List of fortifications in Bosnia and Herzegovina

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This is a list of fortifications in Bosnia and Herzegovina , including fortresses and castles, arranged alphabetically.

Contents

Bosnian archaeologist and historian of the Middle Ages, Pavao Anđelić, posited that Bosnia and Herzegovina is a home of great number of forts, fortresses, castles, including a number of walled city-fortresses, in various degrees of preservation, and built in different stages of Bosnian history. According to his research he argued that at least 350 of these edifices exists on the territory of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, [1] most of which was erected by or belonged to a medieval Bosnian state, while small number in its borderlands simply rests on the territories included into modern state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was largely unchanged, with few very minor exceptions, since 1878. In his book, the Medieval Towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina, historian of architecture of the Middle Ages in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Husref Redžić, described 225 sites in manuscript and 147 in published book. [1]

List

The list is based on body of work in Bosnia and Herzegovinian historiography. [2] [3] [4] [5]

CastleLocationTypeConstructed/
earliest mention
NotesImage
Bijela Tabija Vratnik (Sarajevo) c.1550Bijela Tabija (English: White Bastion) is an old fort overlooking the historic core of Sarajevo. It is a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bijela tabija.JPG
Blagaj Mostar Old Blagaj fort.jpg
Bobovac Vareš/Kraljeva Sutjeska Bobovac.jpg
Bočac Fortress Bočac Tvrdjava Bochats.jpg
Borač Castle Brčigovo Fortified town with noble court1244 (13th century) [6] [3] Borač was noble court of Radinović-Pavlović and one of the largest and most important fortified towns of medieval Bosnia Stari grad Borach - Rogatitsa.jpg
Bosanska Krupa Fortress Bosanska Krupa Bosanska Krupa 1.jpg
Bužim Castle Bužim Buzim Castle, Bosnia-Herzegovina.JPG
Branković Tower Trebinje Kula Brankovitsha.jpg
Captain's Citadel Bihać Bihacka-kula.jpg
Citadel Počitelj Počitelj 1383 Bosnia and Herzegovina-02166 - Pocitelj (10476710854).jpg
Medieval Town of Dubrovnik (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Ilijaš
Stari grad Dubrovnik, Ilijas.jpg
Daorson Ošanjići, Stolac Daorson.jpg
Drijeva Ćapljina 13th c.
Stari grad Gabela (06).jpg
Fazlagić Tower Gacko 1735
Fortress of Doboj Doboj 13th century Doboj fortress!.jpg
Glamoč Fortress Glamoč 14th century Medieval fortress Glamoc.JPG
Gradačac Castle Gradačac 1765 Gradacac 08.JPG
Gradina Pale 15th century Gradina Pavlovica.jpg
Greben Fort Krupa na Vrbasu Tvrdjava Greben 2221dfd.jpg
Hodidjed Sarajevo
Hutovo Fortress Hutovo Blato Hadzibegov grad (5).JPG
Jajce Castle Jajce 14th century Medieval Hill (36735599552).jpg
Kamengrad Fort Sanski Most Kamengrad on the Bliha Donji Kraji Bosnia Kupreskic 16c.png
Kamičak Fort Ključ
Kastel Fortress Banja Luka NKD136 Tvrdava Kastel Banja Luka.jpg
Ključ Castle Gacko
Kljuc, Gacko.jpg
Ključ Fortress Ključ Kljuc, hrad z 14. stol.jpg
Komotin Castle Jajce 14th century
Kotor Castle Kotor Varoš Hrvoje Vukčić's seat, before moving it to Jajce Castle
Kozograd Fojnica The royal summer-residence, King Tomaš office, Queen Katarina last refuge from Ottoman invasion
Ljubuški Fortress Ljubuški Burg Ljubuski, Bosnia and Herzegovina.jpg
Maglaj Fortress Maglaj Gradina 1.JPG
Miljacka, Old Town Pale 15th century Stari grad na sastavcima.jpg
Momčilo's Citadel Drvar
Old town of Visoki Visoko Old town Visoki.jpg
Orašac Fort Kulen Vakuf
Ostrožac Castle Cazin 16th century Utvrda Ostrozac01.JPG
Ostrovica Castle Kulen Vakuf Kulen Vakuf Ostrovica 2.JPG
Pavlovac Castle Prača (Pale-Prača) Fortified town with noble court1392 (14th century) [6] [3] Pavlovac was noble court of Radinović-Pavlović and one of the largest and most important fortified towns of medieval Bosnia Pavlovac.jpg
Prusac Fortress Prusac
Zajimave tvarovane zbytky hradni zdi, Prusac.jpg
Prince Marko's Tower Višegrad Kula Kraljevitsha Marka.jpg
Smajilagić's Citadel, Upper Town Livno Livno Perspektiva3.jpg
Samobor Castle Hladila

