Leucocoprinus cygneus

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Leucocoprinus cygneus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Leucocoprinus
Species:
L. cygneus
Binomial name
Leucocoprinus cygneus
(J.E.Lange) Bon (1978)
Synonyms

Lepiota cygnea J.E.Lange (1940)
Pseudobaeospora cygnea Locq. (1952)
Cystolepiota cygnea M.M. Moser (1978)
Sericeomyces cygneus Heinem. (1978)

Contents

Leucocoprinus cygneus
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Campanulate cap icon.svg Cap is campanulate
Free gills icon2.svg Hymenium is free
Ring stipe icon.svg Stipe has a ring
Transparent spore print icon.svg
Spore print is white
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Question.pngEdibility is unknown

Leucocoprinus cygneus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. [1] [2]

Taxonomy

It was first described in 1940 by the Danish mycologist Jakob Emanuel Lange who classified it as Lepiota cygnea [3] until 1952 when it was classified as Pseudobaeospora cygnea by the French mycologist Marcel Locquin. [4]

In 1978 the Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann created the new genus Sericeomyces in an attempt to better arrange the species which are now recognised as belonging to the Lepiota , Leucoagaricus and Leucocoprinus genera. He reclassified this species as Sericeomyces cygneus but noted that placing it in this newly created genus was questionable. [5] This proposed placement turned out to be short lived as it was also in 1978 that Austrian mycologist Meinhard Michael Moser classified it as Cystolepiota cygnea [6] and the French mycologist Marcel Bon classified it as Leucocoprinus cygneus, which was ultimately the classification which was adopted.

Description

Leucocoprinus cygneus is a small dapperling mushroom with thin white flesh and a white, powdery cap.

Cap: 1.5–2 cm. Campanulate and expanding as it matures. Pure white and slightly silky. Stem: 3 cm tall by 2mm in thickness. Hollow and smooth with a ring. Gills: White, narrow, crowded and free. Spores: Ellipsoid with a tiny germ pore. Dextrinoid. 6.5 x 3.5 μm. [3] [7]

Etymology

The specific epithet cygneus (originally cygnea) derives from the Latin for cygnus meaning swan. [8] This is in reference to the 'swan-like' colour of the cap.

Habitat and distribution

This species is rarely recorded. In the UK only two collections of L cygneus have been documented with one specimen in Kew's collection which was found in West Norfolk and a second in a collection in Edinburgh from a specimen found in South Devon. The first was found growing inside a hollow tree trunk whilst the second was found on damp ground. It is now speculated that the specimen found on the rotting wood may be Leucocoprinus griseofloccosus instead. [9]

Similar species

Related Research Articles

<i>Leucoagaricus</i> Genus of fungi

Leucoagaricus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Agaricaceae. As of March 2023 there are over 200 accepted species of Leucoagaricus with ongoing research into the genus adding several more each year. Leucocoprinus is a similar genus and considered by some sources to be indistinct from Leucoagaricus based on genetic data that demonstrates they are monophyletic. Species are separated into these genera based on macroscopic features such as cap striations in Leucocoprinus or the more persistent basidiocarps (mushrooms) of Leucoagaricus as well as microscopic features such as the lack of a germ pore in Leucoagaricus species. As a result of the similarities and disagreement on taxonomy, many of the species within these genera have formerly been classified in the other and may still be known by previous classifications. For instance the species Leucoagaricus gongylophorus is cultivated by fungus-growing ants but was formerly known as Leucocoprinus gongylophorus whilst other species cultivated by the lesser attine ants are still classified as undescribed Leucocoprinus species.

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Leucocoprinus ianthinus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like several other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. It is not seen in plant pots with the same kind of regularity as the well known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii and not seen in the wild as frequently as Leucocoprinus brebissonii.

Leucocoprinus straminellus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. Leucocoprinus straminellus is described as being similar to the more commonly known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii but it is smaller and a lighter shade of yellow with smaller spores that lack a germ pore. It is also described as being superficially similar to Leucocoprinus fragilissimus but slightly more robust with flesh that is less translucent.

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References

  1. "Leucocoprinus cygneus (J.E. Lange) Bon, Docums Mycol. 8(nos 30-31): 70 (1978)". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  2. "Mycobank Database - Leucocoprinus cygneus".
  3. 1 2 Lange, Jakob E (1940). Flora Agaricina Danica (PDF). Vol. V. Society for the Advancement Of Mycology in Denmark and The Danish Botanical Society. p. V (153).
  4. "Species Fungorum - Pseudobaeospora cygnea (J.E. Lange) Locq., Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 68: 169 (1952)". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  5. Heinemann, P. (1978). "Sericeomyces, genre nouveau de Leucocoprineae (Agaricaceae)". Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België. 48 (3/4): 399–407. doi:10.2307/3667940. ISSN   0303-9153. JSTOR   3667940.
  6. "Species Fungorum - Cystolepiota cygnea (J.E. Lange) M.M. Moser, in Gams, Kl. Krypt.-Fl., Edn 4 (Stuttgart) 2b/2: 236 (1978)". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  7. Lagardère, Vincent; Eyssartier, Guillaume (October 2018). "Leucocoprinus griseofloccosus sp. Nov. Une nouvelle espèce de la section denudati". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France. 132 (1–2): 105–114.
  8. "Cygnus", Wiktionary, 2022-05-12, retrieved 2022-07-20
  9. Rogerson, Sue; Henrici, Alick (December 2020). "Leucocoprinus griseofloccosus new to Britain". Field Mycology. 21 (4): 144.