb. The excavation process, the inside of the tomb and the archaeologists at work are shown with several photographs. The tomb's structure and layout are shown with the models and plans. This displays also how the professionals dated the tomb by using the inscriptions on the bricks.

The third part of the gallery shows the artefacts found in the tomb. As the only Eastern Han dynasty brick tomb ever found in Hong Kong, the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb has invaluable historic value containing 58 items found on site. Objects include cooking utensils, food containers, storage jars and models (a house, a granary, a well and a stove) made of pottery (50), as well as bowls, basins, mirrors, and bells made of bronze (8). No human skeletal remains were found.

Transportation

The Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum is served by the Cheung Sha Wan MTR station (exit A3).

Surrounding

The Han Garden, located next to the museum, was completed in December 1993. The features in this Chinese garden were built following the style of the Han dynasty and include pavilions, terraces, towers, fishponds and rock sculptures.

Once overlooking the seashore, the site of the tomb is now almost 2,000 m from the sea, following a series of land reclamations.

See also

• List of museums in Hong Kong
• Declared monuments of Hong Kong
• Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King, in Guangzhou

References

1. There were senior residents told the journalists, some construction workers might already stole the antiques discovered in Lei Cheng Uk Han tomb. (李鄭屋漢墓－－維基百科）Environment Protection Department - List of Declared Monuments as on 1 January 1999 Archived 28 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine
2. "Antiquities and Monuments Office: Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb". Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
3. Press Release: "Renovated tomb offers new museum experience", December 30, 2005 ^{[ dead link ]}
4. How surveyors use 3D Laser Scanning Technology in digital recording of structures, 17 January 2007 Archived 29 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
5. The Standard: "Ancient tomb date sparks celebrations" Archived 30 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine , December 31, 2005

Further reading

• Jao Tsung-yi. 1969. Commentaries to the inscriptions on bricks of the ancient tomb at Li-cheng-uk village, Kowloon. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology. Academia Sinica (Taipei). Vol. XXXIX, Pt. 1.
• Watt, James C.Y. 1970. A Han Tomb in Lei Cheng Uk. City Museum and Art Gallery, Hong Kong.
• Lo Hsiang-lin. 1975. The discovery of a Han tomb in Lei Cheng Uk village, Hong Kong, and the objects found therein. Bulletin of the Dept. of Archaeology and Anthropology (National Taiwan University). Vols. 37–38 (1971), pages 68–83 and plates I-XVII
• Meacham, William. 1980. Photographs and a field note of the 1955 excavation at Lei Cheng Uk. Journal of the Hong Kong Archaeological Society. Vol. VIII, pp. 129–133.
• Ling, Lam Sair (2008). "Heritage Project Focus. Lei Cheng Uk Tomb" (PDF). HKIA Journal. 50: 32–33.

External links

• Museum website Archived 11 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine
• Deformation survey for the preservation of Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb

Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum
Traditional Chinese	李鄭屋古墓
Simplified Chinese	李郑屋古墓
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Lǐ Zhèngwū Gǔmù Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Léih jehng ūk gú mouh Jyutping Lei5 zeng6 uk1 gu2 mou6

v t e Sham Shui Po District
Areas	Cheung Sha Wan Kowloon Tong (part) Lai Chi Kok Sham Shui Po Shek Kip Mei So Uk Yau Yat Chuen
Islands	Stonecutters Island
Landmarks	Caritas Medical Centre Cheung Sha Wan Plaza Dragon Centre Festival Walk Lai Chi Kok Amusement Park (CLOSED) Lai Chi Kok Hospital (CLOSED) Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum Mei Foo Sun Chuen Mei Ho House Nam Shan Estate Ngong Shuen Chau Naval Base North Kowloon Magistracy Parc Oasis Sham Shui Po Park So Uk Estate Woh Chai Shan Public housing estates in Cheung Sha Wan Public housing estates in Sham Shui Po Public housing estates in Shek Kip Mei Shek Kip Mei Estate
Transport	MTR stations Cheung Sha Wan Kowloon Tong (part) Lai Chi Kok Mei Foo Nam Cheong Sham Shui Po Shek Kip Mei
Education	Tertiary City University of Hong Kong Primary and secondary Buddhist Tai Hung College Chan Shu Kui Memorial School Cheung Sha Wan Catholic Secondary School Holy Trinity College Kowloon Technical School Maryknoll Fathers' School Our Lady of the Rosary College Po Leung Kuk Choi Kai Yau School San Wui Commercial Society YMCA of Hong Kong Christian School St. Margaret's Co-educational English Secondary and Primary School Tack Ching Girls' Secondary School Tak Nga Secondary School The Church of Christ in China Ming Yin College Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Chang Ming Thien College Ying Wa College
History	Shek Kip Mei fire
This list is incomplete.