 |
This is a partial list of molecules that contain 30 to 39 carbon atoms.
| |
This is a partial list of molecules that contain 30 to 39 carbon atoms.
| Chemical formula | Synonyms | CAS number |
|---|---|---|
| C30H16 | pyranthrene | 191-13-9 |
| C30H16O8 | hypericin | 548-04-9 |
| C30H18 | heptaphene | 222-75-3 |
| C30H18 | trinaphthylene | 196-62-3 |
| C30H18 | dibenzo(a,c)pentacene | 216-08-0 |
| C30H18 | dibenzo(a,l)pentacene | 216-08-0 |
| C30H18 | tetrabenz(a,c,h,j)anthracene | 215-11-2 |
| C30H18 | dibenzo(c,m)pentaphene | 222-51-5 |
| C30H18 | naphtho(2,3-c)pentaphene | 222-58-2 |
| C30H18 | dinaphtho(2,1-c:1',2'-g)phenanthrene | 16914-68-4 |
| C30H18 | benzo(c)naphtho(2,1-p)chrysene | 27798-46-5 |
| C30H18 | tribenz(a,c,j)naphthacene | 215-96-3 |
| C30H18 | dibenzo(b,n)picene | 213-44-5 |
| C30H18 | benzo(p)hexaphene | 222-81-1 |
| C30H24N4O8 | azilsartan | 863031-21-4 |
| C30H24N4O10 | nicofuranose | 15351-13-0 |
| C30H30 | 1,1,2,2-tetra-p-tolylethane | 40673-57-2 |
| C30H34FN5O5 | frakefamide | 188196-22-7 |
| C30H40O6 | absinthin | 13624-21-0 |
| C30H44O7 | ganoderic acid | 81907-62-2 |
| C30H45N6O16P | tetrahydromethanopterin | 92481-94-2 |
| C30H46O4 | glycyrrhetinic acid | 471-53-4 |
| C30H48O2 | brassicasterol acetate | 2458-53-9 |
| C30H48O3 | oleanolic acid | 508-02-1 |
| C30H48O3 | ursolic acid | 77-52-1 |
| C30H48O4 | corosolic acid | 4547-24-4 |
| C30H50 | squalene | 7683-64-9 |
| C30H50O | gorgosterol | 29782-65-8 |
| C30H50O | lanosterol | 79-63-0 |
| C30H50O | lupeol | 545-47-1 |
| C30H50O2 | betulin | 473-98-3 |
| C30H50O3 | cholesterol ethyl carbonate | 23836-43-3 |
| C30H50O4 | cucurbalsaminol A | 1189131-54-1 |
| C30H50O5 | balsaminapentaol | 1189131-49-4 |
| C30H50O7 | amarasterone A | 20853-88-7 |
| C30H52 | hopane | 471-62-5 |
| C30H52O | ambrein | 473-03-0 |
| C30H52O2 | ergostanol acetate | 4356-09-6 |
| C30H52O3 | protopanaxadiol | 7755-01-3 |
| C30H52O4 | panaxatriol | 32791-84-7 |
| C30H52O5 | teurilene | 96304-92-6 |
| C30H52O7 | cubensic acid | 136156-79-1 |
| C30H52O8 | boldoglucin | 1398-22-7 |
| C30H54 | lanostane | 474-20-4 |
| C30H58O4 | didodecyl hexanedioate | 3072-02-4 |
| C30H58O4 | ethylene dimyristate | 627-84-9 |
| C30H60 | cyclotriacontane | 297-35-8 |
| C30H62 | triacontane | 638-68-6 |
| C30H63N | trisdecylamine | 1070-01-5 |
| C30H68N2O4S2Si4 | cystine tetratbdms | 107716-02-9 |
| C30H60O2 | melissic acid | 506-50-3 |
| C31H15NO3 | c.i. vat green 3 | 3271-76-9 |
| C31H27N3O5 | nalorphine dinicotinate | 3194-25-0 |
| C31H32N4O2 | bezitramide | 15301-48-1 |
| C31H34ClN3 | brilliant violet | 105070-70-0 |
| C31H42N6O7 | BQ-123 | 136553-81-6 |
| C31H43N3Na10O49S8 | fondaparinux | 114870-03-0 |
| C31H46O2 | phytomenadione | 84-80-0 |
| C31H46O2 | vitamin K1 | 81818-54-4 |
| C31H50O2 | stigmasterol acetate | 4651-48-3 |
| C31H52O2 | cholesterol butanoate | 137036-79-4 |
| C31H52O2 | clionasterol acetate | 4651-54-1 |
| C31H52O2 | sitosterol acetate | 915-05-9 |
| C31H52O3 | vitamin E acetate | 58-95-7 |
| C31H52O3 | vitamin E acetate | 7695-91-2 |
| C31H52O4 | cucurbalsaminol B | 1189131-55-2 |
| C32H2Br16N8 | hexadecabromophthalocyanine | 28746-04-5 |
| C32H2Cl16N8 | hexadecachlorophthalocyanine | 28888-81-5 |
| C32H14 | ovalene | 190-26-1 |
| C32H16CoN8 | cobalt phthalocyanine | 3317-67-7 |
