For an explanation of the French peerage, see the article Peerage of France. Note that peerages and titles were distinct, and the date given for the extinction of the peerage is not necessarily the same as that of the extinction of the title. For more on noble titles and distinctions, see French nobility.
The dates of the creation of the twelve peerages are obscure.
| Title | Documentary identification | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Duke of Reims | 1216 | held by the Archbishop of Reims |
| Duke of Laon | ? | held by the Bishop of Laon |
| Duke of Langres | 1216 | held by the Bishop of Langres |
| Count of Beauvais | 1216 | held by the Bishop of Beauvais |
| Count of Châlons | 1216 | held by the Bishop of Châlons |
| Count of Noyon | 1216 | held by the Bishop of Noyon |
| Duke of Normandy | 1202 | forfeit 1203 |
| Duke of Aquitaine (Guyenne) | 1202 | forfeit 1203 |
| Duke of Burgundy | 1216 | merged 1361 |
| Count of Flanders | 1224 | ceded to the Holy Roman Empire 1531 |
| Count of Champagne | 1216 | merged 1314 |
| Count of Toulouse | ? | merged 1271 |
| Title | Date of Creation | Surname | Mode of extinction | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reign of Saint Louis IX (8 November 1226 - 25 August 1270) | ||||
| Duke of Guyenne | 1259 | Plantagenet (House of Anjou) | forfeit 1369 | also forfeit 1294–1303 and 1347–1360; legitimate male line extinguished in 1499 |
| Reign of Philip III (25 August 1270 - 5 October 1285) | ||||
| none | ||||
| Reign of Philip IV (5 October 1285 - 29 November 1314) | ||||
| Count of Anjou | 1297 | Royal family | merged 1328 | for Charles, brother of King Philip IV |
| Count of Artois | 1297 | Artois (Royal family) | ceded to the Holy Roman Empire 1530 | |
| Reigns of Louis X (29 November 1314 - 5 June 1316) & John I (15–20 November 1316) | ||||
| Count of Poitou | 1314 | Royal family | merged 1316 | for Philip, brother of King Louis X |
| Count of La Marche | 1316 | Royal family | extinct 1321 | for Charles, brother of King Philip V |
| Count of Évreux | 1316 | Évreux (Royal family) | exchanged 1404 | |
| Reign of Philip V (20 November 1316 - 3 January 1322) | ||||
| Count of Angoulême | 1317 | Évreux (Royal family) | exchanged 1404 | |
| Count of La Marche | 1321 | Bourbon (Royal family) | forfeit 1527 | |
| Reign of Charles IV (3 January 1322 - 1 February 1328) | ||||
| Count of Étampes | 1327 | Évreux (Royal family) | given away 1381 | |
| Duke of Bourbon | 1327 | Bourbon (Royal family) | forfeit 1527 | |
| Title | Date of Creation | Surname | Mode of extinction | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reign of Philip VI (1 February 1328 - 22 August 1350) | ||||
| Count of Beaumont-le-Roger | 1328 | Artois (Royal family) | forfeit 1331 | |
| Count of Maine | 1331 | Royal family | merged 1350 | for John, son of King Philip VI |
| Duke of Normandy | 1332 | Royal family | merged 1350 | for John, son of King Philip VI |
| Duke of Orléans | 1344 | Royal family | extinct 1376 | for Philip, son of King Philip VI |
| Count of Valois | 1344 | Royal family | extinct 1376 | for Philip, son of King Philip VI |
| Count of Nevers | 1347 | Royal family, Flanders | extinct 1383 | for Marguerite, daughter of King Philip V |
| Reign of John II (22 August 1350 - 8 April 1364) | ||||
| Count of Mantes | 1353 | Évreux (Royal family) | exchanged 1404 | |
| Count of Beaumont-le-Roger | 1354 | Évreux (Royal family) | exchanged 1404 | |
| Duke of Normandy | 1355 | Royal family | merged 1364 | for Charles, son of King John II |
| Duke of Anjou | 1356 | Royal family | extinct 1481 | for Louis, son of King John II |
| Count of Poitou | 1357 | Royal family | exchanged 1360 | for John, son of King John II |
| Count of Mâcon | 1359 | Royal family | exchanged 1360 | for John, son of King John II |
| Count of Maine | 1360 | Royal family | extinct 1481 | for Louis, son of King John II |
| Duke of Berry | 1360 | Royal family | extinct 1417 | for John, son of King John II |
| Duke of Auvergne | 1360 | Royal family | extinct 1521 | for Jean, son of King John II |
