List of information graphics software

Last updated

This is a list of software to create any kind of information graphics:

Contents

SoftwareExample(s)InterfaceLicence(s)Initial Release YearLatest ReleaseOperating systemDistinguishing features
LicenseOpen Source (yes/no)
Kst GUI, CLIGPLYes20042021, v 2.0.xLinux, Windows, Macfast real-time large-dataset plotting and viewing tool with basic data analysis functionality
AIDA LGPL Yes2001October 2003 / 3.2.1Open interfaces and formats for particle physics data processing
Algebrator GUI ProprietaryNo19992009 / 4.2 Linux, Mac OS X , Sugar, Windows2D graphs
Archim drawing 2D and 3D graphs freeware No20072008WindowsGraphs in polar (or other) coordinates become specific cases of parametric graphs.
Baudline Baudline spectro1.png GUIProprietaryNo2000July 21, 2010 / 1.08 FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, SolarisSignal analysis tool
D3js JavaScript library BSD Yes2011August 25, 2018 / 5.7.0web browsers, js enginesstatic and dynamic presentations
DADiSP Dadisp01.png GUI, command line, SPL script languageProprietaryNo1987January 17, 2017 / 6.7 B02WindowsNumerical analysis and signal processing with a spreadsheet-like interface
DAP GNU-style copyleft [1] Yes1998April 16, 2014 / 3.10Statistics
Datacopia Datacopia Chart Examples.png GUI (web based) Freemium No2012Windows, Linux, Mac, iOS, AndroidGenerates a ranked list of several plots & visualizations based on an analysis of the data provided, allowing the user to choose their favorite graphic, share it, and export it as an image.
DataGraph GUI, command lineProprietaryNo2006February 17, 2020 / 4.5.1macOS2D graphing, animations, data analysis, linear and non-linear curve fitting.
DataScene GUI Shareware No2009March 2011 / 3.0.7Linux, Unix/X11, Windows2D & 3D graphing, animated graphs, data analysis, curve fitting, and data monitoring.
ECharts GUI (web based), TypeScript Charting LibraryApache 2.0Yes2013July 18, 2023 / 5.4.3Any (Web-based application)Typescript based interactive graphic library
EditGrid GUI (web based)No2006Any (Web-based application)Online spreadsheet; service due to end May 1, 2014
EJS HomePageEjsSplash.png GUIGPLYes2014Linux, Mac OS X, WindowsCreates ODE solving interactive, ready-to-publish Java applets
Epi Info GPLYes1985February 2, 2018 / 7.2.2.6WindowsStatistics
EViews ProprietaryNo1994June 21, 2017 / 10Statistics
Fityk Fityk screenshot.png GUI, command lineGPLYes2004December 19, 2016 / 1.3.1Linux, Mac OS X, Windowsspecialized in curve fitting
FlexPro ProprietaryNo19912017MS Windows only
FreeMat FreeMat.gif GPL [2] Yes2004June 30, 2013 / 4.2Linux, Mac OS X, Windows
FusionCharts JavaScript Charting Library.jpg GUI (web based), JavaScript Charting Library Proprietary No2002November 1, 2016 / 3.11.3All Web Browsers (including IE 6), JS EnginesInteractive JavaScript Charts for your Web & Mobile applications. Get 90+ chart types and 965 maps, readymade business dashboards and demos.
GeoGebra Geogebra software.png GUIGPL with non-commercial restriction [3] Yes2001September 3, 2017 / 6.0.385.0Linux, Mac OS X, Sugar, Windows, AndroidVery good for rendering Geometry, Graphs, Statistical Diagrams, (LaTeX) Formula Rendering. All antialiased in PNG Export. Export to SVG, EPS, EMF, PNG, PDF.
Gephi Gephi 0.9.1 Network Analysis and Visualization Software.png GUIGPLv3 / CDDL 1.0Yes2008February 14, 2016 / 0.9.1Linux, Mac OS X, WindowsNetworks and complex systems, dynamic and hierarchical graphs
ggplot2 R GPL2Yes2007December 30, 2016 / 2.2.1Cross-platformBased on "The Grammar of Graphics"
Grafana
Grafana Dashboard.jpg
GUI (web based) GNU Affero General Public License 3.0 Yes2014August 1 2022 / 9.0.6All Web BrowsersDiagrams, Live Data Analysis, Public Dashboards
