List of aircraft carrier operations during World War II

Last updated

Naval historians such as Evan Mawdsley, Richard Overy, and Craig Symonds concluded that World War II's decisive victories on land could not have been won without decisive victories at sea. [1] [2] [3] Naval battles to keep shipping lanes open for combatant's movement of troops, guns, ammunition, tanks, warships, aircraft, raw materials, and food largely determined the outcome of land battles. Without the Allied victory in keeping shipping lanes open during the Battle of the Atlantic, Britain could not have fed her people or withstood Axis offensives in Europe and North Africa. [4] Without Britain's survival and without Allied shipments of food and industrial equipment to the Soviet Union, [lower-alpha 1] her military and economic power would likely not have rebounded in time for Russian soldiers to prevail at Stalingrad and Kursk. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

Contents

Without victories at sea in the Pacific theater, the Allies could not have mounted amphibious assaults on or maintained land forces on Guadalcanal, New Guinea, Saipan, The Philippines, Iwo Jima, or Okinawa. Allied operations in the Atlantic and Pacific war theaters were interconnected because they frequently competed for scarce naval resources for everything from aircraft carriers to transports and landing craft. [10] Effective transport of troops and military supplies between the two war theaters required naval protection for shipping routes around the Cape of Good Hope, through the Suez canal, and through the Panama Canal. In both theaters, maritime dominance enabled combatants to use the sea for their own purposes and deprive its use by adversaries. As naval historian Admiral Herbert Richmond stated, "Sea power did not win the war itself: it enabled the war to be won". [11]

Aircraft carriers played a major role in winning decisive naval battles, [12] supporting key amphibious landings, and keeping critical merchant shipping lanes open for transporting military personnel and their equipment to land battle zones. This article is part of a series that covers World War II from the vantage point of aircraft carrier operations and is focused upon names and dates for operations involving aircraft carriers.

List of named operations involving aircraft carriers

This a chronological list of named operations involving aircraft carriers combining USN, RN, and IJN operations for Atlantic and Pacific theaters. Dates are for carrier involvement, not necessarily the dates for the entire operation.

Named World War II military operations involving aircraft carriers
NameNavyActionBeginEndTask ForceCarriers
1940
HurryRNDeliver Aircraft to Malta31 July 19404 August 1940Force HArgus, Ark Royal
HatRNReinforce Eastern Mediterranean Fleet; Deliver Supplies to Malta30 August 19405 September 1940Force H & Force FArk Royal, Illustrious
CoatRNDeliver Aircraft to MaltaNovember 1940November 1940Force H Argus, Ark Royal, Illustrious
FUIJN Invasion of French Indochina 22 September 194026 September 1940CarDiv2 Soryu , Hiryu
JudgmentRN Raid on Taranto, Italy11 November 194012 November 1940Force HIllustrious
1941
ExpressRNConvoys to Malta, Greece, & Egypt10 January 194111 January 1941Force AIllustrious
GrogRNRaids on Genoa and La Spezia, Italy9 February 19419 February 1941Force HArk Royal
11 "Club Runs"RNDeliver Aircraft to MaltaApril 1941October 1941Force HArk Royal, Furious, Victorious
EFRN Raid on Kirkenes, Norway and Petsamo, Finland 30 July 194130 July 1941Victorious, Furious
Halberd RNEscort Convoy to Malta27 September 194127 September 1941Force HArk Royal
PerpetualRNDeliver Aircraft to Malta11 October 194112 October 1941Force HArgus, Ark Royal (sunk)
AIIJN Raid on Pearl Harbor 7 December 19417 December 1941Kido ButaiAkagi, Kaga, Sōryū, Hiryū, Shōkaku, Zuikaku
MIJN Invasion of the Philippines 8 December 194120 December 1941Ryūjō
1942
RIJN Invasion of Rabaul and Kavieng 4 January 1942February 1942Akagi, Kaga, Shōkaku, Zuikaku
HIJN Invasion of Ambon and Timor 30 January 19423 February 1942CarDiv2Soryu, Hiryu
14 "Club Runs"RNDeliver Aircraft to MaltaFebruary 1942October 1942Force HHMS Eagle, HMSArgus, HMS Furious, USS Wasp
RevengeUSNRaids on Kwajalein, Wotje, and Maloelap, Marshall Islands1 February 1942February 1942TF-8Enterprise, Yorktown
JIJN Invasion of Java, NEI) 14 February 194227 February 1942Ryūjō
L, TIJN Invasion of Sumatra, NEI) 14 February 194228 March 1942Ryūjō
Revenge 3USNRaid on Lae & Salamaua10 March 194210 March 1942TF-11Lexington, Yorktown
DIJN Invasion of the Andaman Islands 23 March 194223 March 1942CarDiv4Ryūjō
CIJN Indian Ocean raid 31 March 194210 April 1942Kido ButaiAkagi, Sōryū, Hiryū, Shōkaku, Zuikaku
Mo IJN Planned Invasion of Port Moresby, New Guinea 4 April 19428 April 1942?Shōkaku, Zuikaku, Shōhō
Shangri-laUSN Doolittle Raid on Tokyo 18 April 194218 April 1942TF-18,16Hornet, Enterprise
CalendarRNDeliver Aircraft to Malta20 April 194220 April 1942Force WUSS Wasp
BoweryRNDeliver Aircraft to Malta9 May 19429 May 1942Force WUSS Wasp, HMS Eagle
ALIJNInvasion of Aleutian Islands3 June 194215 August 1943Ryūjō , Jun'yō
MIIJN Battle of Midway 4 June 19427 June 1942Kido ButaiAkagi, Kaga, Sōryū, Hiryū
Pedestal RNConvoy from Gibraltar to Malta3 August 194215 August 1942Force F?Victorious, Eagle (sunk), Indomitable
WatchtowerUSN Invasion of Guadalcanal 7 August 19429 February 1943TF-11, 16, 18Saratoga, Enterprise, Wasp
KaIJN Battle of the Eastern Solomons 24 August 194225 August 1942Shōkaku, Zuikaku, Ryūjō
?IJN Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 25 October 194227 October 1942?Shōkaku, Zuikaku, Zuihō (also ? Junyo, Hiyo )
Torch USN/RNInvasion of French North Africa8 November 194216 November 1942TF-38, ?9 carriers [MORE HERE]
1943
Ke IJNEvacuation of Guadalcanal14 January 19437 February 1943Zuikaku, Zuihō. Junyo
I-Go IJNRaids Against Allied Advances in Solomons & New Guinea1 April 194319 April 1943CarDiv 1, 2Zuikaku, Zuihō, Junyo, Hiyo
ToenailsUSN Invasion of New Georgia 26 June 194325 August 1943TG-36.3USS Saratoga, HMS Victorious
HuskyRN/USNInvasion of Sicily9 July 194316 July 1943AlliedHMS Indomitable
CherryblossemUSN Invasion of Bougainville 21 October 194311 November 1943TF-38Saratoga
GalvanicUSN Invasion of Tarawa & Makin, Gilbert Islands 18 November 194323 November 1943TG-50.45 CVE
1944
FlintlockUSN Invasion of Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands 27 January 19442 February 1944TF-5812 carriers
CatchpoleUSN Invasion of Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands 13 February 194428 February 1944TF-5812 carriers?
Hailstone USNRaid on Truk, Caroline Islands17 February 194418 February 1944TF-585 CV, 4 CVL
Desecrate 1 USNRaids on Palau Islands30 March 194431 March 1944TF-587 CV, 5 CVL
Tungsten RN Raid on battleship Tirpitz at Kaafjord, Norway 3 April 19443 April 1944Force 1, 2Victorious, Furious, 4 CVE (Emperor, Pursuer, Searcher, Fencer)
Cockpit RNRaid on Sabang, Sumatra, Netherlands East Indies19 April 194419 April 1944BEF/70HMS Illustrious, USS Saratoga
Reckless USA Invasion of Hollandia, New Guinea 22 April 194426 April 1944TF-58Enterprise, 8 CVE
Persecution USA Invasion of Aitape, New Guinea 22 April 19444 May 1944TF-58Enterprise
Ridge AbleRNRaid on German Shipping off Norway26 April 194426 April 1944CVE Emperor
CroquetRNRaid on German Shipping off Norway6 May 19446 May 1944Furious, CVE Searcher
HoopsRNRaid on German Shipping off Norway8 May 19448 May 19443 CVE (Searcher, Striker, Emperor
Transom RNRaid on Surabaya, Java17 May 194417 May 1944BEF/70HMS Illustrious?, USS Saratoga
WanderersRNDiversion to keep U-boats away from NormandyJune 1944June 19442 CVE (Fencer, Striker)
NeptuneRNPrevent U-boat activity at NormandyJune 1944June 19443 CVE (Emperor, Tracker, Pursuer)
Anvil/DragoonUSNInvasion of Southern France15 August 194414 September 1944TF-889 CVE (6 UK, 2 US?)
Outing IRNRaids on Axis Shipping in the Aegean9 September 19449 September 19444 UK CVE?
Stalemate IIUSN Invasion of Peleliu, Paulus Islands 15 September 194427 November 1944TF-38, 323 CV, 5 CVL,11 CVE
LycidasRNMinelaying off Norway15 October 194415 October 19442 CVE (Fencer, Trumpeter)
??Forager USN Invasion of Palaus Islands June 1944November 1944?
??Forager USN Invasion of Mariana Islands June 1944
A-GoIJN Defense of the Mariana Islands 19 June 194420 June 19449 carriers
King IIUSN Invasion of Leyte, Philippines 17 October 194426 December 1944TF-388 CV, 8 CVL, 18 CVE
Sho-GoIJN Defense of Philippines 23 October 194426 October 1944
Love IIIUSN? Strikes on Luzon and Mindoro Landing25 November 1944 ? December 1944TF-38?
1945
MeridianRNRaid on Palembang, Sumatra24 January 194529 January 1945BPF/Force 63 Illustrious, Indefatigable, Indomitable, Victorious
Mike IUSNInvasion of Lingayen Gulf, Philippines9 January 1945 ?TF-38?
JamboreeUSNRaids on Tokyo16 February 194526 February 1945TF-5811 CV, 5 CVL,
DetachmentUSN Invasion of Iwo Jima, Vulcano Islands 19 February 194526 March 1945TF-58, 5012 CV, 5 CVL, 9 CVE
IcebergUSN Invasion of Okinawa 1 April 194522 June 1945
TeardropUSNAnti-sub US east coastApril 1945May 1945