| Duke of Touraine | 1360 | Royal family | exchanged 1363 | for Philip, son of King John II |
| Duke of Burgundy | 1363 | Royal family | extinct 1477 | for Philip, son of King John II |
| Reign of Charles V (8 April 1364 - 16 September 1380) | ||||
| Count of Poitou | 1369 | Royal family | extinct 1417 | for John, son of King John II |
| Baron of Montpellier | 1371 | Évreux (Royal family) | forfeit 1382 | |
| Reign of Charles VI (16 September 1380 - 21 October 1422) | ||||
| Duke of Touraine | 1386 | Royal family | exchanged 1392 | for Louis, brother of King Charles VI |
| Duke of Orléans | 1392 | Royal family | merged 1498 | for Louis, brother of King Charles VI |
| Count of Valois | 1392 | Royal family | elevated to a dukedom 1406 | for Louis, brother of King Charles VI |
| Duke of Guyenne | after 1392 | Royal family | extinct 1400 | for Charles, son of King Charles VI |
| Count of Périgord | 1399 | Orléans (Royal family) | sold 1397 | for Louis, brother of King Charles VI |
| Duke of Guyenne | after 1400 | Royal family | extinct 1415 | for Louis, son of King Charles VI |
| Duke of Touraine | 1401 | Royal family | extinct 1416 | for John, son of King Charles VI |
| Duke of Alençon | 1404 | Alençon (Royal family) | extinct 1525 | forfeit 1458–1461, 1474–1476 and 1482–1483 |
| Count of Soissons | 1404 | Orléans (Royal family) | merged 1498 | for Louis, brother of King Charles VI |
| Baron of Coucy | 1404 | Orléans (Royal family) | merged 1498 | for Louis, brother of King Charles VI |
| Duke of Nemours | 1404 | Évreux (Royal family) | extinct 1503 | |
| Castellan of Châtillon | 1404 | ?? | ?? | |
| Count of Rethel | 1405 | Bourgogne (Royal family) | extinct 1415 | |
| Duke of Valois | 1406 | Royal family | merged 1498 | for Louis, brother of King Charles VI |
| Count of Mortagne | 1407 | Royal family | extinct 1416 | for John, son of King Charles VI |
| Count of Mortain | 1407 | Évreux (Royal family) | forfeit 1408 | |
| Castellan of Evry-le-Châtel | 1408 | ?? | ?? | |
| Castellan of Jouy-le-Châtel | 1408 | ?? | ?? | |
| Count of Mortain | 1414 | Royal family | extinct 1415 | for Louis, son of King Charles VI |
| Duke of Berry | 1416 | Royal family | extinct 1416 | for John, son of King Charles VI |
| Duke of Touraine | 1416 | Royal family | merged 1422 | for Charles, son of King Charles VI |
| Duke of Berry | 1417 | Royal family | merged 1422 | for Charles, son of King Charles VI |
| Reign of Charles VII (21 October 1422 - 22 July 1461) | ||||
| Duke of Touraine | 1423 | Douglas | extinct 1440 | |
| Count of Évreux | 1427 | Stewart | exchanged after 1428 | |
| Count of Saintonge | 1428 | Stewart | For Sale | |
| Duke of Normandy | 1436 | Royal family | extinct 1436 | for Philip, son of King Charles VII |
| Duke of Guyenne | 1436 | Royal family | extinct 1436 | for Philip, son of King Charles VII |
| Count of Foix | 1458 | Foix, Albret, Bourbon | merged 1589 | |
| Count of Eu | 1458 | Artois (Royal family), Bourgogne, Cleves, Lorraine-Guise, Orléans, Bourbon | extinct 1775 | |
| Count of Nevers | 1459 | Bourgogne (Royal family) | extinct 1464 | |
| Reign of Louis XI (22 July 1461 - 30 August 1483) | ||||
| Duke of Berry | 1461 | Royal family | exchanged 1465 | for Charles, brother of King Louis XI |
| Count of Nevers | 1464 | Bourgogne (Royal family) | extinct 1491 | |
| Duke of Normandy | 1465 | Royal family | exchanged 1469 | for Charles, brother of King Louis XI |
| Count of Mortain | 1465 | Royal family | extinct 1474 | for Charles, brother of King Louis XI |
| Duke of Guyenne | 1469 | Royal family | extinct 1474 | for Charles, brother of King Louis XI |
| Count of Villefranche | 1480 | Aragon | extinct ??? | |
| Reign of Charles VIII (30 August 1483 - 7 April 1498) | ||||
| none | ||||
| Reign of Louis XII (7 April 1498 - 1 January 1515) | ||||
| Duke of Valois | 1498 | Angoulême (Royal family) | merged 1515 | |
| Count of Nevers | 1505 | Cleves | elevated to a dukedom 1538 | |
| Countess of Soissons | 1505 | Royal family | merged 1515 | for Claude, daughter of King Louis XII |