Samobor - Stari grad 06.jpg

Sokograd Gerzovo, Mrkonjić Grad 1357 Soko Grad plivski.jpg
Soko Fort [7] Soko, Gračanica
Sokolac Bihać
Sokolacka kula.jpg
Srebrenica Srebrenica 1333 Srebrenica Stari Grad.JPG
Srebrenik Fortress Srebrenik 1333 Let vrtulnikem11 - hrad Srebrenik (13.-18. stol.) jeste lepe.jpg
Stolac / Vidoški Stolac Stari grad Stolac.jpg
Tešanj Castle Tešanj Gradina 1.jpg
Travnik Castle Travnik Travnicka tvrdava.jpg
Tuhaglia Tarčin
Velika Kladuša Castle Velika Kladuša Velika Kladusa, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Castle.JPG
Vinac fortress Vinac Durch Bosnien und die Herzegovina kreuz und quer; Wanderungen (1897) (14595323987).jpg
Visuć Citadel (Black Queen's Citadel) Drvar
Vranduk Fortress Vranduk Vranduk.jpg
Vrnograč Castle Vrnograč, Velika Kladusa Vrnograc Castle, Bosnia-Herzegovina.JPG
Vujadin's Citadel Livno Livno Kula.jpg
Zvečaj Fortress Rekavice Tvrdjava Zvechaj.jpg
Zvornik fortress Zvornikc.12th century Zvornik fortress main structure.jpg
Žuta Tabija Vratnik (Sarajevo) c.1727-1739Žuta Tabija (English: Yellow Bastion), built between 1727 and 1739, is an old fort overlooking the historic core of Sarajevo. It is a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Zuta tabija.jpg
Walled City of Jajce Jajce
Grad Jajce.JPG
Walled City of Počitelj Počitelj
Walled town of Pocitelj (from air).JPG
Walled City of Vratnik Sarajevo c.1727-1739"Walled city of Vratnik" lies within wider eponymous Sarajevo neighborhood, fortified after brief 1697 terror-raid of Prince Eugene of Savoy. In 2005 it's designated national monument of BiH. Vratnik walls, Sarajevo.JPG

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visoko</span> City in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Visoko is a city located in the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of 39,938 inhabitants with 11,205 living in Visoko town. Located between Zenica and Sarajevo, Visoko lies where the river Fojnica joins the Bosna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Podvisoki</span> Medieval and modern settlement in Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Podvisoki was a medieval settlement, a castle town, as part of wider area just beneath of the fortress Visoki, located on the Visočica hill above modern-day Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visoko during the Middle Ages</span> Medieval history of Visoko

The area of today's Visoko is considered to be a nucleus from where Bosnian statehood was developed in 10th century. The expanded valley of the river Bosna around today's Visoko was the biggest agriculture area in central Bosnia, so fertile ground around Visoko was ideal for development of early political center of Bosnian nobility.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stjepan Vukčić Kosača</span> 15th-century Bosnian nobleman

Stjepan Vukčić Kosača was a powerful Bosnian nobleman who was politically active from 1435 to 1465; the last three decades of Bosnian medieval history. During this period, three kings acceded to the Bosnian throne: Tvrtko II, Thomas (Tomaš), Stephen Tomašević (Stjepan Tomašević) and anti-king Radivoj—the older brother of King Thomas—before the country was conquered by the Ottomans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Srebrenik Castle</span> Medieval fortress in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Srebrenik Fortress is a fortress located near the city of Srebrenik in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has been a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2 November 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vrnograč Castle</span>

Vrnograč Castle is a castle in Bosnia and Herzegovina, built during the Middle Ages on the territory of the municipality of Velika Kladuša.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pavlović noble family</span> Medieval Bosnian ducal family

The House of Pavlović, also Radinović or Radenović, or Radinović-Pavlović, whose ancestors Radin Jablanić got their name after Jablanić family founder, his father Jablan, was a medieval Bosnian noble family. Jablan's estate was in Jablan village. Later, family extended their feudal possessions from the Middle and Upper Drina river in the eastern parts of medieval Bosnia to south-southeastern regions of the Bosnian realm in Hum, and Konavle at the Adriatic coast. The family official residence and seat was at Borač and later Pavlovac, above the Prača river canyon, between present-day Prača, Rogatica and Goražde in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ostrovica Castle</span> Medieval castle in Ostrovica, Bosnia

The Ostrovica Castle is a large medieval structure situated above the small village of Ostrovica near Kulen Vakuf, Bihać municipality, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Having been built on a heavily wooded ridge of a steep hill overlooking left bank of the shallow Una river, the castle was located on a strategic site connecting the northern and southern parts of the long Una valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Borač (fortress)</span>

The Borač Castle was a noble court and one of the largest and most important fortified towns of medieval Bosnia, situated on top of rugged slopes high above the Prača river canyon, between Mesići and Brčigovo, near modern-day Rogatica, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The fortified castle was a seat of the Pavlović noble family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drina (župa)</span>

