Leucanthemum ircutianum | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Leucanthemum |
Species: | L. ircutianum |
Binomial name | |
Leucanthemum ircutianum | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Leucanthemum ircutianum is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the family Asteraceae, [2] that can be found growing in Eurasian (mostly European) countries and North America. [1] Just like the similar L. vulgare , it is commonly known as the oxeye daisy. [3]
Species name and the first formal description were given to this plant by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in year 1838. [1]
Even though taxonomy of this species and related taxa is complicated, [2] there are currently three recognized subspecies: [1]
Some authors list additional two subspecies: [4]
This upright-growing herbaceous perennial daisy can reach from 20 to 80 centimetres of height. Its stem is usually firm, covered with short trichomes and only rarely spread out. Alternately arranged leaves are simple, they are sessile (without leafstalk) and serrated or shallowly lobed, while being lanceolate to spatulate in shape. [2] There are no stipules. [5]
Like other species of the family Asteraceae, L. ircutianum has flowers united into so-called pseudanthium (calathidium), with outer layer consisting of multiple whiteish strap-shaped ray flowers and inner area being of numerous yellowish circular-shaped tiny disc flowers. Bracts are present; the inflorescence is surrounded with lanceolate involucral leaves. Calyx is modified into a pappus. [2]
This species ovary is inferior. Seed is enclosed into a brown dry fruit that is called an achene (more specifically cypsela). [2] [5] L. ircutianum is an entomophilous species, that attracts various insect pollinators with its big and noticeable inflorescences that imitate a single flower. [2] This daisy flowers between May and October. [6] [7]
Species L. ircutianum is very similar to L. vulgare . Besides some morphological (such as size, pollen) and ecological differences (eg. flowering time, type of habitats), species also differ in their genome, with L. ircutianum being tetraploid and L. vulgare exhibiting diploidy. They have mostly similar distribution area in Europe, but L. vulgare is more common in North America. [8] [9] In Canada, where both daisies can be found growing, L. ircutianum occurs primarily in the east parts of the country. [8] [10]
The oxeye daisy is a plant of Eurasia (mostly Europe, with some parts of Asia) and North America. [1] [4] European countries that fall into species' distribution area are Germany, France, former Soviet Union, Spain and Italy, [1] as well as Albania, Austria, Baltic States, Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Great Britain, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden, Switzerland and former Yugoslavian countries. [4] In America L. ircutianum can be found in both USA and eastern parts of Canada. [1] [10]
This daisy flower usually grows in various habitats, including some anthropologically modified urban areas. Commonly the species can be found on different meadows, forest edges, near paths and roads, as well as in various other ruderal landscapes. [2]
The Raunkiær system classifies it as a hemicryptophyte species. [5]
Leucanthemum vulgare, commonly known as the ox-eye daisy, oxeye daisy, dog daisy, marguerite and other common names, is a widespread flowering plant native to Europe and the temperate regions of Asia, and an introduced plant to North America, Australia and New Zealand.
Cota tinctoria, the golden marguerite, yellow chamomile, or oxeye chamomile, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the sunflower family. Other common names include dyer's chamomile, Boston daisy, and Paris daisy. In horticulture this plant is still widely referred to by its synonym Anthemis tinctoria.
Bellis perennis, the daisy, is a European species of the family Asteraceae, often considered the archetypal species of the name daisy. To distinguish this species from other plants known as daisies, it is sometimes qualified as common daisy, lawn daisy or English daisy.
Leucanthemum is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is mainly distributed in southern and central Europe. Some species are known on other continents as introduced species, and some are cultivated as ornamental plants. The name Leucanthemum derives from the Greek words λευκός – leukos ("white") and ἄνθεμον – anthemon ("flower"). Common names for Leucanthemum species usually include the name daisy, but "daisy" can also refer to numerous other genera in the Asteraceae family.
Origanum is a genus of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and much of temperate Asia, where they are found in open or mountainous habitats. A few species also naturalized in scattered locations in North America and other regions.
Solidago virgaurea, the European goldenrod or woundwort, is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across most of Europe as well as North Africa and northern, central, and southwestern Asia. It is grown as a garden flower with many different cultivars. It flowers profusely in late summer.
Leucanthemum × superbum, the Shasta daisy, is a commonly grown flowering herbaceous perennial plant with the classic daisy appearance of white petals around a yellow disc, similar to the oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgareLam, but larger.
Senecio squalidus, known as Oxford ragwort, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is a yellow-flowered herbaceous plant, native to mountainous, rocky or volcanic areas, that has managed to find other homes on man-made and natural piles of rocks, war-ruined neighborhoods and even on stone walls. These habitats resemble its well drained natural rocky homeland. The plants have spread via the wind, rail and the activities of botanists. The travels of this short-lived perennial, biennial, or winter annual make it a good subject for studies of the evolution and ecology of flowering plants.
Echinops ritro, the southern globethistle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to southern and eastern Europe, and western Asia. The species is sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Canada and the United States.
Angelica pachycarpa, the Portuguese angelica, is a herbaceous perennial plant native to north western Spain and western Portugal, and naturalised in New Zealand. It inhabits forests, grasslands and stream sides and is occasionally grown as an ornamental garden subject for its glossy foliage and umbels of white flowers.
Argyranthemum frutescens, known as Paris daisy, marguerite or marguerite daisy, is a perennial plant known for its flowers. It is native to the Canary Islands. Hybrids derived from this species are widely cultivated as ornamental plants in private gardens and public parks in many countries, and have naturalized in Italy and southern California. There are many cultivars, but the most common has white petals.
Tephritis neesii is a species of fly found across Europe. It mostly lives on Leucanthemum vulgare.
Rhaponticum scariosum, common name giant scabiosa, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant of the genus Rhaponticum of the family Asteraceae.
Limonium narbonense is a species of sea lavender belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae.
Symphyotrichum ontarionis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to eastern North America. Commonly known as Ontario aster and bottomland aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights of 120 centimeters. Each flower head has many tiny florets put together into what appear as one.
Anthemis cretica, the Cretian mat daisy or white mat chamomile, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It or its many subspecies can be found around the Mediterranean region, the Black Sea area, Poland, the Caucasus, and the Middle East as far as Iran. It is highly morphologically variable, and the namesake of a species complex.
Vicia grandiflora, commonly known as large yellow vetch and bigflower vetch, as well as large-flowered vetch, is a common herbaceous plant species in the family Fabaceae, which occurs as a native plant species in Europe and Asia, as well as an introduced vetch species in North America.
Vicia tenuifolia, the fine-leaved vetch,cow vetch, fodder vetch or bramble vetch, is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the family Fabaceae. This species is widespread in Europe and some parts of both Asia and Africa. In some other areas it occurs as an introduced species. In a few countries this edible vetch is used as food for both humans and farm animals.
Knautia drymeia, commonly known as the Hungarian widow flower, is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the family Caprifoliaceae, that grows in Central and Southeastern Europe.
Galeopsis pubescens, also known as the hairy and downy hempnettle, is a herbaceous annual plant species in the family Lamiaceae, that can be found growing in various European countries.