Aircraft carriers at specific battles, invasions, and raids

Aircraft carriers were involved in many attacks and support activities in addition to the better known major carrier battles. The more complete list below includes battles, invasions, and raids and names the specific carriers involved. "Naval battle" refers to a naval engagement entirely on water, "invasion" refers to an operation involving amphibious landing of troops to occupy land areas, and "raid" refers to attacks without the intention to occupy the land areas involved. Also included in the list are some transport, convoy escort, and antisubmarine warfare operations.

[INVOLVEMENT OF ESCORT CARRIERS REPORTED BY Y'BLOOD HAS NOT YET BEEN COMPLETELY INCLUDED IN THE LIST BELOW]

1932

IJN Support for IJA Shanghai Incident (28 Jan – 3 March 1932) First IJN aerial combat IJN 3rd Fleet/1st Carrier Division (Nomura):

1937

IJN Support for IJA Battle of Shanghai (14–16 August 1937) IJN 3rd Fleet, 1st & 4th Carrier Divisions (3 carriers, 90 aircraft):

IJN Attack on USS Panay (12 December 1937) During "Rape of Nanking"

1938

IJN Support for IJA Invasion of Guangdong (12 Oct – 31 December 1938)

1939

IJN Support for IJA Operations against China (30 Jan – 19 February 1939)

1940

INJ Support for IJA Operations against China (27 Mar – 2 April 1940)

RN Escort for Convoy US-3 transporting Australian and New Zealand Troops to the UK (mid June 1940) •HMS Argus (CV-I49)

RN Battle of Calabria (9 July 1940)

RN Force C (Cunningham):

RN Delivery of Aircraft to Malta (31 July – 4 August 1940) Operation HURRY (a "Club Run")

RN Force H:

RN Delivery of Aircraft to Gold Coast (Aug – September 1940) • HMS Argus (CV-I49)

IJN Support for IJA invasion of French Indochina (22–26 September 1940) Operation FU

IJN 2nd Fleet, 2nd Carrier Division:

RN Search for Raiders including Kriegsmarine pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee in the Indian Ocean (Sept – December 1940)

RN Force I:

RN Delivery of Aircraft for Raid on Taranto (Nov 1940) Operation Coat (a "Club Run")

RN Force H:

RN Raid on Taranto, Italy (11–12 November 1940) Operation JUDGMENT

RN Force H (Cunningham)

RN Delivery of Aircraft to Malta (17 November 1940) Operation Operation White (a "Club Run")

RN Force H:

RN Battle of Cape Spartivento (27 November 1940)

RN Force H:

RN Delivery of Aircraft to Gibraltar (Dec 1940) • HMS Argus (CV-I49) aircraft transferred to HMS Ark Royal for delivery to Malta

RN Delivery of Aircraft to Gibraltar (mid-Dec 1940) rendezvoused with Convoy WS-5A • HMS Argus (CV-I49) attacked by Kriegsmarine Admiral Hipper (25 December 1940) • HMS Furious (CV, 47)

1941

Information for this section was obtained from online ship histories, principally from the following sources:

  1. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships [13]
  2. Royal and Dominion Navy Warships [14]
  3. Imperial Japanese Navy Page [15]
  4. Naval War In The Pacific 1941–1945 [16]
  5. World War II Database [17]

RN Convoys to Malta, Greece, and Egypt (10–11 January 1941) Operation EXPRESS

RN Force A:

RN Raid on Genoa and La Spezia, Italy (9 February 1941)

RN Force H:

IJN Support for IJA Blockade of Southern China (Feb 1941)

IJN 2nd Fleet, 2nd Carrier Division:

RN Battle of Cape Matapan (27–29 March 1941)

RN Force H- Mediterranean Fleet (Cunningham): • HMS Formidable (CV/67)

RN Eleven Deliveries of Aircraft, Troops, and Supplies to Malta (Apr – October 1941) Operations WINCH, DUNLOP, SPLICE, ROCKET, TRACER, RAILWAY I & II, STATUS I & II, CALLBOY, and SUBSTANCE ("Club Runs")

RN Force H:

USN Atlantic Patrols and Convoy Escort (Apr – December 1941)

RN Convoy escort to/from Gibraltar (Sept – December 1941) Convoys OG74, HG74, OG76, HG76

RN:

RN Convoy to Malta (27 September 1941) Operation HALBERD

RN Force H:

IJN Transport Fighter Aircraft to Formosa and Palau ( Oct – December 1941)

RN Delivery of Aircraft to Malta (11–12 Nov) Operation PERPETUAL

RN Force H:

IJN Raid on Pearl Harbor (Dec 7 1941) Operation AI

IJN 1st Air Fleet/Kido Butai/Carrier Divisions 1, 2, and 5 (Nagumo):

IJN Main Body/3rd Carrier Division (distant cover):

Note: At the time of the attack, only three of the seven USN fleet carriers were in the Pacific theater. USS Saratoga was near San Diego CA following refitting at Bremerton WA. USS Lexington was ferrying aircraft to Midway Island. USS Enterprise was 200 miles west of Hawaii, returning from Wake Island. [18]

IJN Protection for 1st Air Fleet Returning Home From Pearl Harbor Raid (Dec 8 1941) IJN Main Body/3rd Carrier Division (distant cover):

IJN Invasion of Wake Island (7–23 December 1941)

USN Relief of Wake Island (8 December 1941) Operation cancelled Dec 22 (or 23?) US Task Forces 11 (Brown) and 14:

IJN Invasion of Davao & Jolo, Mindanao, Philippines (8–20 December 1941) Operation M

USN convoy escort to Newfoundland (Dec 1942)

USN:

1942

Information for this section was obtained from online ship histories, principally from the following sources:

  1. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships [13]
  2. Royal and Dominion Navy Warships [14]
  3. Imperial Japanese Navy Page [15]
  4. Naval War In The Pacific 1941–1945 [16]
  5. World War II Database [17]

IJN Invasion of Malay Peninsula (Jan 1942)

IJN Invasion of Rabaul and Kavieng, Raids on Lae, Salamaua, Bulolo, and Madang (4 Jan – February 1942) Operation R

IJN 1st & 5th Carrier Divisions:

USN Patrols around Midway Island (Jan 1942)

US Task Force 14:

IJN Invasion of Ambon (30 Jan – 3 February 1942) Operation H

IJN Second Carrier Division (Takahashi):

RN 14 Deliveries of Aircraft, Troops, and Supplies to Malta (Feb – October 1942) Operations SPOTTER I & II, PICKET I & II, CALENDAR, BOWERY, LB, STYLE, SALIENT, PINPOINT, INSECT, BELLOWS, BARITONE, and TRAIN ("Club Runs")

RN Force H:

USN transport of aircraft and aircrews in Pacific (Feb 1942– September 1945)

USN:

IJN Transport of Aircraft to Philippines (Feb 1942)

USN Raid on Marshall and Gilbert Islands (1 February 1942) [USN Task Forces 8 (Halsey) and 17 (Fletcher): TF-8??? or 16???] USN Task Force 17 (Fletcher):

USN Task Force 16 (?) (Adm ?):

IJN Unsuccessful Pursuit of US Carriers after Raid on Marshall Islands (1 February 1942)

IJN Raid on Ships Evacuating Singapore (mid-Feb 1942)

IJN Invasion of Java (14–27 February 1942) Operation J

IJN Raid on Darwin, Australia (19 February 1942) IJN 1st Carrier Air Fleet (Nagumo), 1st and 2nd Carrier Divisions (4 carriers, 188 carrier-launched aircraft)

IJN Invasion of Christmas Island (Feb – 31 March 1942) IJN 1st Carrier Air Fleet (Nagumo):

USN Raids on Wake Island ( 23–24 February 1942) [or was this TF-8??] USN Task Force 16 (Halsey?):

USN Raids on Marcus Islands (3–4 March 1942) [or was this TF-8??] USN Task Force 16 (Halsey?):

