List of online digital musical document libraries

Last updated

Cover of the Edition Peters sheet music of "Lux aeterna" by Gyorgy Ligeti. Ligeti Lux aeterna Edition Peters cover.jpg
Cover of the Edition Peters sheet music of "Lux aeterna" by György Ligeti.

This is a list of online digital musical document libraries. Each source listed below offers access to collections of digitized music documents (typically originating from printed or manuscript musical sources). They may contain scanned images, fully encoded scores, or encodings designed for music playback (e.g., via MIDI). Some (e.g., KernScores) are adapted for music analysis.

NameSubject(s)No. of ItemsDescriptionProvider(s)
19th-Century American Sheet Music at UNC Chapel Hill Music Library 19th-century, American 3,500

Approximately 3,500 popular vocal and instrumental titles from the 1830s to the end of the century. Contains catalog descriptions and digital images of the individual pieces.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
19th-Century California Sheet Music 19th-century, Californian, colour 2,700

Sheet music published in California between 1852 and 1900, along with related materials such as a San Francisco publisher's catalog of 1872, programs, songsheets, advertisements, and photographs. Images of every printed page of sheet music from eleven locations have been scanned at 400 dpi, in color where indicated.

University of California, Berkeley
African American Sheet Music 19th-century, 20th-century, African-American, Broadway, colour, lithographs, movie music, popular music, World Wars, Yiddish-American 250,000

Sheet music, primarily vocal music of American imprint, dating from the 18th century to the present, with most titles in the period 1840–1950.

John Hay Library at Brown University
ART SONG CENTRAL downloadable, IPA transcriptions, vocal 1,000

Printable sheet music primarily for singers and voice teachers—most downloadable. Emphasis on standard classical and traditional repertoire. IPA transcriptions available for every German, French, Italian and Latin song in the index. Supplementary information on more than 250 songs.

ART SONG CENTRAL
The Ashford Sheet Music Collection American, Washington 1,000

Largely from and about Washington State and the Pacific Northwest.

University of Washington
Bach digital Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach's autograph manuscripts and original parts. Advanced search options. High-resolution scans. Also contains Bach's copies of works by other composers. Comprises at least 90% of extant Bach manuscripts worldwide. Funding provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and others.

Berlin State LibraryPrussian Cultural Heritage, Saxon State and University Library Dresden, Leipzig Bach-Archiv, Leipzig University Computing Center
Beethoven-Haus Bonn Digital Archives audio, Beethoven, colour, first editions, letters, pictures 15,300

Links more than 6,100 documents on 37,300 coloured high-quality scans, 1,600 audio files (including music examples and audio letters), and 7,600 text files.

Beethoven-Haus Bonn Digital Archives
Biblioteca Digital Hispanica Spanish, JPEG

Downloadable color images.

Biblioteca Nacional de España
Biblioteca Nacional Digital Brasil 19th-century, Brasil, sheet music

Sheet music in the Brazilian National Digital Library.

Brazilian National Digital Library
Bodleian Library Broadside Ballads Britain, broadside ballads 30,000

Printed materials range from the 16th to the 20th Century.

University of Oxford
Brahms-Institut Johannes Brahms 20,000

RGB tiff images with a resolution of 1,200 dpi (photos) or 400 dpi (autographs, letters, prints, etc.).

Brahms-Institut
The Cantigas de Santa Maria: Facsimiles black and white, medieval, monophonic

Medieval-era manuscripts written during the reign of Alfonso X "El Sabio" (1221–1284). One of the largest collections of monophonic (solo) songs from the Middle Ages. The To Codex contains roughly the first 100 cantigas, the E Codex all of the cantigas. Illuminations may be found in the E Codex with every 10th cantiga.

Greg Lindahl
The Cello Music Collection of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro violoncello, cello, manuscript

The largest single holding of cello music–related materials in the world, including annotated sheet music (manuscript and published), monographs, serials, audio/video recordings, personal papers, and artifacts associated with noted cellists.

Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives, UNCG
Charles H. Templeton Sheet Music Collection 19th-century, 20th-century, American, blues, foxtrots, Irving Berlin, minstrel songs, movie music, popular music, rags, show tunes, war songs 5,000

Sheet music for popular tunes dating as far back as 1865. Items are scanned at 600 dpi and saved as a TIFF files.

