Pedunculagin

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Pedunculagin
Pedunculagin.svg
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C34H24O22/c35-10-1-6-15(23(43)19(10)39)16-7(2-11(36)20(40)24(16)44)31(48)54-27-14(5-52-30(6)47)53-34(51)29-28(27)55-32(49)8-3-12(37)21(41)25(45)17(8)18-9(33(50)56-29)4-13(38)22(42)26(18)46/h1-4,14,27-29,34-46,51H,5H2/t14-,27-,28+,29-,34?/m1/s1
    Key: IYMHVUYNBVWXKH-ZITZVVOASA-N
  • InChI=1/C34H24O22/c35-10-1-6-15(23(43)19(10)39)16-7(2-11(36)20(40)24(16)44)31(48)54-27-14(5-52-30(6)47)53-34(51)29-28(27)55-32(49)8-3-12(37)21(41)25(45)17(8)18-9(33(50)56-29)4-13(38)22(42)26(18)46/h1-4,14,27-29,34-46,51H,5H2/t14-,27-,28+,29-,34?/m1/s1
    Key: IYMHVUYNBVWXKH-ZITZVVOABK
  • c1c2c(c(c(c1O)O)O)-c3c(cc(c(c3O)O)O)C(=O)O[C@@H]4[C@@H](COC2=O)OC([C@H]5[C@H]4OC(=O)c6cc(c(c(c6-c7c(cc(c(c7O)O)O)C(=O)O5)O)O)O)O
Properties
C34H24O22
Molar mass 784.544 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Pedunculagin is an ellagitannin. It is formed from casuarictin via the loss of a gallate group.

Contents

Natural occurrence

Pedunculagin is found in plants in orders in the clade Rosidae. It can be found the pericarp of pomegranates (Punica granatum), in the family Lythraceae, in the order Myrtales. [1] It is also found in plants in the order Fagales such as walnuts (Juglans regia) in the family Juglandaceae, [2] in Alnus sieboldiana [3] and in the Manchurian alder (Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla), both species in the family Betulaceae [4] and it is one of the main oak wood ellagitannins along with castalagin, vescalagin, grandinin and roburins A-E (genus Quercus, in the family Fagaceae). [5] It is also found in the Indian gooseberry ( Phyllanthus emblica ), a plant in the family Phyllanthaceae, in the order Malpighiales. [6]

Galloyl pedunculagin can be found in Platycarya strobilacea . [7]

Research

Pedunculagin is a highly active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor in vitro . [1]

Chemistry

A total synthesis of pedunculagin has been reported. [8]

Pedunculagin is an isomer of terflavin B.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ellagic acid</span> Natural phenol antioxidant

Ellagic acid is a polyphenol found in numerous fruits and vegetables. It is the dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Punicalagin</span> Chemical compound

Punicalagin (Pyuni-cala-jen) is an ellagitannin, a type of phenolic compound. It is found as alpha and beta isomers in pomegranates, Terminalia catappa, Terminalia myriocarpa, and in Combretum molle, the velvet bushwillow, a plant species found in South Africa. These three genera are all Myrtales and the last two are both Combretaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor</span> Class of pharmaceuticals

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase. Their clinical use has been established as anti-glaucoma agents, diuretics, antiepileptics, in the management of mountain sickness, gastric and duodenal ulcers, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, neurological disorders, or osteoporosis.

<i>Platycarya strobilacea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Platycarya strobilacea is a species of flowering plant in the family Juglandaceae, formerly treated as comprising the single living species in Platycarya, though a second living species Platycarya longzhouensis is now recognized. It is native to eastern Asia in China, Vietnam, Korea, and Japan.

The ellagitannins are a diverse class of hydrolyzable tannins, a type of polyphenol formed primarily from the oxidative linkage of galloyl groups in 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose. Ellagitannins differ from gallotannins, in that their galloyl groups are linked through C-C bonds, whereas the galloyl groups in gallotannins are linked by depside bonds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corilagin</span> Chemical compound

Corilagin is an ellagitannin. Corilagin was first isolated in 1951 from Dividivi extract and from Caesalpinia coriaria, hence the name of the molecule. It can also be found in Alchornea glandulosa and in the leaves of Punica granatum (pomegranate).

Tergallic acids are trimers of gallic acid, often found naturally in the form of glycosides. Tergallic acid O- or C-glucosides that can be found in acorns of several Quercus (oak) species. The dehydrated tergallic acid C-glucoside and tergallic acid O-glucoside can be characterised in the acorns of Quercus macrocarpa. Dehydrated tergallic-C-glucoside can be found in the cork from Quercus suber.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1,2,3,4,6-Pentagalloyl glucose</span> Chemical compound

1,2,3,4,6-Pentagalloylglucose is the pentagallic acid ester of glucose. It is a gallotannin and the precursor of ellagitannins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Punigluconin</span> Chemical compound

Punigluconin is an ellagitannin, a polyphenol compound. It is found in the bark of Punica granatum (pomegranate) and in Emblica officinalis. It is a molecule having a hexahydroxydiphenic acid group and two gallic acids attached to a gluconic acid core.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Punicalin</span> Chemical compound

