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This is a list of kings of Rohan from the fictional universe of Middle-earth by J. R. R. Tolkien. All of the Kings were of the same dynasty, the House of Eorl, divided into separate Lines whenever a king, having no surviving son, was succeeded by his sister's son. All dates are in the Third Age, except where noted.
Rohan is a kingdom in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy setting of Middle-earth. It is mainly a grassland, and lies north-west of its ally Gondor, and further north-west of Mordor, the realm of Sauron, their enemy. It is inhabited by the Rohirrim, a people of herdsmen and farmers who are well known for their horses and cavalry. The realm is of significant importance in the author's book, The Lord of the Rings. Much of the background of Rohan is grounded in Anglo-Saxon tradition.
A fictional universe is a self-consistent setting with events, and often other elements, that differ from the real world. It may also be called an imagined, constructed or fictional realm. Fictional universes may appear in novels, comics, films, television shows, video games, and other creative works.
Middle-earth is the fictional setting of much of British writer J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. The term is equivalent to the term Midgard of Norse mythology, describing the human-inhabited world, that is, the central continent of the Earth in Tolkien's imagined mythological past.
Tolkien, a Professor of Anglo-Saxon, gave the people of Rohan names in Old English which were usually meaningful for the character. Thus many of the kings of Rohan have names which are epithets for rulers.
Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers probably in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, as the language of the upper classes by Anglo-Norman, a relative of French. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era, as during this period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into a phase known now as Middle English.
An epithet is a byname, or a descriptive term, accompanying or occurring in place of a name and having entered common usage. It has various shades of meaning when applied to seemingly real or fictitious people, divinities, objects, and binomial nomenclature. It can also be a descriptive title: for example, Pallas Athena, Alfred the Great, Suleiman the Magnificent or Władysław I the Elbow-high.
Helm's two sons were killed by the Dunlendings during the Long Winter, when he himself froze to death. His sister's son, Fréaláf Hildeson, became the first king of the second line.
Eorl: Called 'the Young', Lord of the Éothéod (T.A.2501–2510), King of Rohan (2510–2545), and founder of the House of Eorl, Eorl, son of Léod, was Lord of the Éothéod, Northmen who dwelt between the Langwell and Greylin rivers, near the headwaters of the Anduin.
In the fictional world of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Éothéod were a group of Northmen who became the ancestors of the Rohirrim. The word, meaning "horse people", is a compound of the Old English words éoh and théod ; it is cognate with Old Norse jóþjóð. Tolkien used the word to refer also to the land they occupied in the Vales of Anduin.
J. R. R. Tolkien adopted the term Northmen in his fiction; his "Northmen" were Men that lived in northern Wilderland in Middle-earth, and were friendly to Gondor.
In J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional Middle-earth, Anduin is the Sindarin name for the Great River of Wilderland, the longest river in the Third Age. The ancestors of the Rohirrim called it Langflood. It flowed from its sources in the Grey and Misty Mountains to the Mouths of Anduin in the Great Sea (Belegaer). In her Atlas of Middle-earth, Karen Wynn Fonstad estimates a total length of 1,388 miles (2,233 km).
In 2510, he led the Éothéod south in the Vale of Anduin, in response to a plea for help from Cirion, Steward of Gondor. They arrived at the Battle of the Field of Celebrant just in time to save the army of Gondor, beset by Orcs and Easterlings, and destroyed the enemy forces. For this deed, Cirion granted the Éothéod the land of Calenardhon, which had been the northern part of Gondor but was now almost deserted. This new realm the Éothéod called Rohan, and themselves the Rohirrim ("Lords of Horses"); also, Eorlingas ("Sons of Eorl"). Eorl became the first King of Rohan, and Eorl swore an oath of fealty to Gondor. The Oath of Eorl pledged that whenever Gondor was attacked and called for aid, the Rohirrim would come to fight for them. The Oath was renewed by each successive King of Rohan. The Steward also pledged the faith of Gondor to come to the aid of Rohan if need be.
Eorl established his new capital at Aldburg in the Folde. He was called the Young because he succeeded as Lord of the Éothéod when he was just sixteen, and he retained his youthful appearance throughout his life. He died in battle in the Wold against the Easterlings. Eorl reigned as Lord of the Éothéod for 9 years and as king of Rohan for 35years, and was succeeded in 2545 by his son, Brego.
In Old English, eorl means 'nobleman', 'warrior'; it led to the modern English 'earl'.