Mississippi State University
CHASE research project, University of Leeds, UK 19th- and early 20th-century performing editions of string music2,000

AHRC-funded research project containing music files viewable on-site or as downloads. Most of the music consists of chamber music and concertos for string instruments, edited and annotated by such players as Ferdinand David, Friedrich Grützmacher, and Joseph Joachim.

University of Leeds Cardiff University
Chopin's First Editions Online early editions, Frédéric Chopin

All of the first impressions of Chopin's first editions.

Centre for Computing in the Humanities
Chopin Online Catalog early editions, Frédéric Chopin 85

Scores of early printed editions of Chopin's music works published before 1881, of which 74 are works with opus number and 11 are without.

University of Chicago Library
Classical Music Score Digitization Project (CMSDP) Common practice period, classical

Publicly editable library of public domain music in standardized, machine-parsable formats such as MusicXML, MuseScore, Sibelius, and Finale. Largest public, centralized repository of fully digitized CPP scores.

Classical Music Score Digitization Project
The Classical String Quartet, 1770–1840 string quartet

Rare and unusual publications of music for string quartet.

Duke University
Codices Electronici Sangallenses (CESG) – Virtual Library colour, medieval 383

Manuscripts from the medieval codices in the Abbey library of St. Gallen. Downloadable colour PDFs and XML files.

Abbey library of St. Gallen
The Computerized Mensural Music Editing Project early music, xml score data

High-quality early music scores. Online corpus of electronic editions and associated software tools.

Utrecht University
Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music (DIAMM) colour, manuscripts, medieval, polyphonic

Images of medieval polyphonic music manuscripts from approximately 800 to 1600. Includes detailed information for all known sources of European polyphonic music (almost entirely vocal), high-resolution colour TIFF images, and links to external images available at other sites.

University of Oxford
Digital Scores from the Collections of the Eda Kuhn Loeb Music Library 19th-century, Bach, libretti, Mozart, opera, Schubert

First and early editions and manuscripts from the 18th and early 19th centuries by J.S. Bach and Bach family members, Mozart, Schubert and other composers. Multiple versions of 19th-century opera scores, seminal works of musical modernism, and music of the Second Viennese School.

Harvard University
The Düben Collection Database Catalogue 17th and early 18th centuries2,300

Metadata and scanned facsimiles of items in the Düben collection of musical manuscripts and prints from the 17th and early 18th centuries.

Department of Musicology at Uppsala University, Uppsala University Library
e-codices: Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland early modern manuscripts, medieval 659

Medieval and early modern manuscripts from several Swiss libraries, including the Abbey Library of St. Galla.

E-codices
Early Music Online early music 10,000

Digitised images of over 320 volumes of 16th-century anthologies of printed music, from holdings at the British Library, made available for non-commercial use under JISC's Open Education User Licence.

Royal Holloway University of London
Frances G. Spencer Collection of American Sheet Music American, popular music 30,000

From the late 18th century to the early 20th century.

Baylor University
Ignaz Pleyel Early Editions chamber music, French, Ignaz Pleyel, keyboard music 200

Early printed and manuscript scores of the French composer and music publisher Ignaz Pleyel (1757–1831). Includes arrangements of large orchestral works published within the composer's lifetime.

University of Iowa
IN Harmony: Sheet Music from Indiana downloadable sheet music, open source software129,400

Sheet music and open-source sheet music cataloging software.

Indiana University Lilly Library, the Indiana State Library, the Indiana State Museum, and the Indiana Historical Society
International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)799,000

Public domain music scores (720,000) and recordings (79,000), including some contemporary composers.

International Music Score Library Project
Inventions of Note popular music, technology 50

Sheet music for popular songs and piano compositions, mostly 1890–1920.

Lewis Music Library at MIT
Jean-Baptiste Lully Collection 17th-century, 18th-century, French, Jean-Baptiste Lully 30

Rare 17th- and 18th-century scores of operas, ballets, and compilations by the French composer Jean-Baptiste Lully and his sons.

University of North Texas Music Library
Juilliard Manuscript Collection Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart 138

Autograph manuscripts, sketches, engravers' proofs, and first editions.