Punicalin is an ellagitannin. It can be found in Punica granatum (pomegranate) or in the leaves of Terminalia catappa, a plant used to treat dermatitis and hepatitis. It is also reported in Combretum glutinosum, all three species being Myrtales, the two last being Combretaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Punicafolin</span> Chemical compound

Punicafolin is an ellagitannin from the leaves of Punica granatum (pomegranate) and in Phyllanthus emblica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Granatin A</span> Chemical compound

Granatin A is an ellagitannin found in the pericarp of Punica granatum (pomegranate). It is a weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Granatin B</span> Chemical compound

Granatin B is an ellagitannin found in the fruit of Punica granatum (pomegranate). It is a molecule having an enantiomeric dehydrohexahydroxydiphenoyl group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomegranate ellagitannin</span> Ellagitannins found in the pomegranate fruit

The pomegranate ellagitannins, which include punicalagin isomers, are ellagitannins found in the sarcotestas, rind (peel), bark or heartwood of pomegranates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Casuarinin</span> Chemical compound

Casuarinin is an ellagitannin. It is found in the pericarp of pomegranates. It is also found in Casuarina and Stachyurus species and in Alnus sieboldiana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lambertianin C</span> Chemical compound

Lambertianin C is an ellagitannin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urolithin</span> Group of chemical compounds

Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity in vivo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urolithin A</span> Chemical compound

Urolithin A is a metabolite compound resulting from the transformation of ellagitannins by the gut bacteria. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzo-coumarins or dibenzo-α-pyrones. Its precursors – ellagic acids and ellagitannins – are ubiquitous in nature, including edible plants, such as pomegranates, strawberries, raspberries, walnuts, and others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urolithin B</span> Chemical compound

Urolithin B (UB) is an urolithin, a type of phenolic compounds produced in the human gut after absorption of ellagitannins-containing food such as pomegranate, strawberries, red raspberries, walnuts or oak-aged red wine. Urolithin B is found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tellimagrandin I</span> Chemical compound

Tellimagrandin I is an ellagitannin found in plants, such as Cornus canadensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Melaleuca styphelioides, Rosa rugosa, and walnut. It is composed of two galloyl and one hexahydroxydiphenyl groups bound to a glucose residue. It differs from Tellimagrandin II only by a hydroxyl group instead of a third galloyl group. It is also structurally similar to punigluconin and pedunculagin, two more ellagitannin monomers.

References

  1. 1 2 Satomi, H.; Umemura, K.; Ueno, A.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, T.; Noro, T. (1993). "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of Punica granatum L". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 16 (8): 787–790. doi: 10.1248/bpb.16.787 . PMID   8220326.
  2. Cerdá, B. A.; Tomás-Barberán, F. A.; Espín, J. C. (2005). "Metabolism of Antioxidant and Chemopreventive Ellagitannins from Strawberries, Raspberries, Walnuts, and Oak-Aged Wine in Humans: Identification of Biomarkers and Individual Variability". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (2): 227–235. doi:10.1021/jf049144d. PMID   15656654.
  3. Structures of alnusiin and bicornin, new hydrolyzable tannins having a monolactonized tergalloyl group. Yoshida T, Yazaki K, Memon M.U, Maruyama I, Kurokawa K, Shingu T and Okuda T, Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 1989, volume 37, number 10, pages 2655-2660, INIST : 19467830 (abstract)
  4. Lee, O.; Choi, M.; Ha, S.; Lee, G.; Kim, J.; Park, G.; Lee, M.; Choi, Y.; Kim, M.; Oh, C. H. (2010). "Effect of pedunculagin investigated by non-invasive evaluation on atopic-like dermatitis in NC/Nga mice". Skin Research and Technology. 16 (3): 371–377. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00443.x. PMID   20637007. S2CID   25752299.
  5. Azorín-Ortuño, M. A.; Urbán, C.; Cerón, J. J.; Tecles, F.; Gil-Izquierdo, A.; Pallarés, F. J.; Tomás-Barberán, F. A.; Espín, J. C. (2008). "Safety Evaluation of an Oak-Flavored Milk Powder Containing Ellagitannins upon Oral Administration in the Rat". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (8): 2857–2865. doi:10.1021/jf8000857. PMID   18370397.
  6. Bhattacharya, A.; Chatterjee, A.; Ghosal, S.; Bhattacharya, S. K. (1999). "Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla)". Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 37 (7): 676–680. PMID   10522157.
  7. Ueno, T.; Miyanaga, T.; Kawakami, F.; Okano, M.; Tanaka, T.; Ohtsuki, K. (2002). "Further characterization of galloyl pedunculagin as an effective autophosphorylation inhibitor of C-kinase in vitro". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 25 (11): 1401–1404. doi: 10.1248/bpb.25.1401 . PMID   12419947.
  8. Feldman, K. S.; Smith, R. S. (1996). "Ellagitannin Chemistry. First Total Synthesis of the 2,3- and 4,6-Coupled Ellagitannin Pedunculagin". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 61 (8): 2606–2612. doi:10.1021/jo952130+. PMID   11667089.