| Baronness of Coucy | 1505 | Royal family | merged 1515 | for Claude, daughter of King Louis XII |
| Duke of Nemours | 1507 | Foix | extinct 1512 | |
| Reign of Francis I (1 January 1515 - 31 March 1547) | ||||
| Duke of Vendôme | 1515 | Bourbon (Royal family) | merged 1589 | |
| Duchess of Angoulême | 1515 | Savoy | extinct 1532 | for Louise of Savoy, mother of King Francis I |
| Duchess of Anjou | 1515 | Savoy | extinct 1532 | for Louise of Savoy, mother of King Francis I |
| Duke of Châtellerault | 1515 | Bourbon (Royal family) | forfeit 1527 | |
| Duchess of Valois | 1516 | Orléans (Royal family) | extinct 1520 | |
| Duchess of Berry | 1517 | Orléans (Royal family) | extinct 1549 | |
| Duke of Nemours | 1524 | Savoy | extinct 1652 | for Louise of Savoy, mother of King Francis I. Transferred to the grantee's brother in 1528 |
| Duchess of Bourbon | 1527 | Savoy | extinct 1532 | for Louise of Savoy, mother of King Francis I |
| Duchess of Châtellerault | 1527 | Savoy | given away 1530 | |
| Duke of Guise | 1528 | Lorraine | extinct 1675 | |
| Duchess of Auvergne | 1528 | Savoy | extinct 1532 | for Louise of Savoy, mother of King Francis I |
| Duchess of Châtellerault | 1530 | Savoy | extinct 1532 | for Louise of Savoy, mother of King Francis I |
| Duke of Nevers | 1539 | Albret, Cleves, Gonzaga | sold 1659 | |
| Duke of Montpensier | 1539 | Bourbon (Royal family) | extinct 1608 | |
| Duke of Orléans | 1540 | Royal family | extinct 1545 | for Charles, son of King Francis I |
| Duke of Angoulême | 1540 | Royal family | extinct 1545 | for Charles, son of King Francis I |
| Duke of Châtellerault | 1540 | Royal family | extinct 1545 | for Charles, son of King Francis I |
| Count of Clermont | 1540 | Royal family | extinct 1545 | for Charles, son of King Francis I |
| Count of La Marche | 1540 | Royal family | extinct 1545 | for Charles, son of King Francis I |
| Duke of Bourbon | 1544 | Royal family | extinct 1545 | for Charles, son of King Francis I |
| Reign of Henry II (31 March 1547 - 10 July 1559) | ||||
| Duke of Aumale | 1547 | Lorraine-Guise | extinct 1631 | |
| Duchess of Berry | 1550 | Royal family | extinct 1574 | for Marguerite, sister of King Henry II |
| Duke of Montmorency | 1551 | Montmorency | forfeit 1632 | |
| Duke of Albret | 1556 | Albret, Bourbon | merged 1589 | for Jeanne d'Albret, suo jure queen of Navarre |
| Reign of Francis II (10 July 1559 - 5 December 1560) | ||||
| None | ||||
| Reign of Charles IX (5 December 1560 - 30 May 1574) | ||||
| Duke of Anjou | 1566 | Royal family | merged 1574 | for Henry, brother of King Charles IX |
| Duke of Bourbon | 1566 | Royal family | merged 1574 | for Henry, brother of King Charles IX |
| Count of Forez | 1566 | Royal family | merged 1574 | for Henry, brother of King Charles IX |
| Duke of Alençon | 1566 | Royal family | extinct 1584 | for Francis, brother of King Charles IX |
| Duke of Château-Thierry | 1566 | Royal family | extinct 1584 | for Francis, brother of King Charles IX |
| Count of Perche | 1566 | Royal family | extinct 1584 | for Francis, brother of King Charles IX |
| Count of Meulan | 1566 | Royal family | extinct 1584 | for Francis, brother of King Charles IX |
| Count of Mantes | 1566 | Royal family | extinct 1584 | for Francis, brother of King Charles IX |
| Duke of Penthièvre | 1569 | Luxembourg, Lorraine, Bourbon-Vendôme | extinct 1687 | |
| Duke of Auvergne | 1569 | Royal family | merged 1574 | for Henry, brother of King Charles IX |
| Duke of Évreux | 1569 | Royal family | extinct 1584 | for Francis, brother of King Charles IX |
| Count of Dreux | 1569 | Royal family | extinct 1584 | for Francis, brother of King Charles IX |
| Duke of Mercœur | 1569 | Lorraine | extinct 1712 | |
| Duke of Uzès | 1572 | Crussol | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Mayenne | 1573 | Lorraine-Guise, Gonzaga | sold 1654 | |
| Reign of Henry III (30 May 1574 - 2 August 1589) | ||||
| Duke of Saint-Fargeau | 1574 | Bourbon-Montpensier (Royal family) | extinct 1693 | |