| C32H16CuN8 | copper phthalocyanine | 147-14-8 |
| C32H16FeN8 | iron phthalocyanine | 132-16-1 |
| C32H16MnN8 | manganese phthalocyanine | 14325-24-7 |
| C32H16N8Ni | nickel phthalocyanine | 14055-02-8 |
| C32H16N8Zn | zinc phthalocyanine | 14320-04-8 |
| C32H18N8 | phthalocyanine | 574-93-6 |
| C32H22N6Na2O6S2 | congo red | 573-58-0 |
| C32H26 | pentaphenylethane | 19112-42-6 |
| C32H30O3 | dibezylacetic anhydride | 96507-33-4 |
| C32H38N2O8 | deserpidine | 131-01-1 |
| C32H38O20 | CTN-986 | 63947-67-1 |
| C32H38N4 | etioporphyrin iii | 26608-34-4 |
| C32H41NO2 | seldane | 50679-08-8 |
| C32H44O2 | food orange 7 | 1109-11-1 |
| C32H48N4O8 | 17-Dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin | 467214-20-6 |
| C32H52O2 | cycloartenol acetate | 1259-10-5 |
| C32H52O2 | lanosterol acetate | 2671-68-3 |
| C32H52O2 | parkeol acetate | 55570-91-7 |
| C32H53N2O4Br | rocuronium bromide | 119302-91-9 |
| C32H54O2 | cycloartanol acetate | 4575-74-0 |
| C32H54O4 | didodecyl phthalate | 2432-90-8 |
| C32H54O4 | diisododecyl phthalate | 40989-56-8 |
| C32H64 | cyclodotriacontane | 297-39-2 |
| C32H64HgO4 | mercuric hexadecanoate | 16888-60-1 |
| C32H64O2 | dotriacontanoic acid | 3625-52-3 |
| C32H64O2 | ethyl triacontanate | 7505-12-6 |
| C32H66 | dotriacontane | 544-85-4 |
| C32H68O4Si | octyl silicate | 78-14-8 |
| C32H69NO | tetraoctylammonium hydroxide | 17756-58-0 |
| C33H30N4O2 | telmisartan | 144701-48-4 |
| C33H34N4O6 | biliverdin | 114-25-0 |
| C33H35N5O5 | ergotamine | 113-15-5 |
| C33H35FN2O5 | atorvastatin | 134523-00-5 |
| C33H35NO13 | elsamitrucin | 97068-30-9 |
| C33H36N4O6 | bilirubin | 635-65-4 |
| C33H37N5O5 | dihydroergotamine mesylate | 6190-39-2 |
| C33H38N4O6 | phycoerythrobilin | 18097-67-1 |
| C33H38N6 | hodgkinsine | 18210-71-4 |
| C33H40N4O6 | phycocyanobilin | |
| C33H40N2O9 | methoserpidine | 865-04-3 |
| C33H40N2O9 | reserpine | 50-55-5 |
| C33H40N6O7 | casokefamide | 98815-38-4 |
| C33H40O15 | Icariin | 489-32-7 |
| C33H40O19 | Robinin | 301-19-9 |
| C33H42N4O6 | urobilin | 1856-98-0 |
| C33H42O19 | Troxerutin | 56764-99-9 |
| C33H44N4O6 | urobilinogen | 14684-37-8 |
| C33H46N4O6 | stercobilin | 34217-90-8 |
| C33H48O6 | leptomycin | 87081-35-4 |
| C33H57EuO9 | europium dipivaloylmethanate | 500022-98-0 |
| C33H57GdO9 | gadolinium dipiraloylmethanate | 500022-99-1 |
| C33H57LaO9 | lanthanum dipivaloylmethanate | 500023-20-1 |
| C33H57NdO9 | neodymium dipivaloylmethanate | 500023-21-2 |
| C33H68 | tritriacontane | 630-05-7 |
| C33H68O | tritriacontanol | 71353-61-2 |
| C34H16O2 | dibenzanthrone | 116-71-2 |
| C34H16O2 | isodibenzanthrone | 128-64-3 |
| C34H20 | isoviolanthrene | 4430-29-9 |
| C34H20 | violanthrene | 81-31-2 |
| C34H24O22 | pedunculagin | |
| C34H31CuN4Na3O6 | chlorophyllin | 11006-34-1 |
| C34H32N4O4 | zinc protoporphyrin | 15442-64-5 |
| C34H36N2O6 | pseudomorphine | 125-24-6 |
| C34H38N4O6 | hematoporphyrin | 14459-29-1 |
| C34H41N7O5 | dabigatran | 211915-06-9 |
| C34H42O20 | Xanthorhamnin | 1324-63-6 |
| C34H50O2 | cholesteryl benzoate | 604-32-0 |
| C34H57N2O4 | vecuronium bromide | 50700-72-6 |
| C34H66O6 | dicetyl peroxydicarbonate | 26322-14-5 |
| C34H68O2 | tetratriacontanoic acid | 38232-04-1 |
| C35H28O5N4Mg | chlorophyll c2 | |
| C35H30O5N4Mg | chlorophyll c1 | |