"brego," (a 'ruler') in the Beowulf
Brego: The second King of Rohan, Brego was the son of Eorl the Young and became king at the death of his father in 2545. During his reign, the migration of the Éothéod to Calenardhon continued, and Brego defended the borders of Rohan against the Dunlendings and Easterlings. Brego built the Golden Hall of Meduseld and made Edoras the capital of Rohan. His eldest son, Baldor, in his pride went into the Paths of the Dead never to be found again, and Brego died of grief soon after. Brego's third son, Éofor, was an ancestor of Éomund of Eastfold, the father of Éomer. Brego reigned for 25years and was succeeded in 2570 by his second son, Aldor.
In the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien, "Easterling" and "Easterlings" were generic terms for Men who lived in Rhûn, the vast eastern region of Middle-earth. Many fought under Morgoth and his successor Sauron, the Dark Lords of Middle-earth.
In J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy world of Middle-earth, the Paths of the Dead were a haunted passage under the White Mountains.
Éomer is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He appears in The Two Towers and The Return of the King, the second and third volumes of Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings.
In Old English, brego means 'prince', 'lord', 'ruler'.
Aldor: The third King of Rohan and its longest reigning monarch, Aldor the Old was the second son of Brego and became king at his father's death in 2570, at the age of 26. His elder brother, Baldor, was lost while attempting to pass the Paths of the Dead. His long rule was a golden age for Rohan, as the numbers of the Rohirrim increased, and the Dunlendings were chased past the Gap of Rohan, beyond the borders of Adorn and Isen. He also established Dunharrow as a refuge. Aldor had many children, of which the three eldest were daughters. He died at the age of 102, a year after the birth of his first great-great-grandson. Aldor reigned for 75years and was succeeded in T.A.2645 by his son, Fréa.
Dunharrow is a fictional place from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. Aldor, third king of Rohan, established it as a refuge of the Rohirrim hidden in the White Mountains and fortified against attack. Dunharrow had been used as a refuge by the Middle Men of the White Mountains during the Second Age — many millennia before Rohan.
Fréa: The fourth King of Rohan, Fréa was the son of Aldor the Old and became king at the death of his father in 2645, aged already 75. He was the fourth child of Aldor and had three older sisters. Fréa reigned for just 14years and was succeeded in 2659 by his son, Fréawine.
Fréawine: The fifth King of Rohan, Fréawine was the son of Fréa and became king at the death of his father in 2659, aged already 65. He was born during the rule of his grandfather, Aldor the Old, and was 51 and a grandfather himself when Aldor died and the crown passed to his father. Fréawine reigned for 21years and was succeeded in 2680 by his son, Goldwine.
Goldwine: The sixth King of Rohan, Goldwine was the son of Fréawine and became king at the death of his father in 2680, when he was 61years old. He was born during the rule of his great-grandfather, Aldor the Old, and was aged26, already a father, when Aldor finally died and the crown passed to his grandfather, Fréa. Goldwine ruled during the "Golden Age" of Rohan and was very wealthy. During his rule, the guard of Rohan's borders lessened, and the Dunlendings which Aldor had driven out began to return to northern Rohan. Goldwine reigned for 19years and was succeeded in 2699 by his son, Déor.
Déor: The seventh King of Rohan, Déor was the son of Goldwine and became king at the death of his father in 2699. He was born in the reign of his great-great-grandfather, Aldor the Old, leading to an extraordinary situation of five generations living simultaneously in one house. During Déor's reign, the Dunlendings raided western Rohan. In 2710, they occupied the old fortress of Isengard and could not be driven out. Déor reigned for 19troublesome years and was succeeded in 2718 by his son, Gram.
Gram: The eighth King of Rohan, Gram was the son of Déor and became king at the death of his father in 2718. His reign was one of war with the Dunlendings, who continued to raid Rohan from the fortress of Isengard. Gram reigned for 23years and was succeeded in 2741 by his son, Helm Hammerhand.
Helm Hammerhand: The ninth King of Rohan and the last king of the first line, Helm was the son of Gram and became king at the death of his father in 2741. During his reign, Rohan was overrun by Dunlendings and eastern invaders. Helm died in the siege of the Hornburg, and both of his sons (Haleth and Háma) were also killed in battle. Helm reigned for 18years and was succeeded in 2759 by his nephew, Fréaláf Hildeson.
Fréaláf Hildeson: The tenth King of Rohan and the first king of the second line, Fréaláf was the son of Helm Hammerhand's sister and became king after Helm was killed in T.A.2759. Fréaláf led a daring raid that recaptured Edoras. He then drove the Dunlendings back across the rivers Isen and Adorn, freeing all of Rohan. At his coronation, the wizardSaruman suddenly appeared after years of absence. Saruman offered Fréaláf his support and friendship. On Fréaláf's advice, Beren, the Steward of Gondor, lent Saruman the keys to Orthanc, giving him Isengard to dwell in on the condition that he must protect it from the Dunlendings. Fréaláf reigned for 39years and was succeeded in 2798 by his son, Brytta Léofa.
