Leucocoprinus gandour

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Leucocoprinus gandour
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Leucocoprinus
Species:
L. gandour
Binomial name
Leucocoprinus gandour
Har. & Pat. (1909)
Synonyms

Hiatula gandour Sacc. & Trotter (1912)

Leucocoprinus gandour
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Ovate cap icon.svgCampanulate cap icon.svg Cap is ovate or campanulate
Free gills icon2.svg Hymenium is free
Ring stipe icon.svg Stipe has a ring
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Question.pngEdibility is unknown

Leucocoprinus gandour is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. [1] [2]

Contents

Taxonomy

It was described in 1909 by Paul Auguste Hariot and Narcisse Théophile Patouillard who classified it as Leucocoprinus gandour. [3]

In 1912 it was reclassified as Hiatula gandour by Pier Andrea Saccardo and Alessandro Trotter [4] however nothing remains in the Hiatula genus with the majority of the species it contained being now classified as Leucocoprinus. [5]

The French mycologist Roger Heim suggested this species was synonymous with Chlorophyllum molybdites [6] however the Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann notes that this does not match with the description of the species as it does not mention green gills or truncated spores. [7]

Description

Leucocoprinus gandour is a small dapperling mushroom with white flesh.

Cap: 10-15cm wide, starting subglobose then expanding to campanulate with an umbo. The surface is white with broad 5-10mm concentrically overlapping grey scales and lighter margins. Gills: Free, crowded and white discolouring pale yellowish with age. Stem: 6-10cm long and 12mm thick tapering up from a bulbous base. The surface is white and the interior is hollow. The membranous, persistent stem ring is white and located in the middle of the stem (median). Spores: 6-8 x 8 μm. Globose to ovate with a large oil droplet and appearing yellow when viewed microscopically. [3]

Heinemann improves on the spore description as follows:

Spores: 7.9-8.5 x 6.1-6.7μm. Ellipsoid or oval in profile with a fairly thick membrane without a germ pore or sometimes with an indistinct germ pore. Metachromatic with an orthochromatic wall in Melzer's. [7]

Heinemann's description is based on the examination of the remains of the deposited specimen which consisted of only two gill fragments and a small amount of spores so no description of macroscopic features could be made. However he notes that the spores fit poorly with Chlorophyllum or Macrolepiota and that it is not synonymous with Chlorophyllum molybdites. He suggests the species may belong in Leucoagaricus or possibly may be synonymous with Lepiota ochrospora however that species was found in Guyana, South America whereas Leucocoprinus gandour was found in Africa. [7]

Etymology

The specific epithet gandour is named for the common name of this mushroom in Arabic. [3]

Habitat and distribution

The specimens studied were found in Kindja, west of Iro Lake, near Fort Archambault (now known as Sarh) in the Chari region in Chad, Africa where they were found growing on the ground in June, 1903. [3]

Edibility

Hariot and Patoulliard state that this is an excellent edible species and known by many culinary names including in Kaba, Gandour in Arabic, Kopi mbala in Foulbé and Goko in Banda. [3]

Similar species

Hariot and Patouillard state that Leucoagaricus nympharum appears to be related to this species. [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Leucoagaricus</i> Genus of fungi

Leucoagaricus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Agaricaceae. As of March 2023 there are over 200 accepted species of Leucoagaricus with ongoing research into the genus adding several more each year. Leucocoprinus is a similar genus and considered by some sources to be indistinct from Leucoagaricus based on genetic data that demonstrates they are monophyletic. Species are separated into these genera based on macroscopic features such as cap striations in Leucocoprinus or the more persistent basidiocarps (mushrooms) of Leucoagaricus as well as microscopic features such as the lack of a germ pore in Leucoagaricus species. As a result of the similarities and disagreement on taxonomy, many of the species within these genera have formerly been classified in the other and may still be known by previous classifications. For instance the species Leucoagaricus gongylophorus is cultivated by fungus-growing ants but was formerly known as Leucocoprinus gongylophorus whilst other species cultivated by the lesser attine ants are still classified as undescribed Leucocoprinus species.

<i>Leucocoprinus brebissonii</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus brebissonii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is commonly called the skullcap dapperling due to its distinctive pattern on the cap. This mushroom was only thought to be found in Europe but it has since been observed in the Pacific Northwest and may also be found in Asia.

<i>Leucocoprinus fragilissimus</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus fragilissimus, commonly known as the fragile dapperling, is a species of gilled mushroom in the family Agaricaceae.

<i>Leucocoprinus cretaceus</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus cretaceus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is likely tropical in origin although it was first documented in Europe where it was often found growing in greenhouses and bark beds. However many early observations conflate this species with Leucocoprinus birnbaumii or Leucocoprinus cepistipes despite sharing only some superficial similarities. This fungus is quite versatile even for a saprotroph and is often found growing in clusters on woodchips, sawdust and compost heaps as well as directly from the ground or on trees. It may also appear in plant pots and greenhouses in colder countries in which it is not well equipped to survive outside.

<i>Leucocoprinus ianthinus</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus ianthinus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like several other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. It is not seen in plant pots with the same kind of regularity as the well known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii and not seen in the wild as frequently as Leucocoprinus brebissonii.

Leucocoprinus straminellus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. Leucocoprinus straminellus is described as being similar to the more commonly known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii but it is smaller and a lighter shade of yellow with smaller spores that lack a germ pore. It is also described as being superficially similar to Leucocoprinus fragilissimus but slightly more robust with flesh that is less translucent.

<i>Leucoagaricus meleagris</i> Species of fungus

Leucoagaricus meleagris is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus cygneus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus medioflavus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus holospilotus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus submontagnei is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

<i>Macrolepiota zeyheri</i> Species of fungus

Macrolepiota zeyheri is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. In the Kilendu dialect it is known as djilo and in the Kilur dialect it is called n'volo mighom.

Leucocoprinus tenellus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus magnusianus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus bonianus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus tanetensis is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus flavipes is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus russoceps is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus bulbipes is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus canariensis is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

References

  1. "Species fungorum - Leucocoprinus gandour Har. & Pat". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  2. "Mycobank Database - Leucocoprinus gandour".
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hariot, MM. P.; Patouillard, N. (1909). "Collections Recueillies par M. A. Chevalier au Congo Français. Les Champignons de la Région Chari-Tchad". Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. 15. Paris: Imprimerie nationale: 89 via www.biodiversitylibrary.org.
  4. Saccardo, P. A.; Traverso, G. B.; Trotter, A. (1912). Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Vol. 21. Patavii: sumptibus auctoris. pp. 58–59.
  5. "Species Fungorum - Hiatula". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  6. Heim, Roger (1963). "Les Champignons Toxiques et Hallucinogenes". Mycologia. 55 (5): 688. doi:10.2307/3756450. JSTOR   3756450.
  7. 1 2 3 Heinemann, P. (1968). "Le genre Chlorophyllum Mass. (Leucocoprineae). Aperçu systématique et description des espèces congolaises". Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België. 38 (2): 205–206. doi:10.2307/3667552. ISSN   0303-9153. JSTOR   3667552.