| C35H30N4O4 | midostaurin | 120685-11-2 |
| C35H36N4O5 | pheophorbide a | 15664-29-6 |
| C35H38Cl2N8O4 | itraconazole | 84625-61-6 |
| C35H39F2N7O4 | pramiconazole | |
| C35H42N2O9 | rescinnamine | 24815-24-5 |
| C35H42N2O11 | syrosingopine | 84-36-6 |
| C35H49N11O9S2 | eptifibatide | 188627-80-7 |
| C35H50N8O6S2 | patellamide A | 81120-73-2 |
| C35H58O9 | bafilomycin | 88899-55-2 |
| C36H18 | decacyclene | 191-48-0 |
| C36H26 | pentaphenyl benzene | 18631-82-8 |
| C36H30OSi2 | hexaphenyldisiloxane | 1829-40-9 |
| C36H30O3Si3 | hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane | 512-63-0 |
| C36H30Sn2 | hexaphenylditin | 1064-10-4 |
| C36H38N4O8 | isocoproporphyrin | |
| C36H41ClN8O4S | mitratapide | 179602-65-4 |
| C36H42N4O4 | mesoporphyrin ix dimethyl ester | 1263-63-4 |
| C36H44N4O6 | coporprophyrinogen I | 31110-56-2 |
| C36H44N4O8 | coproporphyrinogen III | 2624-63-7 |
| C36H54O12 | bryoamaride | 61105-51-9 |
| C36H56O14 | digitalin | 752-61-4 |
| C36H59NO6 | dimethyl carbocampesteryloxy glutarate | 107928-38-1 |
| C36H60O2 | vitamin A palmitate | 79-81-2 |
| C36H70HgO4 | mercuric octadecanoate | 645-99-8 |
| C36H72 | cyclohexatriacontane | 297-50-7 |
| C36H75N | tridodecylamine | 102-87-4 |
| C37H37N2O10S3 | fast green FCF | 2353-45-9 |
| C37H41N2O6 | tubocurarine | 1370-17-8 |
| C37H42Cl2N2O6 | tubocurarine chloride | 57-95-4 |
| C37H42F2N8O4 | posaconazole | 171228-49-2 |
| C37H76 | heptatriacontane | 7194-84-5 |
| C38H30 | hexaphenylethane | 17854-07-8 |
| C38H30 | Gomberg's dimer | 18909-18-7 |
| C38H41N5O9 | talaporfin | 110230-98-3 |
| C38H47N5O7S2 | simeprevir | 923604-59-5 |
| C38H55Na9O49S7 | idraparinux | 149920-56-9 |
| C38H66O2 | cholesteryl undecanoate | 24385-24-8 |
| C38H78 | octatriacontane | 7194-85-6 |
| C39H30N6 | hexaphenylisomelamine | 604-45-5 |
| C39H30N6 | hexaphenylmelamine | 18343-40-3 |
| C39H37F6N3O2 | lomitapide | 182431-12-5 |
| C39H48N4O4 | 2-(1-Hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a | 149402-51-7 |
| C39H49NO16 | nogalamycin | 1404-15-5 |
| C39H54N10O13S | amaninamide | 58311-85-2 |
| C39H64N4O16 | tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 |
| C39H68O2 | cholesteryl laurate | 1908-11-8 |
| C39H74O6 | trilaurin | 37318-95-9 |
| C39H80 | nonatriacontane | 7194-86-7 |
| C39H81N | nonatriacontanamine | 66576-42-9 |
Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 electrons. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. Three isotopes occur naturally, 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of 5,700 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.
A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a tube made of carbon with a diameter in the nanometre range (nanoscale). They are one of the allotropes of carbon. Two broad classes of carbon nanotubes are recognized:
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CO2. It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature, and as the source of available carbon in the carbon cycle, atmospheric CO2 is the primary carbon source for life on Earth. In the air, carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation, acting as a greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide is soluble in water and is found in groundwater, lakes, ice caps, and seawater. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonate and mainly bicarbonate, which causes ocean acidification as atmospheric CO2 levels increase.