IJN Raid on Tjilatjap (5 March 1942) IJN 1st Carrier Air Fleet (Nagumo), 1st and 2nd Carrier Divisions? (4 carriers, 180 carrier-launched aircraft)

IJN Unsuccessful Pursuit of US Carriers after Raid on Marcus Islands (6 March 1942)

USN Raids on Shipping at Lae and Salamaua (10 March 1942) US Task Forces 11 (Brown):

USN Task Force 17 (Fletcher):

IJN Patrols Around Japanese Homeland (11–16 March 1942) IJN Carrier Div 5

IJN Invasion of Burma and Andaman Islands (23 March 1942) Operation D

IJN CarDiv4:

IJN Indian Ocean Raid (31 Mar – 10 April 1942) Operation C

First Air Fleet, CarDiv 5, Striking Force, air attack force. IJN Kido Butai (5 carriers, 350 aircraft):

IJN Raids on Bay of Bengal Shipping (1 April 1942) IJN Malay Force:

IJN Raids on Indian Coast, Cocanada and Vizagapatam (6 April 1942)

IJN Raid on Columbo, Cylon (5 April 1942) Operation C

IJN Kido Butai (5 carriers, 350 aircraft):

RN Force A:

IJN Raid on Trincomalee, Cylon (9 April 1942)

IJN Kido Butai:

USN Raid on Rabaul? (11–12 April 1942) IJN:

USN Raid on Tokyo (18 April 1942) Doolittle Raid USN Task Force 16 (Mitcher): USN Task Group 16.1:

USN Task Group 16.2:

IJN Unsuccessful Pursuit Following Doolittle Raid (19 April 1942) IJN Carrier Divisions 1 and 2 and newly completed IJN Shoho:

RN Delivery of 48 Spitfire Fighters to Malta (20 April 1942) Operation CALENDAR (a "Club Run")

RN Force W:

USN Raid on Tulagi and Gavutu (4 May 1942) US Task Force 17 (Fletcher):

USN/IJN Battle of the Coral Sea (4–8 May 1942) IJN Operation MO USN Task Force 44 comprising TF-11 and TF-17?: USN Task Force 11 (Fitch):

USN Task Force 17 (Fletcher):

IJN Carrier Strike Force (Takagi):

IJN Main Body Support Force (Gato):

RN Deliver 61 Spitfire Fighters to Malta (9 May 1942) Operation BOWERY (a "Club Run")

RN Force W:

IJN Invasion of Aleutian Islands (3–7 June 1942) Alaska; IJN Operation AL IJN 2nd Carrier Strike Force, Carrier Division 4:

USN/IJN Battle of Midway (4–7 June 1942) IJN Operation MI USN Task Forces 16 (Spruance):

USN Task Forces 17 (Fletcher):

IJN First Fleet/Main Force (Yamamoto):

First Carrier Striking Force (Nagumo):

Second Fleet/Midway Invasion Force Main Body (Kondo):

USN air cover for Hawaii after battle of Midway (June 1942)

USN:

USN Resupply of Aircraft to Midway Island (22–29 June 1942) USN Task Force 11:

IJN Cover Transport of Aleutian Island Reinforcement and Patrol Against Counter Attack (28 June – 6 July 1942)

RN Convoy from Gibraltar to Malta (3–15 August 1942) Operation PEDISTAL

RN Force F (Syfret)

USN Invasion of Guadalcanal (7 August 1942) US Operation WATCHTOWER (aka "Operation Shoestring") USN Task Force 61 (Fletcher) USN Task Group 61.1 (Noyes) USN Task Unit 61.1.1 aka Task Force 11:

USN Task Unit 61.1.2 aka Task Force 16:

USN Task Unit 61.1.3 aka Task force 18:

USN support for Guadalcanal (20 August 1942)

USN:

USN/IJN Battle of the Eastern Solomons (23–25 August 1942) IJN Operation Ka US Task Forces 61 (Fletcher? Kinkaid?) Two carriers, 176 aircraft; TF-18 with USS Wasp (CV-7) had been sent to refuel:

IJN Main Body (Nagumo) Three carriers of CarDiv1, 177 aircraft

IJN Transport of Aircraft to Marshall Islands (27–29 August 1942)

? (Sept 1942)

IJN Transport of Aircraft and Convoy Escort to Truk and Outer Bases (Sept 1942 – February 1944) Note: Some of these carriers were involved in these activities on and off during the period.

IJN Carrier trials and pilot training (Oct 1942 – September 1945)

IJN:

RN escort for Russian Convoys, Loch Ewe to/from Kola Inlet (9–20 September 1942) Convoys PQ18 and QP14

RN:

USN aircraft transport to Bermuda (Oct 1942)

USN:

USN reinforcement of Guadalcanal's Henderson Field (7–11 October 1942) USN Task Force 63: USN Task Unit 63.8: USN Task Group 63.8.1:

USN raids on Buin (Papua, New Guinea) and Faisi Island (Solomons) (5 October 1942) USN Task Force 17:

USN/IJN Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands (25–27 October 1942) USN Task Forces 61, a combined TF-16 and TF-17: USN Task Force 16:

USN Task Force 17 (Kinkaid):

IJN Support Force/Third Fleet Striking Force aka kido butai including CarDiv1 (Nagumo):

IJN Support Force/Second Fleet Advanced Force including CarDiv2 (Kondo):

USN/RN Invasion of French North Africa (8–16 November 1942) Operation TORCH

USN Task Force 34 Western Naval Task Force (Hewitt) USN Task Group 34.8 Northern Attack Group-Mehedia/Port Lyatuey (Giffin): USN Air Group:

USN Task Group 34.9 Center Attack Group- Casablanca (Emmet) USN Air Group:

USN Task Group 34.10 Southern Attack Group- Safi (Davidson) USN Air Group:

RN Central Naval Task Force (Troubridge): Oran, Algeria; group shot down five Vichy D520 aircraft;

RN Eastern Task Force (Burrough): [Algiers, Algeria]

Allied Force ?: to be included above

Notes: Source http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Mediterranean/OOB_WWII_Casablanca.php

USN/IJN Naval Battle of Guadalcanal (12–15 November 1942) US Task Force 16 (Kinkaid)

USN Invasions of Solomon Islands (Nov 1942 – June 1943)

IJN Support for Reinforcement of Wewak (Dec 1942 – January 1943) IJN Operation MU

USN Carrier trials and pilot training (Jan 1942 – September 1945)

USN:

USN ? (Dec 1942 – January 1943)

Task Force 65 (Mason):

1943

Information for this section was obtained from online ship histories, principally from the following sources:

  1. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships [13]
  2. Royal and Dominion Navy Warships [14]
  3. Imperial Japanese Navy Page [15]
  4. Naval War In The Pacific 1941–1945 [16]
  5. World War II Database [17]

USN anti-submarine and anti-blockade running patrols in South Atlantic (Jan – 25 July 1943)

USN:

RN Escort Russian Convoys to/from Kola Inlet (Jan – February 1943) Convoy JW53

RN:

Battle of Rennell Island (29–30 January 1943) US Task Force 16 (Adm ?):

USN Task Force 18 (Griffin): Note: Detached and not engaged due to "overly cautious leadership"???

IJN Support for Evacuation of Guadalcanal (31 Jan – 9 February 1943) IJN Operation KE

IJN "Forward Force Air Force":

USN Task Force 50 Night Strike on Truk (10 February 1943)

USN Task Force 50: USN Task Group 50.9:

RN Convoy Escort from Jamaica (March 1943) Convoy CV1

RN:

RN Atlantic convoy escort (Mar – November 1943) Convoys ONS4, HX237, SC129, ON207, SC146, and HX265.

RN 7th Support Group:

IJN Raids against Allied Advances up the Solomons and New Guinea (1–19 April 1943) IJN Operation I-Go

IJN Carrier Division 1:

IJN Carrier Division 2:

RN Atlantic Convoy Escort to/from Gibraltar and West Africa (May – July 1943) Convoys OS49/KMS16, OS76, OS46/KMS16, KMS16G, and XK9.

RN:

USN invasion of Attu (11–30 May 1943) USN Operation LANDCRAB

Task Force 51: Task Group 51.1 – Support Group

IJN sortie to oppose US recapture of Attu (May 1943) Recalled without engaging.

IJN Raid on Milne Bay (14 May 1943) IJN Carrier Division 2:

USN Invasion of New Georgia (20 June – 7 October 1943) USN Operation TOENAILS

USN Task Force 36: USN Task Group 36.3:

RN/USN Invasion of Sicily (9–16 July 1943) Operation HUSKY

Allied Force (Cunningham):

USN Atlantic convoy escort (25 July – November 1943) Included air cover for USS Iowa carrying President Roosevelt to Casablanca Conference?

USN:

IJN Ferry Aircraft to Kwajalein, Kavieng, and Rabaul (July 1943)

IJN Ferry Aircraft to Singapore (Aug 1943)

RN Trials and training (Aug 1943 – September 1945)

RN:

USN Task Force 50 (Aug 1943) Raid on Rabaul USN Task Group 50.3

RN air cover for convoys en route to Salerno (6-6 August 1943)

RN Force V:

RN support for invasion of Salerno, Italy (8–16 August 1943) Operation Avalanche

RN Task Force 88 (Vain):

USN raid on Marcus Island (31 Aug – 2 September 1943) USN Task Force 15:

USN invasion of Baker and Howland Islands (Sept 1943) USN Task Force ?