Gnumeric GUIGPL [4] Yes2001August 19, 2018 / 1.12.43 Cross-platform Spreadsheet
GNU Octave Octave session.png GUI, command line, C, C++, FortranGPLYes1993April 13, 2023 / 8.2.0 FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, OS/2 (including eComStation and ArcaOS), Solaris, Windows, AndroidMATLAB compatible, built-in ODE and DAE solvers, extensive user contributed toolboxes
Gnuplot Foucault-anim.gif Command line, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk, third-party GUIsOwn licenseYes1986June 4, 2018 / 5.2.4Amiga, Atari ST, BeOS, Linux, Mac, MS-DOS, OS/2 (including eComStation and ArcaOS), OS-9/68k, Ultrix, Windows, VMS, AndroidBuilt in scripting language
GrADS command lineGPLYes1988April 25, 2018 / 2.2.1Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Solaris, IBM AIX, DEC Alpha, IRIXVisualization of Earth science data
GraphPad Prism GUIproprietaryNo1989October 12, 2016 / 7.0bMac, Windows
Grace Grace-screenshot.png Command line, GUI, various APIsGPLYes1998February 14, 2015 / 5.1.25Linux, Mac(X11), Windows (cygwin)Uses Motif; fork of Xmgr
Graphviz DOT language CPL Yes1991December 25, 2016 / 2.40.1Linux, Mac OS X, Windows
gretl GUI GPL Yes2000September 3, 2018 / 2018cLinux, Mac, WindowsSpecialized in econometrics and time series analyses, built-in scripting language, interface to gnuplot and R
HippoDraw GPL v2Yes1992October 2007 / 1.21.3C++-based data analysis system
IGOR Pro IGOR Pro sample plot.png GUIproprietaryNo1989April 11, 2019 / 8.0.3Mac, Windows3D and volume visualization, Curve and peak fitting, Signal processing, Image processing
ILNumerics Math library for .NET / C# GPL / proprietaryNo2006June 11, 2015 / v4.8Windows and LinuxMath library with rich visualization features (interactive 3D scenes, scientific plotting) and MATLAB-like syntax.
Ipe IpeClipping.png GUI, XML GPLYes1993December 10, 2016 / 7.2.7Linux, Mac, Windows, OS/XIPE Graphics with LaTeX equations or notations can be stored as PDF files (not only exported to PDF) and be included in LaTeX documents. pdftoipe allows any PDF graph to be edited in Ipe.
JFreeChart JFree-screenshot.png GUI, Java, Groovy LGPLYes2000November 5, 2017 / 1.5.0Any (Java)
JMP JMP Graph Sample.png GUI, scriptingproprietaryNo1989March 9, 2021 / 16.0Mac, WindowsInteractive statistical graphics
KChart KChart-screenshot.png GUIGPLYes2010March 21, 2017 / 3.0.1Linux (KDE)The charting tool of Calligra Suite, an integrated graphic art and office suite developed by KDE.
Kig GUIGPLYes2006Geometry diagrams only
LabPlot LabPlot 2.9.0 Screenshot.png GUI, Qt, C++GPLYes2001March 21, 2023 / 2.10.0Linux (KDE), Windows, Mac OS X2D plotting, suitable for creation of publication-ready plots but also for data visualization and exploration, data import from many formats(ASCII, binary, HDF5, FITS, JSON, etc.), export to vector and raster images, data analysis (nonlinear curve fitting in 2D, FFT, smoothing, integration and differentiation, etc.), digitizing of raster images, live data plotting, support for different CAS like Maxima, Octave, R, etc.
LabVIEW ProprietaryNo1986May 2017 / 2017Visual circuits modeling
LibreOffice
Libreoffice-calc.png
GUI MPL-2.0 Yes2011September 8, 2022 / 7.3.6Linux, Mac OS X, WindowsSpreadsheet, Diagrams, Statistical Functions
LiSiCA LiSiCA 2d output.png Python No2015Windows, LinuxLigand-based virtual screening software that searches for 2D and 3D similarities between a reference compound and a database of target compounds.
MagicPlot GUIProprietaryNo2008January 18, 2021 / 3.0Any (Java)Nonlinear fitting, batch processing
Maple MaplePlot.jpeg GUI, command lineProprietaryNo1982May 25, 2017 / 2017Linux, Mac OS X, Windows
MathCad GUIProprietaryNo1986March 6, 2017 / Prime 4.0, November 2015 / 15.0 M045WindowsSimple GUI driven interface