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond. It is the simplest carbon oxide. In coordination complexes, the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl. It is a key ingredient in many processes in industrial chemistry.
Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon. It consists of stacked layers of graphene. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale for uses in pencils, lubricants, and electrodes. Under high pressures and temperatures it converts to diamond. It is a good conductor of both heat and electricity.
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes and its derivatives are universally considered organic, but many others are sometimes considered inorganic, such as halides of carbon without carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds, and certain compounds of carbon with nitrogen and oxygen.
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their activities. Photosynthesis usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that produces oxygen.
Photosynthetic organisms store the chemical energy they produce in photosynthesis, within intracellular organic compounds like sugars, glycogen, cellulose and starches. To use this stored chemical energy, the organisms' cells metabolize the organic compounds through another process called cellular respiration. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and it supplies most of the biological energy necessary for complex life on Earth.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Because of its high tensile strength and low cost, steel is one of the most commonly manufactured materials in the world. Steel is used in buildings, as concrete reinforcing rods, in bridges, infrastructure, tools, ships, trains, cars, bicycles, machines, electrical appliances, furniture, and weapons.
The carbon cycle is that part of the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth. Other major biogeochemical cycles include the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle. Carbon is the main component of biological compounds as well as a major component of many minerals such as limestone. The carbon cycle comprises a sequence of events that are key to making Earth capable of sustaining life. It describes the movement of carbon as it is recycled and reused throughout the biosphere, as well as long-term processes of carbon sequestration (storage) to and release from carbon sinks.
A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon emissions from producing goods and services. Carbon taxes are intended to make visible the hidden social costs of carbon emissions. They are designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by essentially increasing the price of fossil fuels. This both decreases demand for goods and services that produce high emissions and incentivizes making them less carbon-intensive. When a fossil fuel such as coal, petroleum, or natural gas is burned, most or all of its carbon is converted to CO2. Greenhouse gas emissions cause climate change. This negative externality can be reduced by taxing carbon content at any point in the product cycle.