| Duke of Anjou | 1576 | Royal family | extinct 1584 | for Francis, brother of King Henry III |
| Duke of Touraine | 1576 | Royal family | extinct 1584 | for Francis, brother of King Henry III |
| Duke of Berry | 1576 | Royal family | extinct 1584 | for Francis, brother of King Henry III |
| Duke of Joyeuse | 1581 | Joyeuse, Lorraine-Guise | extinct 1675 | |
| Duke of Piney | 1581 | Luxembourg, Albert, Clermont, Montmorency – Luxembourg | abolished 1790 | also known as Duke of Luxembourg |
| Duke of Elbeuf | 1581 | Lorraine | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Retz | 1581 | Gondi | extinct 1634 | |
| Duke of Epernon | 1581 | La Valette | extinct 1661 | |
| Duke of Rethel | 1581 | Gonzaga | sold 1658 | |
| Duke of Hallwin | 1588 | Hallwin | extinct 1611(?) | |
| Duke of Montbazon | 1588 | Rohan | extinct 1593 | |
| Duke of Ventadour | 1589 | Lévis | extinct 1717 | |
| Title | Date of Creation | Surname | Mode of extinction | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reign of Henry IV (2 August 1589 - 14 May 1610 ) | ||||
| Duke of Montbazon | 1595 | Rohan | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Thouars | 1599 | La Trémoille | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Beaufort | 1597 | Estrées, Bourbon | sold 1688 | for the mistress of King Henry IV |
| Duke of Vendôme | 1598 | Bourbon | extinct 1712 | for Cesar, illegitimate son of King Henry IV |
| Duke of Biron | 1598 | Gontaut | forfeit 1602 | |
| Duke of Aiguillon | 1600 | Lorraine-Mayenne | extinct 1621 | |
| Duke of Rohan | 1603 | Rohan | extinct 1638 | for Henri, Duke of Rohan |
| Duke of Sully | 1606 | Béthune | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Fronsac | 1608 | Orléans-Longueville | extinct 1631 | |
| Duchess of Montpensier | 1608 | Bourbon (Royal family), Orléans | extinct 1693 | |
| Duke of Damville | 1610 | Montmorency | forfeit 1632 | |
| Reign of Louis XIII (14 May 1610 - 14 May 1643) | ||||
| Duke of Hallwin | 1611 | Hallwin | extinct 1620 | |
| Duke of Châteauroux | 1616 | Bourbon-Condé (Royal family) | left the possession of this family by 1710 | |
| Duke of Luynes | 1619 | Albert | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Lesdiguières | 1620 | Bonne, Créquy | extinct 1711 | |
| Duke of Bellegarde | 1620 | Saint-Lary | extinct 1646 | |
| Duke of Brissac | 1620 | Cossé | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Hallwin | 1621 | Hallwin, Schomberg | extinct 1656 | |
| Duke of Candale | 1621 | La Valette | extinct 1639 | peerage created for life with no territorial attachment |
| Duke of Chaulnes | 1621 | Albert | extinct 1698 | |
| Duke of Orléans | 1626 | Royal family | extinct 1660 | for Gaston, brother of King Louis XIII |
| Duke of Chartres | 1626 | Royal family | extinct 1660 | for Gaston, brother of King Louis XIII |
| Duke of Chevreuse | 1627 | Lorraine-Guise | sold 1655 | |
| Duke of Valois | 1630 | Royal family | extinct 1660 | for Gaston, brother of King Louis XIII |
| Duke of Richelieu | 1631 | Plessis, Vignerot | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of La Valette | 1631 | La Valette | extinct 1661 | |
| Duke of La Rochefoucauld | 1631 | La Rochefoucauld | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Montmorency | 1633 | Bourbon-Condé (Royal family) | abolished 1790 | renamed Duke of Enghien in 1689 |
| Duke of Retz | 1634 | Gondi | extinct 1676 | |
| Duke of Fronsac | 1634 | Plessis, Maillé-Brézé, Bourbon-Condé, Vignerot | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Aiguillon | 1634 | L'Age | extinct 1635 | |
| Duke of Saint-Simon | 1635 | Rouvroy | extinct 1755 | |
| Duke of La Force | 1637 | Caumont | extinct 1755 | |
| Duke of Aiguillon | 1638 | Vignerot, Plessis | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Albret | 1641 | Bourbon-Condé (Royal family) | given away 1651 | |
| Duke of Valentinois | 1642 | Grimaldi | extinct 1731 | |
| Reign of Louis XIV (14 May 1643 - 1 September 1715) | ||||
| Duke of Rohan | 1648 | Rohan – Chabot | abolished 1790 | for Anne de Rohan-Chabot and her husband François, Prince of Soubise |