Mathematica Mathematica Image.png GUI, command line, C++ProprietaryNo198813.3.1 (August 16, 2023;44 days ago (2023-08-16)) [±] [5] Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Raspberry Pi [6] Computer algebra, statistics and numerical analysis system with general graphic language. See Wolfram Language.
MATLAB MATLAB mesh sinc3D.svg GUIProprietaryNo1979September 20, 2017 / R2017bLinux, Mac OS X, WindowsMatrix system
Maxima GUI, command lineGPLYes1982October 3, 2017 / 5.41.0BSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Unix, Windows, AndroidVarious graphical user interfaces, Support LaTeX with GNU TeXmacs and Web frontend with SageMath
MayaVi Mayavi.png GUI, Python, scriptable, embeddableBSDYes2019August 3, 2018 / 4.6.2Linux, Mac OS X, WindowsVisualises computational grids, scalar/vector/tensor data. Texture & ray-cast mappers.
MedCalc GUIProprietaryNo1993August 17, 2017 / 17.9WindowsStatistics
Microsoft Excel GUI Proprietary No1987Mac OS X, Windows Spreadsheet
NCSS (statistical software) GUIProprietaryNo1981May 2, 2016 / NCSS 11WindowsStatistical Analysis and Statistical Graphics software
Nucalc GUIproprietaryNo1994Mac OS, Mac OS X, Windows
Numbers (iWork) GUI Proprietary No2007March 28, 2017 / 4.1Mac OS XSpreadsheet
OpenDX GUIProprietaryNo1991January 19, 2006 / 4.4.0Cross-platform
OpenOffice.org Calc GUI GNU LGPL Yes2002January 25, 2011 / 3.3 Cross-platform Spreadsheet
OpenPlaG OpenPlaG1.png GUIGPLYes2007June 12, 2018 / 3.5Any (PHP 5)graph plotter to use on websites
Orange Paint Data - example workflow.png GUI, Python scriptingGPLYes1996September 3, 2017 / 3.5Linux, Windows, Mac OS XA visual programming data-flow software suite with widgets for statistical data analysis, interactive data visualization, data mining, and machine learning.
Origin GUI, COM, C/C++ and scriptingproprietaryNo1992June 22, 2017 / 2017 SR2WindowsMulti-layer 2D, 3D and statistical graphs for science and engineering. Built-in digitizing tool. Auto-recalculation and reporting. Programmable, with access to NAG Numerical Library.
ParaView GUI, Python scriptingGPLYes2002June 19, 2018 / 5.5.2Linux/Unix, Mac OS X, WindowsParallel scientific and Computational Fluid Dynamics visualizations
PDL Pdl-plot.png Artistic License / GPLYes1996May 6, 2018 / 2.019Perl Data Language
PGPLOT FORTRAN, CNo1983February 26, 2001 / 5.2.2Linux, Mac, Windows(Fortran) California Institute of Technology, Inactive as of 2001
ploticus Ploticus wikipedia stats.png Command line, CGPLYes1999May 2013 / 2.42Linux, Mac, Windowsplots and charts from data
Plotly Plotly screenshot.png GUI, command line Python CommercialNo2012Any (web-based)plots and charts in browser, web-sharing and exporting, drag-and-drop data import, Python command line
plotutils command line, C/C++GPLYes1989September 27, 2009 / 2.6Linux, Mac, WindowsCollection of command line programs, C/C++ API
PLplot Plplot.png Ada, C/C++/D, Fortran 77/90, C, C++, Java, Lisp, Lua, OCaml, Octave, Perl, Python, Tcl/TkLGPLYes2001August 26, 2017 / 5.13.0Linux, Mac, WindowsMany different output formats: CGM, GIF, Jpeg, Png, Latex, PBM, PDF, Postscript, SVG, XFig, Qt, wxWidgets
PSPP GUI, command line GPL Yes1997August 20, 2017 / 1.0.0Linux, Mac, WindowsStatistical analysis of sampled data. Free replacement for SPSS.
QtiPlot GUI, PythonproprietaryNo2004May 31, 2017 / 0.9.9.11Linux, Mac, WindowsPython scriptable
R Plots from lm example.svg Third party GPL Yes1993July 2, 2018 / 3.5.1("Feather Spray")Linux, Mac, WindowsIn addition to base graphics, has a large number of graphics packages including lattice and ggplot2 . [7] Interoperabile with other free software packages.
ROOT 2D ROI.jpg GUI, C++, Python, RubyLGPLYes1994August 23, 2018 / 6.14.04Linux, Mac, WindowsDe facto standard in high energy physics