"bryttan" (a 'dispenser') in the Beowulf
Brytta: The eleventh King of Rohan, Brytta was the son of Fréaláf Hildeson and became king at the death of his father in 2798. During his reign, Rohan was still recovering from the war with the Dunlendings, and hostilities remained at the western borders. Brytta continued his father's habits of helping those in need, earning him the name Léofa, "Beloved", in the Rohirric tongue. Besides the Dunlendings, his rule saw a new trouble, as the War of the Dwarves and Orcs caused great numbers of Orcs to flee from the Misty Mountains and settle in the White Mountains south of Rohan. Brytta hunted down these Orcs, and when he died, it was believed Rohan was free of Orcs. Brytta reigned for 44years and was succeeded in 2842 by his son, Walda.
In Old English, brytta means 'giver', 'dispenser'.
Walda: The twelfth King of Rohan, Walda was the son of Brytta Léofa and became king at the death of his father in 2842. Walda had fought the Orcs which invaded Rohan during Brytta's reign, and at the time of his coronation, it was believed Rohan had been freed of them. However, some Orcs remained, and Walda was killed by Orcs near Dunharrow. Walda reigned for just 9years and was succeeded in 2851 by his son, Folca, who avenged him.
In Old English, walda means 'ruler, 'wielder', for example as in Bretwalda.
Folca: The thirteenth King of Rohan, Folca was the son of Walda and became king after his father was killed by Orcs in 2851. He was called The Hunter for his hunting prowess, but vowed to hunt no beast while there were Orcs in Rohan. He avenged his father by hunting down all the Orcs remaining in Rohan and eventually cleared the land. When the last Orcs were destroyed, he went to hunt the great boar of Everholt (a forest on Rohan's eastern border). Though he slew it, it mortally wounded him. Folca reigned for 13years and was succeeded in 2864 by his son, Folcwine.
Folcwine: The fourteenth King of Rohan, Folcwine was the son of Folca the Hunter and became king at the death of his father in 2864. He completely re-conquered the Westmarch between the rivers Adorn and Isen from the Dunlendings. He had four children: three sons and a daughter. His twin sons Folcred and Fastred fought in a battle in Gondor against the Haradrim, but were slain. Folcwine reigned for 39years and was succeeded in 2903 by his third son, Fengel.
Fengel: The fifteenth King of Rohan, Fengel was the third son of Folcwine and became king at the death of his father in 2903. (Fengel's two older brothers were killed while fighting for Gondor.) As king, he became known for his greed for food and gold. He quarrelled with his marshals and with his son, Thengel, who left Rohan and went to live in Gondor instead. Fengel reigned for 50years and was succeeded in 2953 by his son, Thengel.
In Old English, fengel means 'lord', 'prince', 'king'. This name also alludes to the king's greedy character: the Old English fénge is a form of fón, meaning 'seize', 'take'.
Thengel (2905–2980): The sixteenth King of Rohan, Thengel was the only son of Fengel and became king at the death of his father in 2953. He was at odds with his father and went to live in Gondor, where he took service with the Steward. While living in Gondor, he married a Gondorian lady, Morwen Steelsheen of Lossarnach.[1] When Fengel died, Thengel reluctantly returned to Rohan to become king. Morwen bore him five children in total, including his only son (his second child), Théoden. His youngest daughter, Théodwyn, was the mother of Éomer and Éowyn. Thengel had learned Sindarin while living in Gondor, and in his house, it was the daily tongue, together with Westron, the common speech. Thengel reigned for 27years and was succeeded in 2980 by his son, Théoden.
Théoden: The seventeenth King of Rohan and the last king of the second line, Théoden was the only son of King Thengel and became king at the death of his father in 2980. He was born in T.A.2948 in Gondor, where his family lived until Thengel became king of Rohan. Théoden was raised speaking Sindarin and Westron rather than Rohirric, but learned the tongue of his people later. He died in the War of the Ring, fighting in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. He was avenged by Éowyn. His only son, Théodred, was killed in 3019. Théoden reigned for 39 years and was succeeded in 3019 by his nephew and adopted son, Éomer.
In Old English, theoden means 'prince', 'lord', 'ruler' of the people.
Éomer: The eighteenth King of Rohan and the first king of the third line, Éomer was the son of Théodwyn, younger sister of King Théoden, and became king at the death of his uncle in 3019. His father was Éomund, a Marshal of the Riddermark. After Éomer's parents died, Théoden adopted him and his sister Éowyn as his own children. Éomer was Third Marshal of the Riddermark and became Théoden's heir when Théoden's son, Théodred, died. He was of the House of Eorl. Éomer reigned for 65 years and was succeeded in FA (Fourth Age) 63 by his son, Elfwine.