USN raid on Tarawa and Makin Islands (18–19 September 1943) USN Task Force 50:

IJN ferry troops and equipment to reinforce Truk (Sept – October 1943)

RN Atlantic convoy escort (23 September 1943 – 25 March 1944)

RN:

RN Atlantic convoy escort of military convoy from Gibraltar to UK (30 Sept – 7 October 1943) Convoy MKF24

RN:

USN transport of aircraft and aircrews in Pacific (Oct 1943 – September 1945)

USN:

USN Raid on Wake Island (5–6 October 1943) USN Task Force 14:

IJN Sortie To Eniwetok In Response to USN Raids on Wake (17–26 October 1943) No engagements

IJN Combined Fleet (Koga):

IJN Ferry Aircraft to Reinforce Rabaul (30 Oct – 13 November 1943) Operation RO

IJN:

USN Atlantic anti-submarine patrols (mid Nov – 10 December 1943)

USN Task Group 21.11:

RN Indian Ocean Convoy Escort (Nov 1943 – January 1944) Convoys AB18, AB20, AB 24A, and AB27,

RN:

USN Raids on Rabaul (5 & 11 November 1943)

USN Task Force 38 (Sherman)

USN Task Group 50.3 (Montgomery)

Invasion of Makin Atoll (13–23 November 1943) Gilbert Islands US Task Forces ? and 52 (Turner):

[DIFFERENT CARRIERS- NEED TO RECONCILE; DID ALL CARRIERS STRIKE MAKIN?] USN Task Group 50.1 – Carrier Interceptor Force – Mili Landing

USN Task Group 50.2 – Northern Carrier Group – Makin Landing

USN Raids on Nauru Island (17–19 Nov & 8–12 December 1943) USN Task Group 50.4 – Relief Carrier Group – Nauru Landing

USN Task Group 50.4 – from 43/11/25 [DOUBLE COUNTED?]

USN Invasion of Tarawa Atoll (18–23 November 1943) Gilbert Islands; USN Operation GALVANIC USN Task Force 38 (Radford) [TF 38 or 50?] [DOUBLE COUNTING?]

USN Task Force 50 (Nov – December 1943) Invasion of Gilbert Islands; USN Operation "GALVANIC"

USN Task Group 50.2 – Northern Carrier Group – Makin Landing (Radford)

USN Task Group 50.3 -Southern Carrier Group – Tarawa Landing

USN Task Force 52: USN Task Group 52.3 – Air Support Group: USN CVE CarDiv24:

USN Task Group 52.13 CarDiv24- Northern Attack Force (created 23 Nov):

[DUPLICATION HERE]

USN Task Force 53: USN Task Group 53.6 – Carrier (Support) Group: USN Task Unit 53.6.1 CarDiv22:

USN Atlantic transport of aircraft to UK (22 Dec – 24 Jan)

USN:

USN Raid on Mili Atoll and Jaluit Atoll in the Marshall Islands (19–25 November 1943) USN Task Group 50.1 – Carrier Interceptor Force – Mili Landing

USN Invasion of Abemama Atoll in the Gilbert Islands (21 November 1943) USN Task Group 50.4 – Relief Carrier Group – Nauru Landing

IJN Convoys to Truk and Singapore (Nov 1943) IJN ?

IJN ?

Raids on Kwajalein Atoll and Wotje Atoll in the Marshall Islands (4 & 8–9 December 1943)

USN Task Group 50.1 – Carrier Interceptor Force – Mili Landing

USN Task Group 50.2 – Northern Carrier Group – Makin Landing

USN Task Group 50.3 -Southern Carrier Group – Tarawa Landing

1944

Information for this section was obtained from online ship histories, principally from the following sources:

  1. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships [13]
  2. Royal and Dominion Navy Warships [14]
  3. Imperial Japanese Navy Page [15]
  4. Naval War In The Pacific 1941–1945 [16]
  5. World War II Database [17]

USN aircraft and aircrew transport from US West Coast to Pacific areas (1944–1945)

USN:

RN Anti-submarine patrols in Indian Ocean (Jan – March 1944) Operation COVERED; group sank German Supply ship Brake.

RN Force 67, CS4:

RN Convoy Escort in Southwest Approaches (Jan – June 1944) Convoys OS68, ONS29, SL150, MKS41, and SC156.

RN 7th and 9th Escort Groups:

USN Raids on Kavieng, New Ireland (1–4 January 1944): USN Task Force 37: USN Task Group 37.2:

RN Convoy escort in North Atlantic (31 Jan – 4 July 1944) Convoys OS66/KMS70, ON222 and ONS28 (distant cover), SL147/MKS38, HX225, CU13, OS69/KMS43, MKF29, OS72/KMS46, SL154/MKS45, SL157/MKS48 and SL158/MKS49, KMF32, and KMF34

RN Western Approaches Command:

USN Invasion of Kwajalein and Roi-Namur in the Marshall Islands (29 Jan-3 February 1944) Operation FLINTLOCK USN Task Force 58 (Spruance/Mitscher) USN Task Group 58.1 – Roi-Namur Landing USN Task Unit 58.1.5 – Carrier Unit:

USN Task Group 58.2 – Maloelap Landing:

USN Task Group 58.3 – Eniwetok Landing [ENIWETOK? NOT KWAJALEIN??]:

USN Task Group 58.4 – Wotje Landing:

USN Task Force 51 (Jan – February 1944) 11 CVEs? USN Task Group 51.2 – Ma juro Attack Group

USN Task Group 52.9 – Southern Carrier Group: USN Task Unit 52.9.1 – CarDiv24:

Task Force 53 – Northern Attack Force (Roi-Namur): Task Group 53.6 – Northern Carrier Group: CarDiv22:

Task Force 53 – Southern Attack Force, Operation SEVEDORE (Guam 21 July) Task Group 53.7 – Carrier Support Group CarDiv22:

Task Unit 53.7.1 From 21 June: CarDiv24:

USN Invasion of Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands (Jan – February 1944) USN Operation CATCHPOLE USN Task Force 51: USN Task Group 51.17 – Fire Support Group 3 CVE

RN Convoy escort to/from West Africa and Gibraltar (29 Jan – 9 March 1944) Convoys SL147/KMS38, ON222, ONS28, OS69/KMS43, and MKF29; attacked by IGEL Group of U-Boats; escort group "operating independently" sank U-592, U-762, U-238 and U-734;

RN 2nd British Escort Group:

USN Atlantic to Pacific transport of aircraft and personnel (Feb – March 1944)

USN:

USN Marshalls and Gilberts Escort and Patrol Force (Feb–Sept 1944)

USN Task Force 96 (Harrill): USN Task Group 96.? Hunter-Killer Group June–Aug 1945

USN Raid on Truk (17–18 February 1944) Caroline Islands; Operation HAILSTONE Note: The raid destroyed 18 aircraft delivered by CVE IJN Kaiyo just 8 days before. US Task Force 58 (Spruance/Mitscher) [5 CV & 4 CVL per wiki- OK USN Task Force 58: USN Task Group 58.1:

USN Task Group 58.2:

USN Task Group 58.3:

USN Raid on Jaluit Atoll (20 February 1944) Marshall Islands

USN Raid on Marianas Islands (25? February 1944)

RN antisubmarine operations with 6th Canadian Escort group in NW Approaches. (9–28 March 1944) problems with estreme weather, contamination of aircraft fuel, and malfunctioning depth charges.

RN:

USN Raid on Palau Islands (30–31 March 1944) Operation DESECRATE 1 USN Task Group 58:

USN Resupply TF-58 at Majuro in the Marshall Islands and Tulagi in the Solomons (15 Mar – 7 April 1944) USN Task Force 50: USN Task Group 50.15- Fast Carrier Supply Group USN CarDiv22:

IJN Ferry Aircraft to Singapore (Mar 1944)

USN Raid on Mili Atoll in the Marshall Islands (18 March 1944) USN Task Force 50 USN Task Group 50.10:

IJN Ferry Aircraft to Saipan, Guam, and Palau (Mar 1944)

USN Invasion of Emirau Island, New Guinea (20 March 1944) Operation CARTWHEEL

USN Task Force? (Giffin?)

