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A utopia typically describes an imaginary community or society that possesses highly desirable or near-perfect qualities for its members. It was coined by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia, which describes a fictional island society in the New World.
An ecovillage is a traditional or intentional community that aims to become more socially, culturally, economically and/or environmentally sustainable. An ecovillage strives to have the least possible negative impact on the natural environment through the intentional physical design and behavioural choices of its inhabitants. It is consciously designed through locally owned, participatory processes to regenerate and restore its social and natural environments. Most range from a population of 50 to 250 individuals, although some are smaller, and traditional ecovillages are often much larger. Larger ecovillages often exist as networks of smaller sub-communities. Some ecovillages have grown through like-minded individuals, families, or other small groups—who are not members, at least at the outset—settling on the ecovillage's periphery and participating de facto in the community. There are currently more than 10,000 ecovillages around the world.
Hutterites, also called Hutterian Brethren, are a communal ethnoreligious branch of Anabaptists, who, like the Amish and Mennonites, trace their roots to the Radical Reformation of the early 16th century and have formed intentional communities.
Cohousing is an intentional, self-governing, cooperative community where residents live in private homes often clustered around shared space. The term originated in Denmark in the late 1960s. Families live in attached or single-family homes with traditional amenities, usually including a private kitchenette. As part of the communal orientation, shared spaces typically feature a common house, which may include a large kitchen and dining area, laundry, and recreational spaces. Walkways, open space, parking, playgrounds and gardens are common examples of shared outdoor spaces designed to promote social interactions. Neighbors also often share resources like tools, babysitting and creative skills.
Twin Oaks Community is an ecovillage and intentional community of about one hundred people living on 450 acres (1.8 km2) in Louisa County, Virginia. It is a member of the Federation of Egalitarian Communities. Founded in 1967, it is one of the longest-enduring and largest secular intentional communities in North America. The community's core values are cooperation, egalitarianism, nonviolence, sustainability, and income sharing. About 100 adults and 17 children live in the community.
The Bruderhof is a communal Anabaptist Christian movement that was founded in Germany in 1920 by Eberhard Arnold. The movement has communities in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Paraguay, and Australia. The Bruderhof practises believer's baptism, non-violence and peacemaking, common ownership, the proclamation of the gospel, and lifelong faithfulness in marriage. The Bruderhof is an intentional community as defined by the Fellowship for Intentional Community.
An intentional community is a voluntary residential community designed to foster a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork. Members typically unite around shared values, beliefs, or a common vision, which may be political, religious, spiritual, or simply focused on the practical benefits of cooperation and mutual support. While some groups emphasise shared ideologies, others are centred on enhancing social connections, sharing resources, and creating meaningful relationships.
An alternative lifestyle or unconventional lifestyle is a lifestyle perceived to be outside the norm for a given culture. The term alternative lifestyle is often used pejoratively. Description of a related set of activities as alternative is a defining aspect of certain subcultures.
Common ownership refers to holding the assets of an organization, enterprise, or community indivisibly rather than in the names of the individual members or groups of members as common property. Forms of common ownership exist in every economic system. Common ownership of the means of production is a central goal of socialist political movements as it is seen as a necessary democratic mechanism for the creation and continued function of a communist society. Advocates make a distinction between collective ownership and common property as the former refers to property owned jointly by agreement of a set of colleagues, such as producer cooperatives, whereas the latter refers to assets that are completely open for access, such as a public park freely available to everyone.
Albert Kealiinui Bates is a member of the intentional community and ecovillage movements. A lawyer, author and teacher, he has been director of the Global Village Institute for Appropriate Technology since 1984 and of the Ecovillage Training Center at The Farm in Summertown, Tennessee, since 1994.
The Foundation for Intentional Community (FIC), formerly the Fellowship of Intentional Communities then the Fellowship for Intentional Community, provides publications, referrals, support services, and "sharing opportunities" for a wide range of intentional communities including: cohousing groups, community land trusts, communal societies, class-harmony communities, housing cooperatives, cofamilies, and ecovillages, along with community networks, support organizations, and people seeking a home in community. The FIC is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization in the United States.
Findhorn Ecovillage, known in the past as the Findhorn Community, and also referred to as Ecovillage Findhorn, is an experimental and utopian community project based at The Park, in Moray, Scotland, near the village of Findhorn focused on ecological solutions to the world's crises and reconnecting humans to nature and spirituality. It has recently been bought out by its community residents, introducing full democracy for the first time, as the residents aim to regenerate the economy and the community after a series of shocks to its economy and facilities, caused by Brexit, Covid-19, arson, energy inflation and decades of an aging population and old leadership.
Diana Leafe Christian is an author, former editor of Communities magazine, and nationwide speaker and workshop presenter on starting new ecovillages, on sustainability, on building communities, and on governance by sociocracy. She lives in an off-grid homestead at Earthaven Ecovillage in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina, U.S. She has said that living in an intentional community "is the longest, most expensive, personal growth workshop you will ever take," though others are also associated with this quotation and it's unclear who originated it.
Intentional living is any lifestyle based on an individual's or group's conscious attempts to live according to their values and beliefs. These can include lifestyles based on religious, political or ethical values, as well as for self-improvement.
The Brotherhood Church is a Christian anarchist and pacifist community. An intentional community with Quaker origins has been located at Stapleton, near Pontefract, Yorkshire, since 1921.
Utopian socialism is the term often used to describe the first current of modern socialism and socialist thought as exemplified by the work of Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, Étienne Cabet, and Robert Owen. Utopian socialism is often described as the presentation of visions and outlines for imaginary or futuristic ideal societies, with positive ideals being the main reason for moving society in such a direction. Later socialists and critics of utopian socialism viewed utopian socialism as not being grounded in actual material conditions of existing society. These visions of ideal societies competed with revolutionary and social democratic movements.