Drina was a medieval župa (parish), and later zemlja, located in what is now Podrinje, the region in the Drina river valley, shared by (eastern) Bosnia and Herzegovina and (western) Serbia. Its location and spreading is unclear, although assumed to be located in middle and upper course of the river Drina, on its left bank in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Podrinje was part of the first Serbian principality, in the Early Middle Ages. John Kinnamos (1143–1185) noted that the river Drina separated Bosnia from Serbia, while one Papal document from 1187 erroneously identified Bosnia as part of Serbia. Early medieval Bosnian state included regions on the left bank of the Drina, where the župa was located. Bosnian noble family of Pavlović ruled the region, along with other feudal possessions that extended from the middle and Upper Drina river to the south-southeastern regions of the Bosnian realm in Hum and Konavle at the Adriatic coast. The family official residence and seat was at Borač and later Pavlovac, above the Prača river canyon, between present-day Prača, Rogatica and Goražde. Also, it was part of the dominion of the Kosača noble family, while another lesser Bosnian noble family had their possessions in the region, namely Dinjčić noble family's.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pavlovac (fortress)</span>

The Pavlovac Castle was a noble court and one of the largest and most important fortified towns of medieval Bosnia, situated on top of rugged slopes high above the Prača river canyon, near modern days Prača village, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The fortified castle was a seat of the medieval Bosnian noble family Radinović-Pavlović.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pavao Anđelić</span> Archaeologist and historian from Bosnia

Pavao Anđelić (1920-1985) was a Bosnian lawyer, archaeologist and historian. He mainly studied the history of medieval Bosnia and is noted for archeological work done at Mile and historically rich areal surrounding modern town of Visoko, as well as Kraljeva Sutjeska and Bobovac.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Travnik Castle</span>

Travnik Castle, locally known as Stari Grad Castle, is a medieval town-fortress complex in the town of Travnik, Central Bosnia Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ključ Castle (Gacko)</span> Medieval castle in Ključ near Gacko, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ključ fortrass, locally known as Stari grad Ključ, is a medieval castle complex in the village of Ključ, Gacko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The historic area includes the Ključ fortress, the Podključ castle town as part of a wider area just beneath of the fortress, the Ključ Mosque with a harem. The site has been declared a National monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Kozograd or Old town of Kozograd is the name of a medieval fortress whose remains are located in the municipality of Fojnica, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is an archeological site of significant historical value. Although it is one of the least explored fortresses in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is known that in 1444 it temporarily housed the official chancery of King Tomaš, and that in 1463, after the arrival of the Ottomans, the Bosnian queen Katarina stayed there before moving on to Rome. It was declared a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina at a session held from November 4 to 6, 2015. The National Monument is an unexplored archeological site and consists of the remains of medieval ramparts, towers, wells and ditches in the southern portion of the fortress.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ključ Castle (Ključ)</span>

Ključ Fortress is a medieval fortress in Bosnia and Herzegovina, above the modern-day town of Ključ. It is located on an elongated slope on high rocks that dominate the valley of the river Sana. Before it was redeveloped, there was a small ancient fortress from Roman times.

The Kamengrad Fort is a medieval ruin located on a plateau above the settlement of Donji Kamengrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ljubuški Fortress</span>

Ljubuški Fortress, also known as Herceg Stjepan's Fortress, or the Old town of Ljubuški, is a medieval fortress in the municipality of Ljubuški, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Borak necropolis</span> Medieval stećak necropolis in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Borak necropolis with stećaks is located in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the hill of Borak, next to the village of Burati, at an altitude of 140m. To the right of the main road Sokolac-Rogatica. The national monument is located in the location that includes Kramer village, Rogatica municipality. 212 visible stećaks were recorded at the necropolis, of which the greater number are oriented in the east–west direction, and the smaller number are in the north–south direction.

Husref Redžić was a Bosnian architect, historian of architecture, specifically Islamic and medieval art and Islamic and medieval architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Yugoslavia.

References

  1. 1 2 Redžić, Husref (2009). "RIJEČ UREDNIKA". Srednjovjekovni gradovi u Bosni i Hercegovini (in Bosnian). Sarajevo Publishing. ISBN   978-9958-21-511-7 . Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  2. Marko Vego (1957). Naselja bosanske srednjevjekovne države (in Bosnian). Sarajevo: Svjetlost.
  3. 1 2 3 Alija Bejtić (1966). Rogatica, Srednji vijek (in Bosnian). Sarajevo: Svjetlost.
  4. Desanka Kovačević-Kojić (1987). Gradska naselja srednjovjekovne Bosanske države (in Bosnian). Sarajevo: Veselin Masleša.
  5. Đurđević, Tihomir (1991). Srednjovekovni gradovi uz Vrbas i Sanu. Muzej Bosanske Krajine.
  6. 1 2 "Borak (Han-stjenički plateau) necropolis with stećak tombstones in the village of Burati, the historic site". Commission to preserve national monuments (in Bosnian). Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  7. "Mediaeval fort of Soko in Sokol, the architectural ensemble". old.kons.gov.ba (in English and Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Commission to preserve national monuments (published 12 May 2003). 17 June 2020.

Further reading