| Duke of Albret | 1665 | La Tour d'Auvergne | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Château-Thierry | 1665 | La Tour d'Auvergne | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Bourbon | 1661 | Bourbon-Condé (Royal family) | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Orléans | 1661 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Philip, brother of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Chartres | 1661 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Philip, brother of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Valois | 1661 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Philip, brother of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Randan | 1661 | La Rochefoucauld-Randan, Foix de Candale | extinct 1714 | |
| Duke of Verneuil | 1663 | Bourbon | extinct 1682 | for Henry, illegitimate son of King Henry IV |
| Duke of Estrées | 1663 | Estrées de Lauzières | extinct 1737 | |
| Duke of Gramont | 1663 | Gramont | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of La Meilleraye | 1663 | La Porte-Mazarin | extinct 1738 | |
| Duke of Rethel | 1663 | La Porte-Mazarin | extinct 1738 | |
| Duke of Villeroy | 1663 | Neufville | abolished 1794 | |
| Duke of Mortemart | 1663 | Rochechouart | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Poix | 1663 | Créquy | extinct 1687 | |
| Duke of Saint-Aignan | 1663 | Beauvilliers | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of La Rocheguyon | 1663 | Plessis-Liancourt | extinct 1674 | |
| Duke of Tresmes | 1663 | Potier | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Noailles | 1663 | Noailles | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Coislin | 1663 | Cambout | extinct 1732 | |
| Duc de Choiseul | 1665 | Choiseul | extinct 1705 | |
| Duke of Aumont | 1665 | Aumont | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of La Ferté-Senneterre | 1666 | Saint-Nectaire | extinct 1703 | |
| Duke of Montausier | 1665 | Saint-Maure | extinct 1690 | |
| Duchesse de La Vallière | 1667 | La Vallière, Bourbon | given away 1698 | for the mistress of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Nemours | 1672 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Philip, brother of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Saint-Cloud | 1674 | n/a | abolished 1790 | held by the Archbishop of Paris |
| Duke of Béthune-Charost | 1690 | Béthune | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Damville | 1694 | Bourbon | sold 1719 | for Louis-Alexandre, legitimated son of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Montpensier | 1695 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Philip, brother of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Aumale | 1695 | Bourbon | sold 1773 | for Louis-Auguste, legitimated son of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Penthièvre | 1697 | Bourbon | abolished 1790 | for Louis-Alexandre, legitimated son of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Châteauvillain | 1703 | Bourbon | abolished 1790 | for Louis-Alexandre, legitimated son of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Guise | 1704 | Bourbon-Condé (Royal family) | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Boufflers | 1708 | Boufflers | extinct 1751 | |
| Duke of Villars | 1709 | Brancas | extinct 1777 | |
| Duke of Harcourt | 1709 | Harcourt | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Alençon | 1710 | Royal family | extinct 1714 | for Charles, grandson of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Angoulême | 1710 | Royal family | extinct 1714 | for Charles, grandson of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Fitz-James | 1710 | Fitz-James | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Antin | 1711 | Pardaillan de Gondrin | extinct 1757 | |
| Duke of Rambouillet | 1711 | Bourbon | abolished 1790 | for Louis-Alexandre, legitimated son of King Louis XIV |
| Duke of Chaulnes | 1711 | Albert d'Ailly, Albert de Luynes | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Rohan-Rohan | 1714 | Rohan | extinct 1787 | for Hercule Meriadec de Rohan |
