Liparis liliifolia

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Liparis liliifolia
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Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Malaxideae
Genus: Liparis
Species:
L. liliifolia
Binomial name
Liparis liliifolia
Synonyms [1]

Liparis liliifolia, known as the brown widelip orchid, [2] lily-leaved twayblade, [3] large twayblade, and mauve sleekwort, [4] is a species of orchid native to eastern Canada and the eastern United States. It can be found in a variety of habitats, such as forests, shrublands, thickets, woodlands, and mountains. The orchid is considered globally secure, but it is considered rare or endangered in many northeastern states.

Contents

Description

One of the orchid's common names, lily-leaved twayblade, comes from the plant having two connected basal leaves. The leaves are light green, smooth, oval shaped, and have a partial mid-rib. Its delicate flowers are mauve or purple, arranged on a 4–10-inch (100–250 mm) tall stem in a loose cluster, and total up to 31 flowers. [4] [5] The petals and sepals are long, thin, and often droop. Its flowers can be green, but it is a rare occurrence. Each flower has a labellum that is wide, flat, and nearly translucent. [4] The labellum is pale purple and has darker veins. [6] The fruit is smaller than the pedicels. Its seeds can only germinate and grow with a specific mycorrhizal fungus that can be found across its range. It has been debated over decades whether liliifolia should have a single or two consecutive i's, although the correct spelling has now been shown to be liliifolia by botanist Bernard Boivin. [7] [8]

Habitat

It is native to eastern Canada (Quebec and Ontario) and the eastern United States. In the eastern United States, it is found in the Appalachians, Ozarks, the Great Lakes region, and the Ohio and Upper Mississippi Valleys, but not the southern coastal plains. The orchid's habitat is in forests, shrublands, thickets, woodlands, and mountains. The highest altitude that the plant can be found in mountains is 4,200 feet (1,300 m). While the plant is considered globally secure, it is rare or endangered in many northeastern states due to declining populations. It can be commonly found throughout much of its range. [1] [4] [5] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]

Ecology

The plant is pollinated by flies, potentially including the species Pegoplata juvenilis . [4] [7] It has been speculated that unspecialized insects have pollinated the orchid. [4] [7] The North American Orchid Center has stated that it is possible for insects with either long legs or mouthparts to pollinate its flowers. [4] Threats to the orchid include flooding caused by beavers, swamp habitat being drained, and insecticides that kill the flies which pollinate the plant. [7]

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<i>Erythronium propullans</i>

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<i>Drakaea</i>

Drakaea is a genus of 10 species in the plant family Orchidaceae commonly known as hammer orchids. All ten species only occur in the south-west of Western Australia. Hammer orchids are characterised by an insectoid labellum that is attached to a narrow, hinged stem, which holds it aloft. The stem can only hinge backwards, where the broadly winged column carries the pollen and stigma. Each species of hammer orchid is pollinated by a specific species of thynnid wasp. Thynnid wasps are unusual in that the female is flightless and mating occurs when the male carries a female away to a source of food. The labellum of the orchid resembles a female thynnid wasp in shape, colour and scent. Insect pollination involving sexual attraction is common in orchids but the interaction between the male thynnid wasp and the hammer orchid is unique in that it involves the insect trying to fly away with a part of the flower.

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<i>Neottia ovata</i>

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<i>Isotria medeoloides</i>

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<i>Liparis</i> (plant) genus of plants

Liparis, commonly known as widelip orchids, sphinx orchids or 羊耳蒜属 is a cosmopolitan genus of more than 350 species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic herbs with a wide range of forms. The flowers are usually resupinate and small to medium sized, yellow, yellow-green or purplish with spreading sepals and petals. The labellum is usually larger than the sepals and petals and is lobed, sometimes with a toothed or wavy margin and one or two calli at its base.

<i>Quercus ilicifolia</i>

Quercus ilicifolia, commonly known as bear oak or scrub oak, is a small shrubby oak native to the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. Its range extends in the United States from Maine to North Carolina, with reports of a few populations north of the international frontier in Ontario. The name ilicifolia means "holly-leaved."

<i>Platanthera psycodes</i>

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<i>Cypripedium reginae</i>

Cypripedium reginae, known as the showy lady's slipper, pink-and-white lady's-slipper, or the queen's lady's-slipper, is a rare lady's-slipper orchid native to northern North America. Although never common, this plant has vanished from much of its historical range due to habitat loss. It is the state flower of Minnesota.

<i>Neottia convallarioides</i>

Neottia convallarioides is a species of orchid known by the common names broad-lipped twayblade and broad-leaved twayblade. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group, and all species of Listera have been moved to Neottia.

<i>Galearis rotundifolia</i>

Galearis rotundifolia is a species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is commonly called roundleaf orchis and small round-leaved orchid. It is native to North America, where it occurs throughout Canada, part of the northern United States, and Greenland.

<i>Neottia bifolia</i>

Neottia bifolia, common name southern twayblade, is a species of terrestrial orchid found in eastern Canada and the eastern United States.

<i>Medeola</i>

Medeola virginiana, known as Indian cucumber or Indian cucumber-root, is an eastern North American plant species in the lily family, Liliaceae. It is the only currently recognized plant species in the genus Medeola. It grows in the understory of forests. The plant bears edible rhizomes that have a mild cucumber-like flavor.

<i>Dipodium variegatum</i>

Dipodium variegatum, commonly known as the slender hyacinth-orchid, or blotched hyacinth-orchid, is a leafless mycoheterotrophic orchid that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It forms mycorrhizal relationships with fungi of the genus Russula.

Drakaea concolor, commonly known as the kneeling hammer orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south–west of Western Australia. The species is only known from a few areas in the far west of the state and has been declared "vulnerable" by the Australian Government and "threatened" by the Government of Western Australia.

References

  1. 1 2 "Liparis liliifolia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. ↑ "Liparis liliifolia". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA . Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  3. ↑ Minnesota Wildflowers
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Liparis liliifolia". North American Orchid Center. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  5. 1 2 Stupka, Arthur (1965). Wildflowers in Color. Harper & Row. p. 21.
  6. ↑ Croix, I. F. La (January 1, 2008). The New Encyclopedia of Orchids: 1500 Species in Cultivation. Timber Press. p. 246. ISBN   978-0-88192-876-1.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Large Twayblade". New York Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  8. ↑ Mattrick, Christopher (2004). "Liparis liliifolia (L.) L. C. Rich. ex Lindley Lily-leaved twayblade" (PDF). Native Plant Trust. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
  9. ↑ Magrath, Lawrence K. (2002). "Liparis liliifolia". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 26. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  10. ↑ "Liparis liliifolia". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  11. ↑ Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
  12. ↑ Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States Monocotyledons 1–712. The University of Georgia Press, Athens.
  13. ↑ Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
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