The Juilliard School
KernScores classical

Scanned graphical music scores (separated by movement), with manually corrected OMR data:

  • Beethoven piano sonatas edited by Paul Dukas. Édition classique a Durand & fils, No. 9327. 1915.
  • Mozart piano sonatas from the Alte Mozart-Ausgabe: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Werke. Kritisch durchgesehene Gesammtausgabe (volume 20 [1878]). Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig; 1877–1883.
  • Selected Haydn keyboard sonatas (partial OMR) 34 harpsichord/pianoforte sonatas from the first four volumes published by Universal Edition (1901).
  • D. Scarlatti keyboard sonatas (partial OMR) Edited by Alessandro Longo (Ricordi, 1906–1913).
Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities
Laborde Chansonnier 15th-century, manuscript, mensural, sacred, Octavo

One book of music from Rare Book Room, which contains digitized books of many types. Laborde Chansonnier – ca. 1470 – Unknown, (author) – France – Library of Congress, Music Division

Rare Book Room of the Library of Congress
Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music 19th-century, American, minstrel music, popular music, war songs 29,000

American popular music spanning the years 1780–1980.

Johns Hopkins University
Library and Archives Canada: Sheet Music From Canada's Past Canadian, popular music 20,000

Patriotic and parlour songs, piano pieces, sacred music, and novelty numbers published from before 1900 to 1920. Includes Canadian imprints and music by Canadians or about Canada published anywhere in the world.

Library and Archives Canada
The Library of Congress: Historic American Sheet Music: 1850–1920 American 3,042

19th and early 20th-century American sheet music drawn from the Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library at Duke University.

The Library of Congress
The Library of Congress: Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music 1870–1885 19th-century, American 62,500

Historical sheet music registered for copyright, including more than 15,000 registered during the years 1820–1860 and more than 47,000 during the years 1870–1885. Includes popular songs, operatic arias, piano music, sacred and secular choral music, solo instrumental music, method books and instructional materials, and music for band and orchestra.

The Library of Congress
The Library of Congress: The Moldenhauer Archives Western music 130

Representative examples documenting the history of Western music from the medieval period through the modern era, including many complete works.

The Library of Congress
Medieval Music Database medieval

Four complete manuscripts, a gradual, and three antiphonals.

La Trobe University
MuseData classical

Graphical Scores and originating data [1] for:

  • Archangelo Corelli, complete published works, Opp. 1–6 (72 works)
  • Ludwig van Beethoven, complete symphonies, selected string quartets
  • Antonio Vivaldi, concerti grossi
  • other works (Bach, Handel, Haydn, Marcello, Mozart, Rovetta, Teleman)
Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities [2]
Music Australia – Australia's Music: Online, in Time Australian music 11,318

Music made and played by Australians, most published before 1930. Medium-resolution scans. PDFs available.

National Library of Australia
Music in the Manuscripts of Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire Médecine of Montpellier medieval Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire Médecine of Montpellier
Music Library Digital Scores Collection 17-19th century45

Manuscript musical scores dating from the 17th through 19th centuries—mostly 17th and 18th century operas, opera excerpts, and other vocal music.

University of Washington
Music Manuscripts Online classical 900

High-quality images and descriptions of music manuscripts.

The Morgan Library & Museum
Musica Brasilis Brazilian music 1,000

Music scores by Brazilian composers.

Musica Brasilis initiative
Neue Mozart-Ausgabe: Digitized Version Mozart

Musical text and critical commentaries of the entire Neue Mozart-Ausgabe.

Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum, Packard Humanities Institute
Open Music Score classical

Public domain music scores provided by the user community in MusicXML format.

Open Music Score
Penn in Hand facsimile, manuscripts

Bibliographic information and digital facsimiles for selected collections of manuscript codices, texts, documents, papers, and leaves held by the University of Pennsylvania's Rare Book & Manuscript Library in the Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books, and Manuscripts, as well as those privately owned by Lawrence J. Schoenberg (C53, WG56).

University of Pennsylvania
Project Gutenberg: The Sheet Music Project scores, sheet music Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
Raphael Project Renaissance

Colour photos, not downloadable.

Raphael Project
Répertoire International des Sources Musicales (RISM) music manuscripts, printed music, libretti, music treatises 59,000

Searchable database of over 1.2 million historical musical sources, with a focus on the period between 1600 and 1850. When available, links are included to digitized items in the holding institution's repository.

RISM, Bavarian State Library, Berlin State Library
Sheet Music Consortium metadata harvesting 120,300

Open collection of digitized sheet music, using the Open Archives Initiative: Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI:PMH).

Collections Indexed:

  • Library of Congress, Music Division – 47,528 records
  • Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University – 20,157 records
  • Lilly Library, Indiana University – 17,937 records
  • Maine Music Box – 11,779 records
  • Lester Levy Collection, Johns Hopkins University – 11,590 records
  • National Library of Australia – 6,731 records
  • UCLA Music Library – 4,593 records
Sheet Music Consortium
Sibley Music Library 18th-century, French, opera 8,643

Public domain scores and books.

