Related Research Articles
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera, in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described insects and 25% of all known animal species; new species are discovered frequently, with estimates suggesting that there are between 0.9 and 2.1 million total species. Found in almost every habitat except the sea and the polar regions, they interact with their ecosystems in several ways: beetles often feed on plants and fungi, break down animal and plant debris, and eat other invertebrates. Some species are serious agricultural pests, such as the Colorado potato beetle, while others such as Coccinellidae eat aphids, scale insects, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects that damage crops.
Tiger beetles are a family of beetles, Cicindelidae, known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest known species of tiger beetle, Rivacindela hudsoni, can run at a speed of 9 km/h, or about 125 body lengths per second. As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics. While historically treated as a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae) under the name Cicindelinae, several studies since 2020 indicated that they should be treated as a family, the Cicindelidae, which are a sister group to Carabidae within the Adephaga.
Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Europe. As of 2015, it is one of the 10 most species-rich animal families. They belong to the Adephaga. Members of the family are primarily carnivorous, but some members are herbivorous or omnivorous.
Amara is a large genus of carabid beetles, commonly called the sun beetles. Many are holarctic, but a few species are neotropical or occur in eastern Asia.
The Adephaga are a suborder of beetles, and with more than 40,000 recorded species in 10 families, the second-largest of the four beetle suborders. Members of this suborder are collectively known as adephagans. The largest family is Carabidae which comprises most of the suborder with over 40,000 species. Adephaga also includes a variety of aquatic beetles, such as predaceous diving beetles and whirligig beetles.
Harpalinae is the largest subfamily of ground beetles, containing more than 19,000 species worldwide.
Calathus is a genus of ground beetle native to the Palearctic, the Near East and North Africa. There are at least 190 described species in Calathus.
Carabinae is a subfamily of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are about 10 genera and more than 1,400 described species in Carabinae.
Nebriinae is a subfamily of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are about 12 genera and more than 840 described species in Nebriinae.
Pseudomorphinae is a subfamily of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are about 12 genera and at least 360 described species in Pseudomorphinae.
Rhysodinae is a subfamily in the family Carabidae. There are 19 genera and at least 380 described species in Rhysodinae. The group of genera making up Rhysodinae had been treated as the family Rhysodidae in the past, and subsequent DNA analysis then placed it within Carabidae, where it was sometimes treated as the tribe Rhysodini, but the most recent analyses place it as a subfamily in a clade along with subfamilies Paussinae and Siagoninae, forming a sister to the remaining Carabidae.
Trechinae is a subfamily of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are 6 tribes, more than 430 genera, and over 6,700 described species in Trechinae.
Ross Taylor Bell was an American entomologist with particular interest in the invertebrate natural history of Vermont, United States, and carabid beetles. Together with his wife, Joyce Rockenbach Bell, his work at the University of Vermont was largely taxonomic, where they described more than 75% of the rhysodine species known to science. Ross also wrote a number of seminal papers in his chosen field.
Planus is a surname of French origin. People with that name include:
Stefano Ludovico Straneo was an Italian entomologist, teacher, academic administrator and author.
Platynini is a large tribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are at least 190 genera and 3000 described species in Platynini.
Zabrini is a tribe of ground beetles in the subfamily Pterostichinae of beetle family Carabidae, found mainly in North America and Europe. There are more than 750 described species in three genera of Zabrini, more than 600 of which are in the genus Amara.
Sphodrini is a tribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are more than 30 genera and at least 910 described species in Sphodrini.
Clivinini is a tribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are more than 70 genera and 1,200 described species in Clivinini.
Stenolophina is a subtribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are about 9 genera and at least 50 described species in Stenolophina.
References
- ↑ Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; et al. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys. Pensoft Publishers (88): 1–972. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.88.807 . ISSN 1313-2989. PMC 3088472 . PMID 21594053.