| Duke of Joyeuse | 1714 | Melun | extinct 1724 | |
| Duke of Hostun | 1715 | Hostun | extinct 1755 | |
| Reign of Louis XV (1 September 1715 - 10 May 1774) | ||||
| Duke of Villars-Brancas | 1716 | Brancas | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Roannais | 1716 | Aubusson de La Feuillade | extinct 1725 | |
| Duke of Valentinois | 1716 | Goyon de Matignon, Grimaldi | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Nevers | 1720 | Mazarini-Mancini | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Biron | 1723 | Gontaut de Biron | abolished 1793 | |
| Duke of Lévis | 1723 | Lévis | extinct 1734 | |
| Duke of La Vallière | 1723 | La Baume Le Blanc | extinct 1780 | |
| Duke of Mercœur | 1723 | Bourbon-Conti (Royal family) | sold 1770 | |
| Duke of Châtillon | 1736 | Châtillon | extinct 1762 | |
| Duke of Fleury | 1736 | Rosset | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Gisors | 1748 | Fouquet | extinct 1761 | |
| Duke of Duras | 1756 | Durfort | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Stainville | 1758 | Choiseul | extinct 1785 | |
| Duke of La Vauguyon | 1758 | Quélen de Stuer de Caussade | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Praslin | 1762 | Choiseul | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Choiseul d'Amboise | 1764 | Choiseul | extinct 1785 | |
| Duchesse de Pompadour | Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour, mistress of King Louis XVI | |||
| Duke of Anjou | 1771 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Louis, brother of King Louis XVI |
| Duke of Angoulême | 1773 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Charles, brother of King Louis XVI |
| Duke of Auvergne | 1773 | Royal family | exchanged 1778 | for Charles, brother of King Louis XVI |
| Duke of Mercœur | 1773 | Royal family | exchanged 1778 | for Charles, brother of King Louis XVI |
| Duke of Alençon | 1774 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Louis, brother of King Louis XVI |
| Reign of Louis XVI (10 May 1774 - 21 September 1792 + exec. 21 January 1793) | ||||
| Duke of Clermont-Tonnerre | 1775 | Clermont-Tonnerre | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Berry | 1776 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Charles, brother of King Louis XVI |
| Duke of Châteauroux | 1776 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Charles, brother of King Louis XVI |
| Duke of Aumale | 1776 | Bourbon | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Gisors | 1776 | Bourbon | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Brunoy | 1777 | Royal family | given away 1786 | for Louis, brother of King Louis XVI |
| Duchesse de Louvois | 1777 | Royal family | abolished 1790 | for Marie-Adélaïde and Sophie, daughters of King Louis XV (held jointly) |
| Duke of Aubigny | 1777 | Stuart, Lennox, Gordon | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Amboise | 1787 | Bourbon | abolished 1790 | |
| Duke of Choiseul | 1787 | Choiseul-Beaupré | abolished 1790 | |
| Duché de Coigny | 1787 | Franquetot | abolished 1790 | the last peerage created before the Revolution |
A marquess is a nobleman of high hereditary rank who reigns in his own right over a realm known as a "march"; in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German language equivalent is Markgraf (Margrave). A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife of a marquess is a marchioness or marquise. These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan.
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranked below princes of nobility and grand dukes. The title comes from French duc, itself from the Latin dux, 'leader', a term used in republican Rome to refer to a military commander without an official rank, and later coming to mean the leading military commander of a province. In most countries, the word duchess is the female equivalent.
A viscount or viscountess is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status.
