List of coconut palm diseases

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List of diseases of coconut palms ( Cocos nucifera ):

Contents

Bacterial diseases

Coconut gone bad: the dark spots are very bitter and the whole meat has turned yellow. The first indication is a bitter taste of the water; this coconut should not be consumed. Bad coconut.JPG
Coconut gone bad: the dark spots are very bitter and the whole meat has turned yellow. The first indication is a bitter taste of the water; this coconut should not be consumed.
Coconut-InfectedTree-August2017.jpg
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial bud rot Erwinia spp.

Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases
Algal leaf spot Cephaleuros virescens
Anthracnose

Glomerella cingulata (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, anamorph)

Bitten leaf

Ceratocystis paradoxa (Chalara paradoxa, anamorph)

Bipolaris leaf spot Bipolaris incurvata
Black scorch

Ceratocystis paradoxa (Chalara paradoxa, Thielaviopsis paradoxa, anamorphs)

Bud rot

Fusarium solani
F. verticillioides
Graphium sp.
Phytophthora katsurae
Ph. nicotianae
Ph. palmivora

Catacauma leaf spot Phaeochoropsis mucosa
Damping off

Fusarium spp.
Phytophthora spp.
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia solani

Dry basal rot

Ceratocystis paradoxa (Thielaviopsis paradoxa, anamorph)

Ganoderma butt rot

Ganoderma orbiforme
G. tornatum
G. zonatum

Graphiola leaf spot Graphiola phoenicis
Gray leaf blight Pestalotiopsis palmarum
Koleroga Phytophthora palmivora
Leaf blight Cytospora palmarum
Leaf spots

Alternaria sp.
Botryosphaeria disrupta
Capitorostrum cocoes
Cercospora sp.
Cochliobolus lunatus
Cylindrocladium pteridis
Drechslera gigantea
D. halodes
Epicoccum nigrum
Helminthosporium sp.
Macrophoma sp.
Macrosporium cocos
Melanconium sp.
Mycosphaerella palmicola
Periconiella cocoes
Pseudoepicoccum cocos
Phomopsis sp.
Phyllosticta palmetto
Ramularia necator

Lethal bole rot Marasmiellus cocophilus [1] [2]
Lixa grande Camarotella costaricensis , Coccostromopsis palmicola
Lixa pequeña Camarotella acrocomiae
Nut fall

Fusarium verticillioides
Graphium sp.
Phytophthora katsurae
Ph. nicotianae
Ph. palmivora

Powdery mildew Oidium sp.
Queima das folhas

Botryosphaeria cocogena
Lasiodiplodia theobromae

Root rot

Fusarium spp.
Phytophthora spp.
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia solani

Stem bleeding

Ceratocystis paradoxa (Chalara paradoxa, Thielaviopsis paradoxa, anamorphs) Thielaviopsis spp.[ which? ]

Stigmina leaf spot Stigmina palmivora
Thread blight

Ceratobasidium noxium
Corticium penicillatum
Pellicularia filamentosa

Virus and viroid

diseases
Cadang-cadang Coconut cadang-cadang viroid
Foliar decay ssDNA virus, identity uncertain
Tinangaja Coconut tinangaja viroid
Natuna wiltNot known
Premature declineNot known
Soccoro wiltNot known

Phytoplasmal diseases

A coconut palm with lethal yellowing Coconutlethalyellowing.jpg
A coconut palm with lethal yellowing
Phytoplasmal diseases
Awka disease/Texas phoenix palm decline Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae
Blast Candidatus Phytoplasma suspected
Cape St. Paul wiltCa. Phytoplasma
Cedros wilt Phytomonas sp.
Heart rot Phytomonas sp.
Kaincope diseaseCa. Phytoplasma
Kalimantan wiltCa. Phytoplasma suspected
Kribi diseaseCa. Phytoplasma
Lethal declineCa. Phytoplasma
Lethal diseaseCa. Phytoplasma
Lethal yellowing Ca. Phytoplasma
Pudricion del cogolloCa. Phytoplasma
Root wilt diseaseCa. Phytoplasma
Stem necrosisCa. Phytoplasma suspected

Miscellaneous diseases and disorders

Miscellaneous diseases and disorders
Bristle topNot known
Dry bud rotNot known, but possibly vectored by the insects Sogatella kolophon and S. cubana ( Tagosodes cubana )
Finschafen diseaseNot known
Frond rotPhysiological disorder
Leaf scorch declineNot known
Malaysia wiltNot known
Red ring disease Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (nematode)
Porroca diseasenot known
Coconut lethal crown atrophyNot known

Further reading

Gurr, Geoff; Johnson, Anne; Ash, Gavin; Wilson, Bree; Ero, Mark; Pilotti, Carmel; Dewhurst, Charles; You, Minsheng (2016). "Coconut Lethal Yellowing Diseases: A Phytoplasma Threat to Palms of Global Economic and Social Significance". Frontiers in Plant Science . 7. Frontiers Media SA: 1521. Bibcode:2016FrPS....7.1521G. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01521 . ISSN   1664-462X. PMC   5080360 . PMID   27833616. S2CID   3187070.
...cites this study:
Manimekalai, R.; Soumya, V.; Sathish, R.; Selvarajan, R.; Reddy, K.; Thomas, G.; Sasikala, M.; Rajeev, G.; Baranwal, V. (2010). "Molecular Detection of 16SrXI Group Phytoplasma Associated with Root (Wilt) Disease of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) in India". Plant Disease . 94 (5). American Phytopathological Society (APS): 636. Bibcode:2010PlDis..94..636M. doi:10.1094/pdis-94-5-0636b. ISSN   0191-2917. PMID   30754440. S2CID   73430885.

References

  1. "What Is Lethal Bole Rot: Learn About Lethal Bole Rot Disease". Gardening Know How. 2015-10-14. Retrieved 2025-08-02.
  2. Bock, K. R.; Ivory, M. H.; Adams, B. R. (1970). "Lethal bole rot disease of coconut in East Africa". Annals of Applied Biology. 66 (3): 453–464. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1970.tb04624.x. ISSN   1744-7348.