RRDtool Rrddemo.png Command lineGPLYes1999May 17, 2017 / 1.7.0Linux, Windows
S-PLUS ProprietaryNo1988November 2010 / 8.2Statistics
S 1976Statistics
SAS System ProprietaryNo1972July 10, 2013 / 9.4Statistics
Scilab Scilab en.png CeCILLYes1990February 14, 2019 / 6.0.2Linux, Mac OS X, WindowsMatrix system
SciPy, NumPy, matplotlib modules for Python Logarithmic Spiral Pylab.svg Python, GUI, command lineBSD/matplotlibYes2003June 21, 2017 / 0.19.1, July 6, 2017 / 1.13.1, May 10, 2017 / 2.0.2FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, WindowsExtensive numerical and scientific library with MATLAB-style plotting
SOCR Yes2002A suite of online tools for statistical computing
Sonic Visualiser GUI GPL Yes2010August 14, 2018 / 3.1.1 Linux, MacOS, Windows
SPSS GUI, command lineProprietaryNo1968August 8, 2017 / 25.0Statistics
Stata ProprietaryNo1985June 6, 2017 / 15.0Statistics
Statgraphics Response plot.png GUIProprietaryNo1980July 2015 / 17.1.08WindowsStatistical software package for exploratory data analysis, dynamic data visualization, statistical modeling, design of experiments, time series forecasting, quality improvement and Six Sigma.
Statistical Lab Yes2005May 2, 2011 / 3.81
Systat ProprietaryNo1979Statistics
SymPy Sympy plot screenshot.png BSDYes2007September 14, 2018 / 1.3Linux, Mac OS X, WindowsPython library for computer algebra and symbolic mathematics
Sysquake GUI, command lineProprietaryNo2001November 5, 2013 / 5.0Linux, Mac OS X, WindowsMATLAB compatible, interactive graphics
SciDAVis Scidavis 0.1.0 screenshot.png GUI, PythonGPLYes2007June 4, 2018 / 1.23Linux, Mac, WindowsQt4-based GUI, Python scriptable
SigmaPlot GUIproprietaryNo19832014 / 13.0.0Windows
TAChart Simthyr 3.1 on openSUSE 11.png Charting librarymodified LGPLYes2012November 13, 2016 / 1.6.2Linux, Mac OS X, WindowsVery flexible charting component for Lazarus / Free Pascal.
Tableau GUIProprietaryNo2003WindowsSpreadsheet
Tecplot Tecplot 3d vortices.jpg GUIproprietaryNo19882016 / 2016Linux, Mac, UNIX, Windows Computational Fluid Dynamics
Teechart TeeChart Gallery.png Charting libraryOpen SourceYes1995April 26, 2021Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, AndroidFull set of chart types, maps & gauges, interactive, real-time, PNG, JPEG export, cross-browser support, integration with WordPress, Drupal, Node.js, Joomla, TypeScript, NuGet among others.
think-cell chart GUIproprietaryNo2002WindowsSupport for waterfall, Marimekko and Gantt charts. Direct integration into Microsoft PowerPoint.
Veusz Veusz screenshot 1.3.png GUI, Python, command lineGPLYes2007October 7, 2021 / 3.4Mac, Unix, WindowsCreate publication-quality PS/PDF plots, Python scripting and plugin interface
Visifire Independent of server side scriptingProprietaryNo2008June 5, 2014 / 5.1.7-0Mac, Windows
VisIt Rayleigh-Taylor instability.jpg GUI, C++, Python, and JavaBSDYes2002May 2018 / 2.13.2Linux, Mac, WindowsDesigned to handle very large data sets
Webix JavaScript library GPLV3/Proprietary [8] Yes2013June 27, 2017 / 4.4Cross platforms, cross browsersJavaScript/HTML5 based; More than 75 widgets and controls; Maps; Charts; DataTables; Organograms; Gauge charts
World Programming System (WPS Analytics) GUI, command lineProprietaryNo2002March 2020 / v4.2AIX, Linux, Linux for Arm8 64-bit (AArch64), macOS, PowerLinux, POWER/System p/pSeries (LE), Windows, Linux for System z, z/OSStatistics. Handles very large data sets. Supports mixing Python, R, SAS and SQL languages within a single user program
XGraph GUI, command lineProprietaryNo1985July 2018 / v4.38Linux, Windows, Mac, FreeBSD, Sun SolarisInteractive and batch 2D data file plotting
Zoho Office Suite GUI (web based) Proprietary No2005Any (web-based application)Online spreadsheet