Carbon fibers or carbon fibres are fibers about 5 to 10 micrometers (0.00020–0.00039 in) in diameter and composed mostly of carbon atoms. Carbon fibers have several advantages: high stiffness, high tensile strength, high strength to weight ratio, high chemical resistance, high-temperature tolerance, and low thermal expansion. These properties have made carbon fiber very popular in aerospace, civil engineering, military, motorsports, and other competition sports. However, they are relatively expensive compared to similar fibers, such as glass fiber, basalt fibers, or plastic fibers.
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses. It is processed (activated) to have small, low-volume pores that greatly increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions that can be thought of as a microscopic "sponge" structure. Activation is analogous to making popcorn from dried corn kernels: popcorn is light, fluffy, and its kernels have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. Activated is sometimes replaced by active.
Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in carbon monoxide (CO) at excessive levels. Symptoms are often described as "flu-like" and commonly include headache, dizziness, weakness, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Large exposures can result in loss of consciousness, arrhythmias, seizures, or death. The classically described "cherry red skin" rarely occurs. Long-term complications may include chronic fatigue, trouble with memory, and movement problems.
Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content from about 0.05 up to 2.1 percent by weight. The definition of carbon steel from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) states:
A carbon footprint (or greenhouse gas footprint) is a calculated value or index that makes it possible to compare the total amount of greenhouse gases that an activity, product, company or country adds to the atmosphere. Carbon footprints are usually reported in tonnes of emissions (CO2-equivalent) per unit of comparison. Such units can be for example tonnes CO2-eq per year, per kilogram of protein for consumption, per kilometer travelled, per piece of clothing and so forth. A product's carbon footprint includes the emissions for the entire life cycle. These run from the production along the supply chain to its final consumption and disposal.
Carbon offsetting is a carbon trading mechanism that enables entities to compensate for offset greenhouse gas emissions by investing in projects that reduce, avoid, or remove emissions elsewhere. When an entity invests in a carbon offsetting program, it receives carbon credit or offset credit, which account for the net climate benefits that one entity brings to another. After certification by a government or independent certification body, credits can be traded between entities. One carbon credit represents a reduction, avoidance or removal of one metric tonne of carbon dioxide or its carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e).
Carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon in a carbon pool. It plays a crucial role in limiting climate change by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. There are two main types of carbon sequestration: biologic and geologic.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities intensify the greenhouse effect. This contributes to climate change. Carbon dioxide, from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is one of the most important factors in causing climate change. The largest emitters are China followed by the United States. The United States has higher emissions per capita. The main producers fueling the emissions globally are large oil and gas companies. Emissions from human activities have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 50% over pre-industrial levels. The growing levels of emissions have varied, but have been consistent among all greenhouse gases. Emissions in the 2010s averaged 56 billion tons a year, higher than any decade before. Total cumulative emissions from 1870 to 2022 were 703 GtC, of which 484±20 GtC from fossil fuels and industry, and 219±60 GtC from land use change. Land-use change, such as deforestation, caused about 31% of cumulative emissions over 1870–2022, coal 32%, oil 24%, and gas 10%.
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the gases in the atmosphere that raise the surface temperature of planets such as the Earth. What distinguishes them from other gases is that they absorb the wavelengths of radiation that a planet emits, resulting in the greenhouse effect. The Earth is warmed by sunlight, causing its surface to radiate heat, which is then mostly absorbed by greenhouse gases. Without greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about −18 °C (0 °F), rather than the present average of 15 °C (59 °F).
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, carbon-fiber reinforced-thermoplastic, also known as carbon fiber, carbon composite, or just carbon, are extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced plastics that contain carbon fibers. CFRPs can be expensive to produce, but are commonly used wherever high strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness (rigidity) are required, such as aerospace, superstructures of ships, automotive, civil engineering, sports equipment, and an increasing number of consumer and technical applications.