USN Invasion at Hollandia (Mar–Apr 1944) Operation RECKLESS

USN Fifth Fleet (Spruance):

USN Task Group 78.1 (Ragsdale) CarDiv22:

USN Task Group 78.2 (Davison) CarDiv24:

USN Invasion of Emirau Island, New Guinea (20–27 March 1944)

USN Task Force 36: USN Task Group 36.1

USN Task Group 36.3

From 2 Apr

USN Raid on Palau Island (28–29 March 1944) USN Operation DESECRATE I

USN Task Force 58: USN Task Group 58.1

USN Task Group 58.2

Cabot (CV-28) CVG-31 USN Task Group 58.3

USN Task Group 50.10:

USN Task Group 58.5

USN Task Group 58.9

RN Russian convoy escort to/from Murmansk (29 Mar – 14 April 1944) Operation FY; Convoy JW58 and RA58;

RN 2nd Escort Group:

USN Raid on Yap in Caroline Islands (31 March 1944)

USN Task Force 58:

USN Raid on Ulithi in Caroline Islands (31 March 1944)

USN Task Force 58:

USN Raid on Woleai in Caroline Islands (1 April 1944) USN Task Force 58:

USN Hunter Killer Groups Patrol Seaway from Pearl Harbor to Midway (Mar – May 1944)

USN Task Group 11.1:

USN Task Group 11.2:

IJN Transportation and Convoy Escort to Formosa, Indochina, and Singapore (Apr – June 1944)

USA Invasion at Hollandia (13 Apr – 14 May 1944) US Operations RECKLESS and PERSECUTION

RN Raids on Sabang (19 April 1944) Sumatra, Indonesia, Operation COCKPIT

Eastern Fleet:

USA Invasion at Hollandia, Netherlands New Guinea (13 Apr – 14 May 1944) US Operations RECKLESS and PERSECUTION USN Task Force 58: USN Task Group 58.1:

USN Task Group 58.2:

USN Task Group 58.3:

RN Russian convoy escort to/from Kola Inlet (19 Apr – 4 May 1944) Operation FZ; Convoys ?, RA59; brought Russian naval personnel from Murmansk to man ships being transferred to Russia.

RN:

RN anti-submarine operations in Northwest Approaches with 5th Escort Group (27 Apr – 12 May 1944) experienced extreme weather, petrol contamination, and crash landings.

RN:

USN Raid on Truk in the Caroline Islands (29–30 April 1944)

USN Task Force 58: USN Task Group 58.3:

USN Raid on Paulus Islands (29–30 April 1944)

USN Task Force 58: USN Task Group 58.2:

USN Task Group 58.3:

USN

58.1 strike Wakde & Sawar Invasion Battle of Wakde 18–21 May 1944 US Operation STRAIGHT LINE 58.2 strike Wakde, Hollandia Battle of Hollandia Operation RECKLESS 58.3 strike Hollandia, support Tanahmerah Bay Landing 44/04/29 strike Truk 44/04/30 strike Palaus

USN Raid on Pohnpei in the Caroline Islands (1 May 1944) USN Task Force 58: USN Task Group 58.1:

RN Convoy escort defense in Mediterranean Sea Convoys OS177/KMS51

RN:

RN Anti-Submarine Patrols in the Indian Ocean (17 May – 27 November 1944)

RN Task Force 66:

USN Transport to Marshall and Mariana Islands (May – August 1944) USN Operation "FORAGER"

USN Task Force 51 USN Task Group 51.18: USN Task Unit 51.18.10:

USN Task Unit 51.18.11

USN Task Group 52.11- Carrier Support Group 2 USN Task Unit 52.11.1 CarDiv26:

USN Task Unit 52.11.2 CarDiv24:

USN Task Group 52.14 – Carrier Support Group 1: USN Task Unit 52.14.1 CarDiv25:

USN Task Unit 52.14.2:

USN Task Force 57: USN Task Group 57.4: USN Task Unit 57.4.11 [AND/OR 57.19.7; SEE BELOW]

USN Task Group 57.5: USN Task Unit 57.5.5:

USN Task Group 57.19: USN Task Unit 57.19.7:

RN Anti-submarine sweeps of Indian Ocean (May–Oct 1944) U-198 sunk by HM Frigate FINDHORN was the only U-Boat sinking by the Eastern Fleet Hunting Groups.

RN Force 66:

RN Raid on German Shipping Off Norway (6 May 1944) Operation CROQUET

RN:

RN Raid in German Convoy and Shore Targets at Kristiansund, Norway (8 May 1944) Operation HOOPS

RN:

Raid on Soerabaja in Java, Indonesia (17 May 1944) Operation TRANSOM Eastern Fleet:

USN Raid on Marcus Island (19–20 May 1944) USN Task Force 58: USN Task Group 58.6 (15–31 May 1944):

USN Raid on Wake Island (23 May 1944)

USN Hunter Killer Group Patrols (May – June 1944) USN Task Group 30.4:

IJN Transportation of Aircraft and Convoy Escort to Philippines (May – August 1944)

USN Transportation to Marshall and Mariana Islands (May – August 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 51: USN Task Group 51.18: USN Task Unit 51.18.10:

TU 51.18.11

RN Prevention of U-boat activity around Normandy during D-Day Landings (June 1944) Operation NEPTUNE part of Operation OVERLORD

RN at Southwest Approaches, 150 mi west of Lands End: RCN 1st, 3rd, 4th 6th and 9th (Canadian) Support Groups

[Vindex and Activity were NOT there as reported elsewhere. Only 3 CVEs were there per Mawdsley p. 424]

[?1. Eastern Task Force 2. Western Task Force?]

RN Indian Ocean convoy escort (June – July 1944) Convoys CM33 and KR11.

RN:

RN Atlantic Convoy Protection to/from Gibraltar (June – August 1944) Convoys OS79, MKS53, SL160 MKS51, OS82, KMS56, SL163, MKS54, SL163, MKS54, OS85, KMS59, SL166 and MKS57.

RN:

RN Atlantic convoy escort (2 June – August 1944) Convoys OS78/KMS52, SL159/MKS50, SL162/MKS53, KMF33, MKF33, OS86/KMS60, SL167,

RN:

RN Simulated attack on Sabang, Sumatra as diversion for USN attacks on the Mariana Islands (11–13 June 1944) Operation COUNCILLOR

RN:

USN Support for Invasion of Marianas (June – August 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER

USN Task Force 58:

USN Task Force 50: USN Task Group 50.?:

USN Task Group 50.17 – Fueling & Aircraft Replacement Group; Refueled TF-58 and TF-53:

USN Raid on Saipan in the Mariana Islands (11–14 June 1944)

US Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance):

USN Raid on Rota in the Mariana Islands (11–14 June 1944)

USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance):

USN Raid on Guam in the Mariana Islands (11–14 June 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER

US Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5:

USN Task Group 58.2:

USN Raids on IJN Convoys Trying to Reinforce Mariana Islands (11–13 June 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER US Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.4

USN Raid on Chichijima (14 June 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER US Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5:

USN Task Group 58.4

USN Raid on Iwo Jima (15–16 June 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER US Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5:

USN Task Group 58.4

USN Invasion of Saipan in the Marina Islands (15 June – 9 July 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5:

USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5 From 30 June:

USN Task Group 58.2:

USN Task Group 58.3:

USN Task Group 58.4

USN Task Group 52.11

USN Task Group 52.14

USN Task Force 53.7

USN/IJN Battle of the Philippine Sea (19–20 June 1944) USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): 24 aircraft carriers, 1,350 carrier-based aircraft with 29 aircraft lost: USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5:

USN Task Group 58.2:

USN Task Group 58.3:

USN Task Group 58.4

[* 15 US carriers PER WIKI, NOT RECONCILED] [* 7 US battleships?] IJN Third Fleet (Ozawa) Operation A-GO 429 aircraft lost IJN "Mobile Fleet", Carrier Division 1:

IJN "Van Force"

IJN "Force B"

RN Diversional Raid on Norwegian Coast (20 June 1944) Operation WANDERERS

RN:

Raid on Pagan Island in the Northern Mariana Islands (22–23 June 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5:

USN Raid on Iwo Jima and Cicijima Island (24 June 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5:

USN Raid on Pagan Island, Guam and Rota Island (28 June – 6 July 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.4

RN anti-submarine operations in Northwest Approaches with 5th Escort Group (1–15 July 1944) experienced petrol contamination

RN:

USN Raid on Iwo Jima, Cicijima Island and Hahajima Island (3 July 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5:

USN Task Group 58.2:

USN Raid on Rota Island (4 July 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.4

USN Raid on Guam and Rota Island (6 July 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5:

USN Task Group 58.2:

USN Raids on Guam (7–17 July 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5:

USN Invasion of Guam (21 July – 10 August 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5 From 30 June:

USN Task Group 58.4

USN Raids on Palau, Tinian Yap, Ulithi, and Fais Island (25–29 July 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5 From 30 June:

USN Task Group 58.2:

USN Task Group 58.3:

USN Task Group 58.4

USN Raids on Guam (29 July – 5 August 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.4

USN Raid on Cicijima Island (4–5 August 1944) Part of USN Operation FORAGER USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1 CarDiv5 From 30 June:

USN Task Group 58.2:

IJN Transportation of Aircraft to Philippines (July 1944) Note: Convoy (HI-69) attacked by USN submarines.

USN Hunter/Killer CVE Patrolling Area Around Guam (July – August 1944) Hunter/Killer Group "Forager" Task Force 12.4:

RN air attacks on airfield at Gossen, Norway and on shipping (9–10 August 1944) Operation OFFSPRING

RN:

Anti-submarine patrols in Indian Ocean (Aug – November 1944)

RN:

RN/USN Invasion of Southern France (15 Aug – 15 September 1944) Operation ANVIL/DRAGOON

USN Task Force 88 (Troubridge): USN Task Group 88.1 provided fighter protection, spotting aircraft and close support during landings:

USN Task Group 88.?

RN Escort for Russian convoy JW69 RA59 to Kola Inlet (17 Aug – 5 September 1944) Group sank U-344; problem with depth charges failing to explode.