Vector graphics

Vector graphics software can be used for manual graphing or for editing the output of another program. Please see:

A few online editors using vector graphics for specific needs have been created.[ citation needed ] This kind of creative interfaces work well together with data visualization tools like the ones above.[ citation needed ]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphic design</span> Interdisciplinary branch of design and of the fine arts

Graphic design is a profession, academic discipline and applied art whose activity consists in projecting visual communications intended to transmit specific messages to social groups, with specific objectives. Graphic design is an interdisciplinary branch of design and of the fine arts. Its practice involves creativity, innovation and lateral thinking using manual or digital tools, where it is usual to use text and graphics to communicate visually.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raster graphics</span> Matrix-based data structure

In computer graphics and digital photography, a raster graphics represents a two-dimensional picture as a rectangular matrix or grid of square pixels, viewable via a computer display, paper, or other display medium. A raster is technically characterized by the width and height of the image in pixels and by the number of bits per pixel. Raster images are stored in image files with varying dissemination, production, generation, and acquisition formats.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format for defining two-dimensional graphics, having support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium since 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vector graphics</span> Computer graphics images defined by points, lines and curves

Vector graphics is a form of computer graphics in which visual images are created directly from geometric shapes defined on a Cartesian plane, such as points, lines, curves and polygons. The associated mechanisms may include vector display and printing hardware, vector data models and file formats, as well as the software based on these data models. Vector graphics is an alternative to raster or bitmap graphics, with each having advantages and disadvantages in specific situations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wolfram Mathematica</span> Computational software program

Wolfram Mathematica is a software system with built-in libraries for several areas of technical computing that allow machine learning, statistics, symbolic computation, data manipulation, network analysis, time series analysis, NLP, optimization, plotting functions and various types of data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other programming languages. It was conceived by Stephen Wolfram, and is developed by Wolfram Research of Champaign, Illinois. The Wolfram Language is the programming language used in Mathematica. Mathematica 1.0 was released on June 23, 1988 in Champaign, Illinois and Santa Clara, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">R (programming language)</span> Programming language for statistics

R is a programming language for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Created by statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is used among data miners, bioinformaticians and statisticians for data analysis and developing statistical software. The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages containing reusable code and documentation.

In computer graphics, graphics software refers to a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate images or models visually on a computer.

