| Lists of religious leaders by century: |
| See also: |
This is a list of the top-level leaders for religious groups with at least 50,000 adherents, and that led anytime from January 1, 901, to December 31, 1000. It should likewise only name leaders listed on other articles and lists.
Zaydism is one of the Shia sects closest in terms of theology to the Ibadi and Mutazila schools. Zaidiyyah emerged in the eighth century from Shi'a Islam. Zaydis are named after Zayd ibn ʻAlī, the grandson of Husayn ibn ʻAlī and the son of the fourth Imam Ali ibn 'Husain. Followers of the Zaydi Islamic jurisprudence are called Zaydi Shia and make up about 25% of Muslims in Yemen, with the greatest majority of Shia Muslims in that country being of the Zaydi school of thought.
The Musta‘lī are a branch of Isma'ilism named for their acceptance of al-Musta'li as the legitimate nineteenth Fatimid caliph and legitimate successor to his father, al-Mustansir Billah. In contrast, the Nizari—the other living branch of Ismailism, presently led by Aga Khan IV—believe the nineteenth caliph was al-Musta'li's elder brother, Nizar. Isma'ilism is a branch of Shia Islam.
Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abdallah, better known by his regnal name al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah or bi-Amri 'llah, was the second Caliph in Ifriqiya of the Fatimid dynasty and ruled from 934 to 946. He is the 12th Imam according to the Isma'ili faith.
Alid dynasties of northern Iran or Alavids. In the 9th–14th centuries, the northern Iranian regions of Tabaristan, Daylam and Gilan, sandwiched between the Caspian Sea and the Alborz range, came under the rule of a number of Arab Alid dynasties, espousing the Zaydi branch of Shia Islam.
The Minor Occultation, also known as the First Occultation, in Shia Islam refers to the early years of the Imamate of Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi, who disappeared and would only contact his followers through the Four Deputies. It was followed by the Major Occultation.
Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ruh Nawbakhti was the third of the Four Deputies appointed by the twelfth Imam of Twelver Shias, Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi during the Minor Occultation. He was a native of Qum who migrated to Baghdad during the time of Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi, the first deputy. Al‑Nawbakhti was a companion of the second deputy Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Uthman and became his agent for several years. After the death of al-Nawbakhti, Abul Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri was appointed as the fourth deputy of Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi.
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri was the fourth and last of the Four Deputies appointed by the twelfth and final Imam, Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi, while he was in the Minor Occultation. He became the fourth deputy upon the death of his predecessor Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ruh al-Nawbakhti. Unlike the three previous deputies, he had no appointed successor and the Major Occultation began after his death.
The name Abu al-Qasim or Abu'l-Qasim, meaning father of Qasim, is a kunya or attributive name of Islamic prophet Muhammad, describing him as father to his son Qasim ibn Muhammad. Since then the name has been used by the following:
Abu'l-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Maghribi, also called al-wazir al-Maghribi and by the surname al-Kamil Dhu'l-Wizaratayn, was the last member of the Banu'l-Maghribi, a family of statesmen who served in several Muslim courts of the Middle East in the 10th and early 11th centuries. Abu'l-Qasim himself was born in Hamdanid Aleppo before fleeing with his father to Fatimid Egypt, where he entered the bureaucracy. After his father's execution, he fled to Palestine, where he raised the local Bedouin leader Mufarrij ibn Daghfal to rebellion against the Fatimids (1011–13). As the rebellion began to falter, he fled to Iraq, where he entered the service of the Buyid emirs of Baghdad. Soon after he moved to the Jazira, where he entered the service of the Uqaylids of Mosul and finally the Marwanids of Mayyafariqin. He was also a poet and author of a number of treatises, including a "mirror for princes".