RN Force 31:

RN raids against Kaafjord, Norway to hit battleship Tirpitz (20–22 August 1944) Operation GOODWOOD

RN:

IJN Transportation of Aircraft to Singapore (Aug – November 1944) Convoys include HI-69, HI-70, HI-75, HI-76, and HI-18

USN Raid on Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands and Chichijima in the Bonin Islands (31 Aug-2 September 1944) USN Task Force 38/3rd Fleet? (Halsey/McCain?): USN Task Group 38.4:

all of these?

RN Aircraft transport to Far East (Sept 1944 – August 1945) Convoys MKS36 and KM39;

RN:

USN Raid on Wake Island (3 September 1944) USN Task Force 38/3rd Fleet? (Halsey/McCain?): USN Task Force 12 USN Task Group 12.5:

USN Raid on Yap (6–8 September 1944) USN Task Force 38/3rd Fleet? (Halsey/McCain?):

USN Raid on Ulithi (6–8 September 1944) USN Task Force 38/3rd Fleet? (Halsey/McCain?):

USN Raid on Palau Islands (6–8 September 1944) USN Task Force 38/3rd Fleet? (Halsey/McCain?): USN Task Groups 38.2 and 38.4?

more? see fleet orgs

USN Raid on Mindanao Island (9 September 1944) USN Task Force 38/3rd Fleet? (Halsey/McCain?): USN Task Group 38.3:

more?

RN Raids on Axis shipping and Crete, Scarpanto, and Rhodes in the Aegean Sea (9 September 1944) Operation OUTING I

RN:

RN Convoy escort from Gibraltar (10–14 September 1944) Convoy KMF34

RN Western Approaches Command:

USN Raids on Japanese Shipping (10–20 September 1944) USN Task Force 38/3rd Fleet? (Halsey/McCain?):

RN minelaying and shipping attacks south of Volko Islands (11–12 September 1944) Operation BEGONIA

RN:

USN Raids on Central Philippines- strike Visajans, Cebu, Negros (12 September 1944)

[TO BE COMPLETED] USN Task Groups 38.1, 38.2, 38.3 ;carriers?

44/09/21-24 38.1, 38.2, 38.3 strike Luzon – Nichols Field, Clark Field, Manila Bay 38.1, 38.4 strike N Luzon

USN strikes on 44/09/15 38.1 strike Morotai 38.4 strike Peleliu

RN Russian Convoy Escort to/from Kola Inlet (17 Sept – 3 October 1944) Operation RIGMAROLE; Convoys JW60 & RA60

RN:

USN Transport (?) and Anti-Submarine Patrols (?) Between Ulithi and Eniwetok (Sept 1944 – April 1945) [need to check each carrier's history here] USN Task Force 12 (Sept 1944 – April 1945) USN Task Group 12.2 (Jan – February 1945):

USN Task Group 12.3 (Mar – April 1945):

USN Task Group 12.4:

USN Task Group 12.5:

RN Clearing Out the Aegean Area of the Mediterranean sea (Sept – November 1944) Operations OUTING I & II, MANNA, and CONTEMPT

RN British Aegean Fleet Force A:

USN Invasion of Peleliu and Angaur Islands (Sept 1944 – November 1944) USN Task Group 38.4 – Peleliu landing – direct support 16–17 Sept

USN Task Group 32.4:

USN Task Group 32.7 – Western Escort Carrier Group: Task Unit 32.7.1 CarDiv27:

USN Task Unit 32.7.2 CarDiv28:

USN Task Unit 32.7.3 CarDiv26:

USN Raid on Okinawa (10 or 12 October 1944) USN Task Force 38/3rd Fleet? (/Halsey)

USN Task Group 38.1, 38.3

RN Aerial minelaying and shipping strikes on Norwegian Coast (13–16 October 1944) Operation LYCIDAS

RN Force 9:

RN Escort for Russian Convoy JW61 (22–28 October 1944) Operation TRIAL No merchant ship losses.

RN:

RN Escort for Russian convoy JW RA61 and RA61 to/from Kola Inlet (23 Oct – 7 November 1944)

RN:

RN Aerial minelaying and airfield strikes on Norwegian Coast (23–24 October 1944) Operation HARDY

RN Force 2:

USN Raids on Buka Island, Bonis, and Rabaul (1–5 November 1943) USN Task Force 38:

USN Raid on Formosa (12? October 1944) US Task Force 38/3rd Fleet? (/Halsey)

38.1 strike S Formosa 38.2 38.3

USN Raid on Philippines (10 to? 20 October 1944) US Task Force 38/3rd Fleet? (/Halsey)

38.4 strike Aparri 38.2 + 38.3 Franklin damaged? 38.4 strike Legaspi and Clark Field, Luzon 38.1 + 38.4 strike Manila area:

[Layte not yet organized] [USN Task Group 30.3:] [CTF VAdm Mitscher, from 10/30 VAdm McCain] 19 Oct 8.1 + 38.4 proceed south to provide direct support for the landings at Leyte 38.1 – Cowpens+Cabot rejoined after covering retreat of "CripDiv1" – TU 30.3.1 21 Oct 38.2 strike Panay, Cebu, Negros, and Masbate 38.3 strike Visajans airfields – 200 miles NE of San Bernardino Straits 23 Oct Bunker Hill detached for overhaul 38.2 44/10/24 8 CV, 8 CVL, 6 BB, 15 CA(L), 58 DD 24 Oct x Sibuyan Sea 38.2, 38.3, 38.4 attacking Central Force 24 Oct 38.3 attacked by aircraft: Princeton disabled by dive bomber 38.4 off Leyte Gulf

USN/IJN Battle of Leyte Gulf and Invasion of the Philippines (20–26 October 1944) USN Operation King II; IJN Operation SHO-GO Note: First use of kamikazes and last battle between battleships. US Task Force 38/3rd Fleet (Halsey/McCain)

IJN Mobile Fleet, Third Fleet CarDiv 3- "decoy fleet" (Ozawa) (Battle off Cape Engaño 25–26 October 1944)

IJN Transport of Aviation Materials to Formosa (25 October 1944)

USN Task Force 30- Leyte Landing (Oct – November 1944) [25 Oct TG 30.3 "DuBose Grip" created; TU 30.3.1 – "Crippled Division 1" ]

USN Task Group 30.7- Hunter Killer Group:

USN Task Group 30.8- At Sea Logistics Group:

IJN Transport of Battleship Ammunition to Borneo and Suicide Subs and troops to the Philippines (30 Oct – 9 November 1944)

USN Raids on Philippines (Nov – December 1944) US Task Force 38/3rd Fleet (Halsey/McCain) 44/11/05 off Polilo – strike Luzon, Mindoro, Manila Bay, Lingayen Gulf 38.1 – Wasp II new FF – strike Santa Cruz 38.2 – strike Luzon, Wedderburn detached to Ulithi for repairs 38.3 100 miles E of Luzon (16-17N, 123-38E) – attacked by kami. – damaged Lexington (16-20N, 123-59E) 38.1+38.3 strike Manila Bay: 6 NOV strike Luzon, Mindoro, Manila Bay, Lingayen Gulf, 44/11/11 38.1, 38.3, 38.4 strike reinforcement convoy (Operation "TA-3") heading to Ormoc Bay: 44/11/13 38.1, 38.3, 38.4 strike central and southern Luzon – primary target = ships that would reinforce Leyte: 44/11/14 38.1, 38.4 strike Luzon 44/11/25 strike Luzon: 38.2+38.3 strike "TA-5" convoys: 38.2 – Intrepid damaged by kamikaze (15-47N, 123-14E), Independence by aircraft landing accident (15-47N, 124-14E) Intrepid sinking APA T-6, T-10, damaging T-9 and Take at Balanacan Harbor, Marinduque Island (13-25N, 121-55E) 38.3 -kami – damage Essex (15-47N, 123-14E) Ticondegaga sinking Kumano in Dasol Bay, Luzon (15-45N, 119-48E) Essex and Langley sinking Jasoshima (15-45N, 119-45E) and landing ships T-112, T-142, T-161 (15-40N,191-45E) SW of Santa Cruz, Luzon Essex and Langley sinking AK Mane; 13–16 Dec strikes on Luzan; 38.2 – Hornet II. sinking landing ship ;

RN Russian Convoy to/from Murmansk (2–17 November 1944) Operation GOLDEN; Return convoys RA61A;

RN:

USN At Leyte Gulf (10–23 November 1944) Operation KING II Task Force 77: Task Group 77.4:

RN Strikes on German shipping off ListerfJord, Norway (12 November 1944) Operation COUNTERBLAST

RN:

RN Strikes on German shipping at Trondheim and Titran, Norway (14 November 1944) Operation STEAK

RN:

RN Aerial minelaying at Kara Sound and Salhusstrommen, Norway (20 November 1944) Operation HARDFAST

RN Force 3:

RN Raids on German shipping between Mosjoen and Rorvik, Norway (26 November 1944) Operation PROVIDENT

RN:

USN Task Force 30?- Strikes on Luzon and Mindoro Landing (25 Nov – December 1944) USN Operation "Love III" USN Task Force 38 (Dec 1944) [Mindoro Landings- Opn Love III] (Halsey/McCain) USN Task Group 38.1:

USN Task Group 38.2:

USN Task Group 38.3:

USN Task Group 30.7- Antisubmarine Warfare Group:

USN Task Group 30.8- At Sea Logistical Group:

USN Raid on Yap (Nov 1944)

IJN Transport of Suicide Aircraft and Subs to Inland Sea (28–29 November 1944)

IJN Transport and Convoy Escort to and from Singapore (25 November 1944 – 13 January 1945) Note: Convoys include HI-83 and HI-84. IJN:

RN Escort for Russian Convoys to/from Kola Inlet (1–19 December 1944) Operation ACUMEN; JW62 and RA62; group sank U-387 and U-365

RN:

RN Aerial minelaying and shipping strikes on Norwegian Coast (6–10 December 1944) Operation URBANE

RN Force 1:

RN Aerial minelaying and shipping strikes on Norwegian Coast (14–17 December 1944) Operation LACERATE

RN Force 2:

USN Invasion of Luzon at Lingayen Gulf (Dec 1944)

IJN Transport of Suicide Aircraft to Philippines (Dec 1944)

IJN Transport of Suicide Aircraft to Formosa

USN Experience with Typhon "Cobra" (18 December 1944) [typhoon "Cobra" – sunk Spence, damaged Cowpens, Monterey, Cabot, San Jacinto, Miami, Buchanan, Dyson, Hickox, Benham II]

USN Task Force 30- Luzon Landing (Dec 1944 – January 1945) USN Task Group 30.7- Hunter Killer Group:

USN Task Group 30.8- 3rd Fleet Logistical Group:

USN Raids on Formosa (Dec 1944 – February 1945) USN ?

IJN ?

USN Raids on Sakishima Island Group (Dec 1944 – February 1945)

USN Raids on Okinawa (Dec 1944 – February 1945)

1945

Information for this section was obtained from online ship histories, principally from the following sources:

  1. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships [13]
  2. Royal and Dominion Navy Warships [14]
  3. Imperial Japanese Navy Page [15]
  4. Naval War In The Pacific 1941–1945 [16]
  5. World War II Database [17]

RN Escort for Russian convoy JW63 and RA63 to/from Kola Inlet (1–21 January 1944)

RN:

USN Raids- "MIKE I?." – Luzon Landing at Lingayen Gulf & Operation GRATITUDE (Indochina strikes?)] 1–25 January 1945 MORE ON THIS RE TF-38

USN Task Force 77: USN Task Group 77.14 Created 17 Jan: [8 CVE?]

USN Task Group 77.4 (Stump) Reformed from 17 January 1945:

USN Task Group 77.5 aka Task Unit 77.4.1 (Cronin) Hunter – Killer Group:

[Salamaua ?]

USN Night Raids on Indochina, Formosa, Hong Kong, and Okinawa (10–25 January 1945) Note: Also attacked shipping. USN Task Force 5/Task Group 38.5: [???]

RN Minelaying and anti-shipping strikes on Norwegian Coast (11–13 January 1945) Operations SPELLBINDER and GRATIS.

RN Force 3:

RN Escort for Russian convoy JW66 and RA66 to/from Kola Inlet (18 Apr – 6 May 1945)

RN:

RN night air attacks on shipping off Vaagso, Norway (24–30 January 1945) Operation WINDED

RN:

RN Raid on Palembang, Sumatra (24 & 29 January 1945) Reduced fuel outputs of plants at Palembang by 75%, Operation MERIDIAN

RN British Pacific Fleet: RN Force 63: • HMS Illustrious (CV) • HMS Indefatigable (CV) • HMS Indomitable (CV) • HMS Victorious (CV)

RN Landings on Cheduba Island, Burma (25 January 1945) Operation SANKEY

RN Force 64?:

RN Convoy Escort for Convoys to/from Kola Inlet (6–27 February 1945) Operation HOTBED; Convoys JW64 and RA64; experienced extreme weather condition;

RN:

RN Aerial minlaying at Skatestrommen, Norway (11–13 February 1945) Operation SELENIUM

RN Force 2:

USN Raids on Tokyo (16–17 February 1945) Task Force 58 (Spruance/Mitscher):

USN Raids on Tokyo (16–26 Feb – 1944) Operation JAMBOREE USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): 45/02/16 strike Tokyo area – start operation 45/02/17 strike Tokio, Jokohama – Tachikawa motor factory, Kasumigaura 45/02/21 strike Tokio 45/02/24 strike Tokio 45/02/25 strike Tokio 45/02/26 strike Tokio, Hacino Is., Nagoja 45/03/03 58.5 strike Cicijima WHICH CARRIERS? SAME ONES SUPPORTING IWO JIMA INVASION?

Invasion of Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima (19 Feb – 26 March 1945) USN Operation DETACHMENT USN Task Force 58/Fifth Fleet ((Mitscher/Spruance): USN Task Group 58.1: USN Task Unit 58.1.1? – Carrier Unit ComCarDiv5:

USN Task Group 58.2: USN Task Unit 58.2.? – Carrier Unit

USN Task Group 58.3: USN Task Unit 58.3.? – Carrier Unit:

USN Task Group 58.4: USN Task Unit 58.4.? – Carrier Unit:

USN Task Group 58.5:

USN Task Force 50: USN Task Group 50.7 – Antisubmarine Group USN Task Unit 50.7.1

USN Task Unit 50.7.3:

USN Task Group 50.8 – At Sea Logistic Support Group Replenishment ships:

Covering ships:

USN Task Group 52.2 – Support Carrier Group (Durgin): USN Task Unit 52.2.1 CarDiv26 (Sprague):

USN Task Unit 52.2.2 CarDiv29 (Durgin):

USN Task Unit 52.2.3 Cardiv25 (Henderson):

WATCH OUT FOR DOUBLE COUNTING USN Task Unit 52.2.3 from 45/03/08:

USN Task Unit 52.2.4 (Moebus) – attached 45/02/21

RN 30th Aircraft Carrier Squadron at Sydney, Australia for service in Fleet Train (as of 22 February 1945)

RN Task Force 112:

RN aerial minelaying and air strikes at Karm Sound, Norway (22 February 1945) Operation GROUNDSHEET

RN Force 4:

RN Photo-reconnaissance flights over Malaya (26 Feb – 7 March 1945) Operation STACEY

RN Force 64:

RN Operations Clearing the Indian Ocean (Mar – September 1945) Operations DRACULA, DUKEDOM, COLLIE, ZIPPER, JURIST

RN Eastern Fleet/Force 61/East Indies Fleet (21st Aircraft Carrier Squadron) based at Trincomalee as of 7 July 1945:

USN Raids on Okinawa (1 Mar – ? 1945)

USN Task Force 58

RN Escort for Russian Convoys JW65 and RA65 (15–30 March 1945) Operation SCOTTISH

RN:

USN Raids on Kyushu and Inland Sea (16–19 March 1945) UNS Task Force 58 (Spruance/Mitscher) Note: First USN attacks on Inland Sea area, by at least 240 USN aircraft, was made on 19 March 1945. Note: " Task Groups 58.1, 58.3 and 58.4 were to attack Kure, and Task Group 58.2 was to strike Kobe."

IJN:

RN aerial minelaying and air strikes at Askevold, Norway (20–21 March 1945) Operation CUPOLA

RN Force 1:

RN Raids on Shipping off Trondheim and Alesund, Norway (26–29 March 1945) Operation PREFIX

RN:

RN air attack on U-Boat Depot Ships at Kilbotn (6 April 1945) Operation NEWMARKET

RN:

RN photo-reconnaissance flights and strikes on Sumatra(14–16 April 1945) Operation SUNFISH

RN Force 63, Group 2 of Eastern Fleet:

RN Russian Convoy Escort for JW66 and RA66(18-2 April 1945) Operations ROUNDEL and TRAMMEL; last set of Russian Convoys

RN:

RN Raid on Nicobar and Port Blair in the Andamans, to provide cover for landings at Rangoon (27–30 April 1945) Operation BISHOP

RN Task Force 63:

USN Invasion of Okinawa (before 7 April 1945) USN Operation ICEBERG (Halsey?/Mitscher) USN Task Force 58 (Mitscher):

USN Task Group 58.1 (Clark):

USN Task Group 58.2 (Davison) Disjoined 20 March to 8 April 1945

USN Task Group 58.3 (Sherman):

USN Task Group 58.4 (Radford):

[WHAT ABOUT CVEs??]

USN Invasion of Okinawa (after 7 April 1945 and until 25 May 1945 TF-58?) USN Operation ICEBERG (Halsey?/Mitscher) USN Task Force 58 (Mitscher): USN Task Group 58.1 (Clark):

USN Task Group 58.2 (Davison) Disjoined 16 April

USN Task Group 58.3 (Sherman): USN Task Unit 58.3.1 – Carrier Unit

USN Task Unit 58.3.10 9–11 April:

USN Task Group 58.4 (Radford)

[WHAT ABOUT CVEs??] [45/05/28 TF 58 > TF 38]

USN Invasion of Okinawa (After 28 May 1945 to TF 38) 1 Apr – 22 June 1945) USN Operation ICEBERG USN Task Force 38:

USN Task Group 38.1:

USN Task Group 38.3:

USN Task Group 38.4:

USN Task Force 30- Okinawa Covering Force (28 May – 17 June 1945) USN Task Group 30.7- Antisubmarine Warfare Group:

USN Task Group 30.8- Logistic Support Group (ServRon6):

USN Task Force 32: USN Task Group 32.1 – Support Carrier Group

USN Task Unit 32.1.1:

USN Task Unit 32.1.3:

USN Task Group 50.7 – Antisubmarine Warfare Group

USN Task Group 50.8 – At Sea Logistic Support Group (ServRon6): [DUPLICATION WITH TASK FORCE 30 AND THEIR GROUPS. NEED TO SORT THIS OUT.]