Yaacov Oved is a historian and Professor Emeritus in the Department of History at Tel Aviv University, member of Kibbutz Palmachim, research fellow at Yad Tabenkin: the institute of research and documentation of the kibbutz movement, researcher of the history of communes in the world and co- founder of the International Communal Studies Association.
The Enright Ridge Urban Eco-village, Inc. (ERUEV) is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization located in the East Price Hill neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio.
Earthaven is an ecovillage in Western North Carolina, about 50 minutes from Asheville.
References
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- ↑ "Bruderhof - Fellowship for Intentional Community". Fellowship for Intentional Community. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
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- ↑ "Crna Gora jes' malena…al će biti libertarijanska?". vijesti.me.
- ↑ "Las ecoaldeas en la península ibérica". news.soliclima.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-03-19.
- ↑ "QUE HACER PARA VISITAR LA ECOALDEA" [What to do to visit La Ecoaldea]. Ecoaldea Vegetariana ESPIRAL (in Portuguese). 2012-06-20. Retrieved 2023-03-19.[ better source needed ]
- ↑ Sanborn, Josh (March 1996), Review of Edgerton, William, ed., Memoirs of Peasant Tolstoyans in Soviet Russia, H-Russia, H-Review, archived from the original on June 21, 2018, retrieved October 7, 2018
- ↑ "Lakabe Ecovillage | GEN sites". sites.ecovillage.org. Retrieved 2016-05-12.
- ↑ "Familiafeliz | .EU". www.familiafeliz.eu. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
- ↑ Dodd, Liz (5 December 2014). "UK initiatives seek monastic renewal". National Catholic Reporter . Vol. 51, no. 4. Retrieved 15 January 2019– via The Free Library.
- ↑ See "crass retirement cottage," nest magazine #21, summer 2003, pp 106-121
- ↑ Harris, John (30 October 2017). "Freedom for Frestonia: the London commune that cut loose from the UK". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ↑ "Rubha Phoil |". www.rubhaphoil.org. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ↑ Hardy, Dennis (2000). Utopian England: Community Experiments, 1900-1945. Psychology Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-419-24670-1.
- ↑ Franks, Benjamin (2006). Rebel Alliances: The Means and Ends of Contemporary British Anarchisms. AK Press/Dark Star. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-904859-40-6.
- ↑ Headley, Gwyn; Meulenkamp, Wim (1999). Follies, grottoes & garden buildings. Aurum. p. 250. ISBN 9781854106254.
- ↑ "Lifechanyuan International Family Society". Lifechanyuan International Family Society.
- ↑ "Whole Village, an Ecovillage in Caledon Hills" . Retrieved 2025-01-13.
- ↑ "Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage – Communal Living | Sustainable Living | Community Living". www.dancingrabbit.org.
- ↑ "Enright Ridge Urban Ecovillage". Enright Ridge Urban Ecovillage.
- ↑ "Project Neighborhood". Calvin University. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ↑ Calvin Chimes (2 October 2023). "Project Neighborhood invests in this year's small cohort while planning for the future" . Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ↑ Osborne, Domenique (9 November 2002). "Radically wholesome". Metro Times . Archived from the original on 30 March 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
- ↑ Martin, James J. (1970) [1953]. "The Colonial Period: Utopia and "Modern Times"". Men Against the State: The Expositors of Individualist Anarchism in America, 1827-1908. Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles Publisher. pp. 56–64. ISBN 9780879260064. OCLC 8827896.
- ↑ "Inside radical christian sect". Mirror. Retrieved 2019-10-26.
- ↑ "Bryn Gweled Homesteads Welcome Page". bryngweled.org. Retrieved 2020-01-13.
- ↑ Writer, Alan J. Heavens, Inquirer Real Estate (26 April 2015). "At Bryn Gweled Homesteads, intentionally making a community for 75 years". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2020-01-13.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "An Experiment in Anarchy: Modern Times, the notorious and short-lived utopian village that preceded Brentwood". Archived from the original on 9 August 2014.
- ↑ "Rachel Carson EcoVillage".
- ↑ "Searching For Happiness In 'Utopia'". Huffington Post . Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
Acorn Community Farm [is] a self-described "farm-based, anarchist, eco-conscienced, secular, egalitarian community"
- ↑ "Pentecostal Monasticism: Communities of the Spirit Both Past and Potential". February 5, 2020.
- ↑ "Heathcote Community". www.heathcote.org.
- ↑ Robinson, Paul (2019-06-03). "Community at its finest: Alpha Farm provides a tight-knit cooperative outside Eugene". Daily Emerald. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
- ↑ "Avalon Organic Gardens & EcoVillage". Global Ecovillage Network. 2022-03-14. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
- ↑ Blust, Kendal (2023-02-13). "EcoVillage residents live apart, reach out". Nogales International. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
- 1 2 LeWarne, Charles Pierce (1975). Utopias on Puget Sound: 1885–1915. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 168–226. ISBN 0295974443.
- ↑ Fimbres, Gabrielle (2023-03-10). "Stone Curves turns 10 with strong sense of community". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
- ↑ Marshall, Peter H. (1993). Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism . London: Fontana Press. pp. 507–508. ISBN 978-0-00-686245-1. OCLC 1042028128.
[I]n 1890 Dr Giovanni Rossi, an Italian agronomist, founded in the famous Cecilia colony in Parana one of the first anarchist communities in Latin America.