Elfwine: Called 'the Fair', the nineteenth King of Rohan, Elfwine was the eldest son of King Éomer Éadig and became king at the death of his father in FA (Fourth Age) 63. His mother was Lothíriel, daughter of Prince Imrahil of Dol Amroth. Through his mother, Elfwine was a first cousin once removed to Prince Faramir of Ithilien, the Steward of Gondor, who was also his uncle through his aunt, Éowyn. As Elfwine ruled in the Fourth Age, after the Red Book of Westmarch had been written, little is known about him. "Elfwine" is a modernized rendering of Ælfwine, an Old English name meaning "Elf-friend".
In J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fiction, such as The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, the terms Man and Men refer to humankind – in contrast to Elves, Dwarves, Orcs, and other humanoid races – and does not denote gender. Hobbits were a branch of the lineage of Men.
The Two Towers is the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's high fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings. It is preceded by The Fellowship of the Ring and followed by The Return of the King.
The Return of the King is the third and final volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, following The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers. The story begins in the kingdom of Gondor, which is soon to be attacked by the Dark Lord Sauron.
Théodred is a fictional character in The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. He is the only son and heir of King Théoden of Rohan.
In the fictional high fantasy-world of J. R. R. Tolkien, the War of the Ring was fought between Sauron and the free peoples of Middle-earth for control of the One Ring and dominion over the continent. The War of the Ring took place at the end of the Third Age. Together with the Quest of Mount Doom, it is one of the overarching events of The Lord of the Rings. Gandalf and Elessar Telcontar led the free peoples of Middle-earth to victory over the Dark Lord.
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Isengard is a large fortress in the fictional universe of Middle-earth. It is a translation of the term Angrenost from the fictional language of Sindarin. Both terms mean "iron fortress". Additionally, Isengard can mean "West Guard".
In J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy fiction, the Battle of the Pelennor Fields is the battle for the city of Minas Tirith between the forces of Gondor and its allies, and the forces of the Dark Lord Sauron. Tolkien recounts this battle in The Return of the King, the third volume of his 1954–55 novel The Lord of the Rings as originally printed. It is the largest battle and one of the most important events of the War of the Ring, the war in which the Third Age of Middle-earth comes to a close. It takes place on 15th 'March' T.A. 3019 in the Pelennor Fields, the townlands and fields between Minas Tirith and the River Anduin. The concept and history of composition of the battle is detailed in the fourth volume of The History of the Lord of the Rings.
Cirion is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's universe of Middle-earth. He is first mentioned in the Appendices of Return of the King as the twelfth ruling Steward of Gondor. His role is later expanded in Unfinished Tales.
In J. R. R. Tolkien 's (fictional) legendarium, Dol Amroth was a hill along the coast of Gondor, on a peninsula on the Bay of Belfalas; and also the city that grew up there, mainly in the Third Age as the seat of the principality of the same name. The Prince of Dol Amroth was one of the principal subjects of Gondor. In The Lord of the Rings, Prince Imrahil is the Prince of Dol Amroth, a supporting character in the book's third volume, The Return of the King.
In the fictional world of Middle-earth by J. R. R. Tolkien, Rohirric is the language of the Rohirrim of Rohan. It is always represented by the Mercian dialect of Old English.
The Battle of the Hornburg is a fictional battle in J. R. R. Tolkien's epic The Lord of the Rings. The battle pitted the forces of the Wizard Saruman against the Rohirrim under King Théoden, who had taken refuge in the mountain fortress of the Hornburg at Helm's Deep. The engagement is also informally known as Battle of Helm's Deep or simply Helm's Deep after that location. An account of the battle is recorded in the climactic chapter "Helm's Deep" of the volume The Two Towers.
This article includes several chronologies relating to J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
In J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional universe of Middle-earth, Hallas was the thirteenth Ruling Steward of Gondor.
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Gamling is a Man of Rohan. He appears in The Two Towers, the second volume of The Lord of the Rings. An older man, he was from the Westfold.
Théoden is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel, The Lord of the Rings. The King and Lord of the Mark of Rohan, he appears as a major supporting character in The Two Towers and The Return of the King. When first introduced, Théoden is weak with age and sorrow and the machinations of his top advisor, Gríma Wormtongue, and he does nothing as his kingdom is crumbling. Once roused by Gandalf, however, he becomes an instrumental ally in the war against Saruman and Sauron.
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