A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing phenomena for which location is important. The GIS software industry encompasses a broad range of commercial and open-source products that provide some or all of these capabilities within various information technology architectures.

PSTricks is a set of macros that allow the inclusion of PostScript drawings directly inside TeX or LaTeX source code. It was originally written by Timothy Van Zandt and has been maintained in recent years by Denis Girou, Sebastian Rahtz and Herbert Voss.

A number of vector graphics editors exist for various platforms. Potential users of these editors will make a comparison of vector graphics editors based on factors such as the availability for the user's platform, the software license, the feature set, the merits of the user interface (UI) and the focus of the program. Some programs are more suitable for artistic work while others are better for technical drawings. Another important factor is the application's support of various vector and bitmap image formats for import and export.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GeoGebra</span> Interactive geometry, algebra and calculus application

GeoGebra is an interactive geometry, algebra, statistics and calculus application, intended for learning and teaching mathematics and science from primary school to university level. GeoGebra is available on multiple platforms, with apps for desktops, tablets and web. It is presently owned by Indian edutech firm Byju's.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphic art software</span> Subclass of application software

Graphic art software is a subclass of application software used for graphic design, multimedia development, stylized image development, technical illustration, general image editing, or simply to access graphic files. Art software uses either raster or vector graphic reading and editing methods to create, edit, and view art.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Data and information visualization</span> Visual representation of data

Data and information visualization is the practice of designing and creating easy-to-communicate and easy-to-understand graphic or visual representations of a large amount of complex quantitative and qualitative data and information with the help of static, dynamic or interactive visual items. Typically based on data and information collected from a certain domain of expertise, these visualizations are intended for a broader audience to help them visually explore and discover, quickly understand, interpret and gain important insights into otherwise difficult-to-identify structures, relationships, correlations, local and global patterns, trends, variations, constancy, clusters, outliers and unusual groupings within data. When intended for the general public to convey a concise version of known, specific information in a clear and engaging manner, it is typically called information graphics.

PGF/Ti<i>k</i>Z Graphics languages

PGF/TikZ is a pair of languages for producing vector graphics from a geometric/algebraic description, with standard features including the drawing of points, lines, arrows, paths, circles, ellipses and polygons. PGF is a lower-level language, while TikZ is a set of higher-level macros that use PGF. The top-level PGF and TikZ commands are invoked as TeX macros, but in contrast with PSTricks, the PGF/TikZ graphics themselves are described in a language that resembles MetaPost. Till Tantau is the designer of the PGF and TikZ languages. He is also the main developer of the only known interpreter for PGF and TikZ, which is written in TeX. PGF is an acronym for "Portable Graphics Format". TikZ was introduced in version 0.95 of PGF, and it is a recursive acronym for "TikZ ist kein Zeichenprogramm".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ConceptDraw DIAGRAM</span>

ConceptDraw DIAGRAM is proprietary diagramming software used to create business graphics, including: diagrams, flowcharts, Infographics, data visualization for business process models, data presentation and project management documentation. It can also be used for creating professional and technical diagrams, such as: UML diagrams, DFD, ERD, computer networks topology, engineering schemes, floor plans, and other technical graphic formats. The program was developed by CS Odessa in 1999. Since 2008, it has formed a part of ConceptDraw OFFICE. A set of solution add-ons that include collections of task-oriented templates and vector stencils libraries, have been released for ConceptDraw DIAGRAM, relating to certain industry-specific graphical tasks. The software also contains a set of tools for vector graphics drawing, along with a built-in presentation mode.

References

  1. "The Dap Project for Statistics and Graphics" . Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  2. "Homepage". FreeMat website. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  3. The International GeoGebra Institute (April 2013). "GeoGebra Non-Commercial License Agreement". GeoGebra website. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  4. "Welcome to Gnumeric!". Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  5. "Mathematica Quick Revision History" . Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  6. Raspberry Pi now includes Mathematica and Wolfram Language for free | The Verge
  7. Lewin-Koh, Nicholas (7 January 2015). "CRAN Task View: Graphic Displays & Dynamic Graphics & Graphic Devices & Visualization".
  8. Webix - Buy