Leucoagaricus

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Leucoagaricus
2010-06-06 Leucoagaricus americanus (Peck) Vellinga 88099.jpg
Leucoagaricus americanus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Leucoagaricus
Locq. ex Singer (1948)
Type species
Leucoagaricus macrorhizus
Locq. ex Singer (1948)
Species

List of Leucoagaricus species

Synonyms [1]
Leucoagaricus leucothites Leucoagaricus leucothites a1.2.jpg
Leucoagaricus leucothites
Leucoagaricus nympharum Leucoagaricus nympharum1.jpg
Leucoagaricus nympharum

Leucoagaricus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Agaricaceae. [2] As of March 2023 there are over 200 accepted species of Leucoagaricus with ongoing research into the genus adding several more each year. [3] Leucocoprinus is a similar genus and considered by some sources to be indistinct from Leucoagaricus based on genetic data that demonstrates they are monophyletic. Species are separated into these genera based on macroscopic features such as cap striations in Leucocoprinus or the more persistent basidiocarps (mushrooms) of Leucoagaricus as well as microscopic features such as the lack of a germ pore in Leucoagaricus species. [4] [5] As a result of the similarities and disagreement on taxonomy, many of the species within these genera have formerly been classified in the other and may still be known by previous classifications. For instance the species Leucoagaricus gongylophorus is cultivated by fungus-growing ants but was formerly known as Leucocoprinus gongylophorus whilst other species cultivated by the lesser attine ants are still classified as undescribed Leucocoprinus species. [6]

Contents

Taxonomy

This group of mushrooms was first defined as a subgenus of Leucocoprinus by Marcel Locquin in 1945, and it was then elevated to the status of genus by Rolf Singer in the journal Sydowia in 1948. The group was characterized as belonging to family Agaricaceae with white, dirty cream or pink spores which are generally small (up to 10 µm) but much bigger in one species, with a germ pore, with a pseudo-amyloid multilayered membrane, simple or ornamented, which is metachromatic in cresyl blue. The hyphae in the sporocarp are without clamp connections. There is always a ring which is initially fixed (but later may be movable). [7]

The type species is Leucoagaricus barssii (Zeller) Vellinga, which was formerly called L. macrorhizus.

The genus Sericeomyces was created in 1978 by the Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann to accommodate species with a silky covering to the cap [8] with 24 species being placed within this genus having been reclassified from Lepiota. [9] However this classification has since been rejected as phylogenetic data demonstrated they were not distinct from Leucoagaricus. [10]

The genus is further divided based on its morphology with the section classifications: [4]

Species

Select species include:

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Lepiota</i> Genus of fungi

Lepiota is a genus of gilled mushrooms in the family Agaricaceae. All Lepiota species are ground-dwelling saprotrophs with a preference for rich, calcareous soils. Basidiocarps are agaricoid with whitish spores, typically with scaly caps and a ring on the stipe. Around 400 species of Lepiota are currently recognized worldwide. Many species are poisonous, some lethally so.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agaricaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Agaricaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi and include the genus Agaricus, as well as basidiomycetes previously classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Lepiotaceae, and Lycoperdaceae.

<i>Leucocoprinus cretaceus</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus cretaceus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is likely tropical in origin although it was first documented in Europe where it was often found growing in greenhouses and bark beds. However many early observations conflate this species with Leucocoprinus birnbaumii or Leucocoprinus cepistipes despite sharing only some superficial similarities. This fungus is quite versatile even for a saprotroph and is often found growing in clusters on woodchips, sawdust and compost heaps as well as directly from the ground or on trees. It may also appear in plant pots and greenhouses in colder countries in which it is not well equipped to survive outside.

<i>Leucocoprinus ianthinus</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus ianthinus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like several other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. It is not seen in plant pots with the same kind of regularity as the well known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii and not seen in the wild as frequently as Leucocoprinus brebissonii.

Leucocoprinus straminellus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. Leucocoprinus straminellus is described as being similar to the more commonly known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii but it is smaller and a lighter shade of yellow with smaller spores that lack a germ pore. It is also described as being superficially similar to Leucocoprinus fragilissimus but slightly more robust with flesh that is less translucent.

<i>Leucoagaricus meleagris</i> Species of fungus

Leucoagaricus meleagris is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus cygneus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus acutoumbonatus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus delicatulus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus munnarensis is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus pusillus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus heinemannii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

<i>Macrolepiota zeyheri</i> Species of fungus

Macrolepiota zeyheri is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. In the Kilendu dialect it is known as djilo and in the Kilur dialect it is called n'volo mighom.

Leucocoprinus viridiflavoides is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It may still be known as Leucoagaricus viridiflavoides.

Leucocoprinus antillarum is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus scissus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus gandour is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucoagaricus flavus is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

<i>Leucoagaricus croceovelutinus</i> Species of fungus

Leucoagaricus croceovelutinus is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus minutulus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

References

  1. "Synonymy: Leucoagaricus Locq. ex Singer". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  2. "Index Fungorum - Leucoagaricus Locq. ex Singer (1948)". www.indexfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  3. "Species Fungorum - Leucoagaricus". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  4. 1 2 Sysouphanthong, P; Thongklang, N (2022). "Two new species of Leucoagaricus (Agaricaceae) from the Lao People's Democratic Republic" (PDF). Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology). 12: 65–74. doi:10.5943/cream/12/1/6 via www.creamjournal.org.
  5. Vellinga, Else C.; Sysouphanthong, Phongeun; Hyde, Kevin D. (2011). "The family Agaricaceae: phylogenies and two new white-spored genera". Mycologia. 103 (3): 494–509. doi:10.3852/10-204. ISSN   0027-5514. PMID   21193599. S2CID   10775394.
  6. Aylward FO, Burnum-Johnson KE, Tringe SG, Teiling C, Tremmel DM, Moeller JA, et al. (June 2013). "Leucoagaricus gongylophorus produces diverse enzymes for the degradation of recalcitrant plant polymers in leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 79 (12): 3770–8. Bibcode:2013ApEnM..79.3770A. doi:10.1128/AEM.03833-12. PMC   3675943 . PMID   23584789.
  7. Singer R (1948). "Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium". Sydowia (in Latin). 2: 35.
  8. Heinemann, P. (1978). "Sericeomyces, genre nouveau de Leucocoprineae (Agaricaceae)". Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België. 48 (3/4): 399–407. doi:10.2307/3667940. ISSN   0303-9153. JSTOR   3667940.
  9. "Species Fungorum - Sericeomyces". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  10. Vellinga, Else C. (2004). "Genera in the family Agaricaceae: evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences". Mycological Research. 108 (4): 354–377. doi:10.1017/s0953756204009700. ISSN   0953-7562. PMID   15209277.