Eastman School of Music at the University of Rochester
Tablature in PDF and PostScript lute, tab 75

Lute music available in EPS, PDF, MIDI, or TAB format.

Wayne Cripps of Dartmouth College
Tomas Luis de Victoria editions, manuscripts, prints, Renaissance, Victoria

Prints and editions of Victoria, Morales, and some other Spanish composers.

University of Málaga
A Traditional Music Library folk music, sheet music 60,000

Traditional and folk music from around the world. Includes downloadable PDF scores and MIDI backing tracks for many of the songs.

Rod Smith (musician)
Vatican Exhibit Main Hall: Music Renaissance 23

Colour JPEGs of Renaissance manuscripts.

ibiblio
Ville de Laon: Bibliothèque Municipale Renaissance

Music from the 9th to 15th centuries.

Ville de Laon: Bibliothèque Municipale
Virtual Music Rare Book Room 18th-century, French, opera

Emphasis on 18th-century French opera.

University of North Texas

See also

Related Research Articles

In communications and information processing, code is a system of rules to convert information—such as a letter, word, sound, image, or gesture—into another form, sometimes shortened or secret, for communication through a communication channel or storage in a storage medium. An early example is an invention of language, which enabled a person, through speech, to communicate what they thought, saw, heard, or felt to others. But speech limits the range of communication to the distance a voice can carry and limits the audience to those present when the speech is uttered. The invention of writing, which converted spoken language into visual symbols, extended the range of communication across space and time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Music</span> Form of art using sound

In the most general of terms, Music is the arrangement of sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise expressive content. Definitions of music vary depending on culture, though it is an aspect of all human societies and a cultural universal. While scholars agree that music is defined by a few specific elements, there is no consensus on their precise definitions. The creation of music is commonly divided into musical composition, musical improvisation, and musical performance, though the topic itself extends into academic disciplines, criticism, philosophy, psychology, and therapeutic contexts. Music may be performed or improvised using a vast range of instruments, including the human voice, thus is often credited for it's extreme versatility, and opportunity for creativity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PDF</span> Portable Document Format, a digital file format

Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Based on the PostScript language, each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, vector graphics, raster images and other information needed to display it. PDF has its roots in "The Camelot Project" initiated by Adobe co-founder John Warnock in 1991. PDF was standardized as ISO 32000 in 2008. The last edition as ISO 32000-2:2020 was published in December 2020.

Music history, sometimes called historical musicology, is a highly diverse subfield of the broader discipline of musicology that studies music from a historical point of view. In theory, "music history" could refer to the study of the history of any type or genre of music. In practice, these research topics are often categorized as part of ethnomusicology or cultural studies, whether or not they are ethnographically based. The terms "music history" and "historical musicology" usually refer to the history of the notated music of Western elites, sometimes called "art music".

Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of musical notation that uses musical symbols to indicate the pitches, rhythms, or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece. Like its analogs – printed books or pamphlets in English, Arabic, or other languages – the medium of sheet music typically is paper. However, access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically, and, in some cases, "play back" the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mutopia Project</span> Volunteer-run library of free content sheet music

The Mutopia Project is a volunteer-run effort to create a library of free content sheet music, in a way similar to Project Gutenberg's library of public domain books. It started in 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LilyPond</span> Free software scorewriter

LilyPond is a computer program and file format for music engraving. One of LilyPond's major goals is to produce scores that are engraved with traditional layout rules, reflecting the era when scores were engraved by hand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Film score</span> Original music written specifically to accompany a film, part of the films soundtrack

A film score is original music written specifically to accompany a film. The score comprises a number of orchestral, instrumental, or choral pieces called cues, which are timed to begin and end at specific points during the film in order to enhance the dramatic narrative and the emotional impact of the scene in question. Scores are written by one or more composers under the guidance of or in collaboration with the film's director or producer and are then most often performed by an ensemble of musicians – usually including an orchestra or band, instrumental soloists, and choir or vocalists – known as playback singers – and recorded by a sound engineer. The term is less frequently applied to music written for media such as live theatre, television and radio programs, and video games, and said music is typically referred to as either the soundtrack or incidental music.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Digital Library Program</span>

The Library of Congress National Digital Library Program (NDLP) is assembling a digital library of reproductions of primary source materials to support the study of the history and culture of the United States. The NDLP brought online 24 million books and documents from the Library of Congress and other research institutions.