The Dukedom of Lancaster is an extinct English peerage. It was created three times during the Middle Ages but finally merged in the Crown when Henry V succeeded to the throne in 1413. Despite the extinction of the dukedom the title has continued to be used to refer to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom in relation to Lancashire and the Duchy of Lancaster, an estate held separately from the Crown Estate for the benefit of the sovereign.
The Peerage of France was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 in the Middle Ages, and only a small number of noble individuals were peers. It was abolished in 1789 during the French Revolution, but it reappeared in 1814 at the time of the Bourbon Restoration which followed the fall of the First French Empire, when the Chamber of Peers was given a constitutional function somewhat along British lines, which lasted until the Revolution of 1848. On 10 October 1831, by a vote of 324 against 26 of the Chamber of Deputies, hereditary peerages were abolished, but peerages for the life of the holder continued to exist until the chamber and rank were definitively abolished in 1848.
The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain.
The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain between the Acts of Union 1707 and the Acts of Union 1800. It replaced the Peerage of England and the Peerage of Scotland, but was itself replaced by the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801.
Duke of Richmond is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created four times in British history. It has been held by members of the royal Tudor and Stuart families.
The Dukedom of Albemarle has been created twice in the Peerage of England, each time ending in extinction. Additionally, the title was created a third time by James II in exile and a fourth time by his son the Old Pretender, in the Jacobite Peerage. The name Albemarle is derived from the Latinised form of the French county of Aumale in Normandy, other forms being Aubemarle and Aumerle. It arose in connection with the ancient Norman Counts of Aumale of Aumale in Normandy. See also Earl of Albemarle.
Baron Lucas is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England. The second creation is extant and is currently held with the title Lord Dingwall in the Peerage of Scotland.
Earl of Lonsdale is a title that has been created twice in British history, firstly in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1784, and then in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1807, both times for members of the Lowther family.
Viscount Massereene is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1660, along with the subsidiary title of Baron Loughneagh. From 1665 to 1816 the Skeffington Baronetcy of Fisherwick was attached to the viscountcy and from 1756 to 1816 the Viscounts also held the title of Earl of Massereene. Since 1843 the peerages are united with titles of Viscount Ferrard, of Oriel and Baron Oriel, both in the Peerage of Ireland, and Baron Oriel, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The Viscount also holds the subsidiary titles of Baron Loughneagh (1660) and Baron Oriel (1790) in the Peerage of Ireland and Baron Oriel (1821) in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. As Baron Oriel, he sat in the House of Lords until 1999.
Viscount Knollys, of Caversham in the County of Oxford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1911 for the court official Francis Knollys, 1st Baron Knollys, Private Secretary to the Sovereign from 1901 to 1913. He had been previously created Baron Knollys, of Caversham in the County of Oxford, on 21 July 1902. His son, the second Viscount, served as Governor of Bermuda. As of 2012 the titles are held by the latter's son, the third Viscount, who succeeded in 1966. The third Viscountess Knollys is a sister of Baron Farnham: she served as Vice Lord-Lieutenant of Norfolk.
The County of Aumale, later elevated to a duchy, was a medieval fief in Normandy. It was disputed between England and France during parts of the Hundred Years' War.
The title of Earl of Torrington was created twice in the Peerage of England. The first creation was in 1660 as a subsidiary title of the Duke of Albemarle. Following the extinction of this title in 1688, the title was created anew in 1689, but became extinct upon the death of the first earl in 1716.
Earl of Seaforth was a title in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland. It was held by the family of Mackenzie from 1623 to 1716, and again from 1771 to 1781.
There have been two creations of the title Baron Raby, both in the Peerage of England. The first was in 1640, as a subsidiary title of the Earl of Strafford. The first earl was attainted and his peerages declared forfeit in 1641, but heir obtained a reversal in 1662. On his death, all his peerages became extinct save the Barony of Raby, which continued until the death of the fifth baron in 1799. Confusingly, the third baron was again created Earl of Strafford in 1711, and the earldom and barony remained merged until their mutual extinction.
In inheritance, a hereditary successor is a person who inherits an indivisible title or office after the death of the previous title holder. The hereditary line of succession may be limited to heirs of the body, or may pass also to collateral lines, in case of extinction of heirs of the body, depending on the succession rules. These concepts are in use in English inheritance law.
A peerage is a legal system historically comprising various hereditary titles in a number of countries, and composed of assorted noble ranks.