USN Task Unit 50.8.4 – CVE Plane Transport Unit

USN Task Unit 50.8.13:

Task Unit 50.8.23:

Task Unit 52.1.1

Task Unit 52.1.2 ComCarDiv24:

Task Unit 52.1.3 ComCarDiv22:

USN SpecEscCarGrp – Special Escort Carrier Group [TF?] Transported 192 F4Us and 30 F6Fs of MAG-31 & MAG-33:

RN British Pacific Fleet Strikes on Sakishima Islands, Ishigaki Island, and Formosa (Apr – May 1945) Operation ICEBERG Task Force 57 (Apr – May 1945): USN Task Group 57.2 CarRon1

[45/05/28 TF 57 > TF 37]

RN British Pacific Fleet Logistical Support (May 1945) Operation ICEBERG I Task Force 112- Fleet Train supporting Task Force 57 (Fisher)

Task Group 112.2: Task Unit 112.2.1 17 Apr:

Task Unit 112.2.5 45/04/17:

Task Unit 112.2.6: HMS Indefatigable (CV- 19–20 July HMS Arbiter (CVE HMS Striker (CVE [DOUBLE COUNTED?]

[MORE MISC INFO ON OPERATION ICEBERG TO BE INTEGRATED ABOVE] [USN/RN Invasion of Okinawa (1 Apr – 22 June) USN Operation ICEBERG 12 ships lost to kamikaze attacks USN Fifth Fleet: USN Task Force 50: USN Task Force 58: (took part in all USN battles during the last two years of the war) 11 fleet carriers, 6 light carriers, 22 escort carriers USN/RN Task Force 57 (BPF): 5 fleet carriers] [WHAT IS ICEBERG II VS ICEBERG I??]

RN Raids on shipping and U-boat base at Kilbotn, Norway (4 May 1945) Operation JUDGMENT (1945) Last offensive operation by Home Fleet during the war; submarine Depot Ship and U-711 sunk, the last U-Boat sunk by aircraft of the Fleet Air Arm aircraft during the war.

RN Home Fleet Task Force:

RN at Copenhagen for Surrender of German Warships (9 May 1945) Operation CLEAVER

RN:

RN intercept Japanese craft evacuating troops from Andaman Islands (10–19 May 1945) Operation DUKEDOM

RN Force 61:

RN Escort for Russian convoy JW67 and RA67 to/from Kola Inlet (12–30 May 1944) Operation TIMELESS; last set of Russian convoys;

RN 4th Escort Group:

RN patrol for Japanese warships in Indian Ocean (14–16 May) Operation MITRE; destroyers from group sank cruiser IJN Haguro

RN:

USN ?

USN Task Force?:

RN aircraft transport from India to Cylon (June – July 1945)

USN Raids on Kyushu (2–8 June 1945) USN Operation Iceberg USN Task Force 38 (Halsey/McCain): USN:

USN caught in typhoon (4 June 1945)

USN: Hornet (22-54N, 132-25E), Bennington (23-03N, 132-04E), Belleau Wood (22-45N, 132-10E), San Jacinto (22-53N, 131-55E)

RN Raid on Truk (14–15 June 1945) Operation INMATE Task Force 111: Task Group 111.2 (Brind)

RN Reconnaissance missions over southern Malaya and attacks on airfields in northern Sumatra. (14–20 June 1945) Operation BALSAM

RN Force 63 (Oliver):

USN Raid (6th) on Wake Island (20 June 1945) USN Task Force 12, Task Group 12.4:

USN Raids on Home Islands (July – August 1945)

USN Task Group 38.1:

USN Task Group 38.2:

USN Task Group 38.3:

USN Task Group 38.4:

USN Task Group 38.5 – 45/08/13 – British Pacific Fleet

[SEE MORE INFO RE SPECIFIC RAIDS AT valka.] USN Task Force 37- The British Pacific Fleet (July – August 1945):

USN Task Force 30: USN Task Group 30.7- Antisubmarine Warfare Group:

USN Task Group 30.8- Third Fleet Logistical Group:

RN BPF RAIDS ON HOME ISLANDS??

RN Replacement carriers supporting BPF operations off Japan (20 July – 13 August 1945)

RN:

RN cover for a major minesweeping operation off Nicobar and to carry out attacks by embarked aircraft on airfields in North Sumatra (2 July 1945) Operation COLLIE

RN Force 61:

RN air cover and strikes during bombardments Nicobar Islands (9–10 July)

RN Force 61?:

USN Raid on Tokyo (10 July 1945) USN Task Force 38 (Halsey/McCain) ~1,000 aircraft:

USN Raids on Hokkaido and Northern Honshu (14–15 July 1945) USN Task Force 38 (Halsey/McCain)

USN & RN Raid on Yokosuka (17–18 July 1945) USN Task Force 38 (Halsey/McCain)

USN Task Force 37 British Pacific Fleet:

USN & RN Raids on Kure and the Inland Sea Area (24–28 July 1945) USN Task Force 38 (Halsey/McCain) attacked Kure:

USN Task Force 37 (British Pacific Fleet) attacked Kure:

RN Task Force 57 (admiral?) attacked Osaka:

IJN:

["Sank one carrier"(?)]

RN air strikes on airfields at Kota Raja and Lho Nga, NW Sumatra. (11 July 1945)

RN Force 61?:

RN cover minesweeping operation off Phuket Island on Kra Isthmus. (19–26 July 1945) Operation LIVERY last offensive operation by the East Indies Fleet during the war

RN Force 63:

USN Raid (7th) on Wake Island (1 August 1945)

USN Task Force 12, Task Group 12.3:

USN Raid on Tokyo (13–15 August 1945) USN Task Force 38 (Spurance/Mitscher)

USN Task Force 44-Northern Honshu & Hokkaido Surrender Force (Aug 1945):

RN landings in Malaya (28 Aug – 3 September 1945) Operation JURIST part of Operation ZIPPER

RN (Walker):

USN Occupation Duty (Sept 1945) Task Force 72:

RN Landings at Singapore () Operation TIDERACE part of Operation ZIPPER

RN:

USN Returning Servicemen Home (after September 1945) USN Operation Magic Carpet

IJN Returning Servicemen Home'

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Britain and America shipped war-sustaining goods to the Soviet Union via Arctic Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Pacific Ocean routes.

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Naval historians such as Evan Mawdsley, Richard Overy, and Craig Symonds concluded that World War II's decisive victories on land could not have been won without decisive victories at sea. Naval battles to keep shipping lanes open for combatant's movement of troops, guns, ammunition, tanks, warships, aircraft, raw materials, and food largely determined the outcome of land battles. Without the Allied victory in keeping shipping lanes open during the Battle of the Atlantic, Britain could not have fed her people or withstood Axis offensives in Europe and North Africa. Without Britain's survival and without Allied shipments of food and industrial equipment to the Soviet Union, her military and economic power would likely not have rebounded in time for Russian soldiers to prevail at Stalingrad and Kursk.

References

  1. ↑ Mawdsley, Evan (2019). The War For The Seas- A Maritime History of World War II. London: Yale University Press. p. 478. ISBN   978-0-300-19019-9.
  2. ↑ Overy, p. 61
  3. ↑ Symonds, p. 641
  4. ↑ Overy, 1995 p18-19
  5. ↑ Overy p. 19, 254, 321
  6. ↑ Mawdsley, p.478
  7. ↑ Baranov, Sergey (14 Mar 2018). "Lend-Lease: How American supplies aided the USSR in its darkest hour". Russia. Science & Tech. Retrieved 29 Aug 2019.
  8. ↑ Hill, Alexander (July 2008). "Did Russia Really Go It Alone- How Lend-Lease Helped The Soviets Defeat The Germans". History.net. Retrieved 28 Aug 2019.
  9. ↑ Toland, John (1965). The Last 100 Days. New York, NY & Toronto, Canada: Bantam Books. p. 102. ISBN   0-553-34208-8.
  10. ↑ Symonds, WWII at Sea, p. xi-xii
  11. ↑ Mawdsley, page=xxxix, 477
  12. ↑ Symonds, p. 268
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "DANFS Aircraft Carriers", DANFS Online: Aircraft Carriers, retrieved 30 September 2020
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 "World War 2 at Sea", Service Histories of 1,000 Royal and Dominion Navy Warships, including British Ships manned by Allied Navies, retrieved 30 Sep 2020
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 Tully, Anthony, "Kido Butai", Imperial Japanese Navy Page, retrieved 30 Sep 2020
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 "Ships Index", Naval War In The Pacific 1941–1945, retrieved 30 Sep 2020
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 World War II Database, Lava Development, 2019, retrieved 4 April 2019
  18. ↑ Yarnall, Paul R (2010). "Locations Of Warships Of The United States Navy December 7 1941". NavSource Naval History. Retrieved 30 Sep 2020.
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