The Apple Lossless Audio Codec (ALAC), also known as Apple Lossless, or Apple Lossless Encoder (ALE), is an audio coding format, and its reference audio codec implementation, developed by Apple Inc. for lossless data compression of digital music. After initially keeping it proprietary from its inception in 2004, in late 2011 Apple made the codec available open source and royalty-free. Traditionally, Apple has referred to the codec as Apple Lossless, though more recently it has begun to use the abbreviated term ALAC when referring to the codec.

MusicXML is an XML-based file format for representing Western musical notation. The format is open, fully documented, and can be freely used under the W3C Community Final Specification Agreement.

Optical music recognition (OMR) is a field of research that investigates how to computationally read musical notation in documents. The goal of OMR is to teach the computer to read and interpret sheet music and produce a machine-readable version of the written music score. Once captured digitally, the music can be saved in commonly used file formats, e.g. MIDI and MusicXML . In the past it has, misleadingly, also been called "music optical character recognition". Due to significant differences, this term should no longer be used.

<i>Neue Mozart-Ausgabe</i> Catalogue of compositions; second complete works edition of the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The Neue Mozart-Ausgabe is the second complete works edition of the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. A longer and more formal title for the edition is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791): Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke [Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791): New Edition of the Complete Works].

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Répertoire International des Sources Musicales</span> Music cataloging organisation based in Germany

The Répertoire International des Sources Musicales is an international non-profit organization, founded in Paris in 1952, with the aim of comprehensively documenting extant historical sources of music all over the world. It is the largest organization of its kind and the only entity operating globally to document written musical sources. RISM is one of the four bibliographic projects sponsored by the International Musicological Society and the International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres, the others being Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale, Répertoire international d'iconographie musicale, and Répertoire international de la presse musicale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Music Score Library Project</span> Project for the creation of a virtual library of public domain music scores

The International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP), also known as the Petrucci Music Library after publisher Ottaviano Petrucci, is a for-profit subscription-based digital library of public-domain music scores. The project uses MediaWiki software, and as of 24 November 2023 has uploaded more than 736,000 scores and 80,700 recordings by 1,900 performers of more than 226,000 works by 27,400 composers. IMSLP has both an iOS app and an Android app.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Standard Name Identifier</span> 16 digit identifier for people and organisations

The International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) is an identifier system for uniquely identifying the public identities of contributors to media content such as books, television programmes, and newspaper articles. Such an identifier consists of 16 digits. It can optionally be displayed as divided into four blocks.

The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) is an open-source effort to create a system for representation of musical documents in a machine-readable structure. MEI closely mirrors work done by text scholars in the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and while the two encoding initiatives are not formally related, they share many common characteristics and development practices. The term "MEI", like "TEI", describes the governing organization and the markup language. The MEI community solicits input and development directions from specialists in various music research communities, including technologists, librarians, historians, and theorists in a common effort to discuss and define best practices for representing a broad range of musical documents and structures. The results of these discussions are then formalized into the MEI schema, a core set of rules for recording physical and intellectual characteristics of music notation documents. This schema is expressed in an XML schema Language, with RelaxNG being the preferred format. The MEI schema is developed using the One-Document-Does-it-all (ODD) format, a literate programming XML format developed by the Text Encoding Initiative.

Computational musicology is an interdisciplinary research area between musicology and computer science. Computational musicology includes any disciplines that use computation in order to study music. It includes sub-disciplines such as mathematical music theory, computer music, systematic musicology, music information retrieval, digital musicology, sound and music computing, and music informatics. As this area of research is defined by the tools that it uses and its subject matter, research in computational musicology intersects with both the humanities and the sciences. The use of computers in order to study and analyze music generally began in the 1960s, although musicians have been using computers to assist them in the composition of music beginning in the 1950s. Today, computational musicology encompasses a wide range of research topics dealing with the multiple ways music can be represented.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trove</span> Australian online library database aggregator

Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Autograph (manuscript)</span> Manuscript or document written in the authors handwriting

An autograph or holograph is a manuscript or document written in its author's or composer's hand. The meaning of autograph as a document penned entirely by the author of its content, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by a copyist or scribe other than the author, overlaps with that of holograph.

References

  1. "Musedata". musedata.org. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  2. Yorgason, Brent. "The Implications of Digital Music Libraries for Music Theory". Society for Music Theory. Retrieved 23 August 2020.